CN113484665B - Fault point positioning method in single-phase earth fault - Google Patents
Fault point positioning method in single-phase earth fault Download PDFInfo
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- CN113484665B CN113484665B CN202110641120.XA CN202110641120A CN113484665B CN 113484665 B CN113484665 B CN 113484665B CN 202110641120 A CN202110641120 A CN 202110641120A CN 113484665 B CN113484665 B CN 113484665B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault point positioning method in single-phase earth fault, which comprises the following steps: after the ground fault occurs, acquiring the zero sequence current of each switch on each line; acquiring a primary fault line; disconnecting the primary fault line, judging whether the primary fault line is a real fault line, and executing the following steps when the primary fault line is not the real fault line; collecting zero sequence current of each switch on each line again; calculating the zero-sequence current variation of an outlet switch of each line before and after the initial selection of the fault line is turned off, and determining a real fault line according to the zero-sequence current variation of the outlet switch; and determining a fault interval according to the zero sequence current variable quantity of each switch on the fault line. The invention improves the line selection accuracy and timely fault location by selecting the line at most twice, effectively avoids the alternate switching mechanism only completed by the grounding line selection device, improves the alternate switching efficiency, and quickly selects the fault line and locates the fault.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid management, in particular to a fault point positioning method in a single-phase earth fault.
Background
In a 3-35kV power system in China, a small-current grounding mode is usually adopted, namely a neutral point is not grounded and is grounded through an arc suppression coil, and the purpose is to improve the power supply reliability. However, when the system has a single-phase earth fault, only the zero-sequence voltage and the zero-sequence current change, and the change of the zero-sequence current is not obvious, so that the earth line selection positioning rate is not high all the time. The current line selection positioning principle is basically developed around the steady state quantity or the transient state quantity of zero sequence current fundamental waves and harmonic waves, but the line selection positioning method based on the steady state phasor is influenced by the system operation mode, the line selection positioning based on the transient state method is influenced by the size of grounding resistance and grounding instantaneous voltage, so that a maintainer has to use a pull method to remove a grounding feeder, and then line inspection is carried out on towers step by step, the power supply reliability is reduced, and the line selection positioning method is extremely incompatible with the high automation level of the current power grid.
Due to the complexity of a low-current grounding system, no device for realizing 100% line selection and positioning accuracy of all single-phase grounding faults is available at present, and when the first grounding line selection is wrong, a fault line cannot be selected and a fault interval cannot be positioned quickly for the second time. The round cutting mechanism (round cutting according to the preset line sequence) which can only be completed by the grounding line selection device or the artificial experience line pulling method has low round cutting efficiency.
For the above reasons, careful research and design are needed for a line selection and positioning method for matching the intelligent switch of the low-current grounding system with the reclosing device, so as to quickly and accurately select a line and position a fault section.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fault point positioning method in a single-phase earth fault, which can solve the problem that the line selection and the fault interval positioning cannot be carried out quickly in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fault point positioning method in single-phase earth fault comprises the following steps:
after the ground fault occurs, acquiring the zero sequence current of each switch on each line;
acquiring a primary fault line;
disconnecting the primary fault line, judging whether the primary fault line is a real fault line, and executing the following steps when the primary fault line is not the real fault line;
collecting zero sequence current of each switch on each line again;
calculating the zero-sequence current variation of an outlet switch of each line before and after the initial selection of the fault line is turned off, and determining a real fault line according to the zero-sequence current variation of the outlet switch;
and determining a fault interval according to the real zero sequence current variable quantity of each switch on the fault line.
Further, the method for judging whether the ground fault occurs is as follows: setting a zero sequence voltage starting value; and when the zero sequence voltage of the bus is greater than the zero sequence voltage starting value, indicating that the ground fault exists.
Further, the method for disconnecting the initially selected fault line is as follows: and the detection device sends a tripping command to the initially selected fault line.
Furthermore, the detection device is configured with a trip delay time t1, and after the time period of t1 is delayed, a trip instruction is sent to the initially selected fault line.
Further, the determining whether the initially selected faulty line is a true faulty line includes:
and after the primary selection fault line is disconnected, judging whether the ground fault disappears, if the ground fault does not disappear, judging that the primary selection fault line is not a real fault line, otherwise, judging that the primary selection fault line is a real fault line.
Further, the calculation formula of the zero sequence current variation of the outlet switch is as follows:
ΔI 0i ＝|I 0i * -I 0i i, where I represents the line number, 0 is the number of the outlet switch, I 0i For switching off zero-sequence current of outlet switch of ith line before primary fault line, I 0i * For switching off the zero-sequence current, Δ I, of the outlet switch of the ith line after the primary selection of the faulty line 0i Represents the zero sequence current variation of the outlet switch of the ith line.
Further, the determining a true fault line according to the zero sequence current variation of the outlet switch includes: if I 0i * ≠0，And Δ I 0i The amplitude of the ith line is maximum, and the ith line is a real fault line.
Further, a fault interval is determined according to the real zero sequence current variation of each switch on the fault line: and sequentially comparing the zero sequence current variable quantities of two adjacent switches on the fault line, wherein a fault interval is formed between the two adjacent switches with the maximum difference of the zero sequence current variable quantities.
Further, the method for locating the fault point in the single-phase earth fault further comprises the step of verifying whether the true fault line is judged correctly:
after the detection device delays for a time period of t2, the circuit reclosing operation is executed, and all circuits recover power supply; and shutting off the judged true fault line, and if the fault disappears, indicating that the fault line is judged correctly.
Further, the method for locating the fault point in the single-phase ground fault further comprises the step of verifying whether the ground fault is recovered to be normal: after the fault line is overhauled and the switch is delayed for a time period of t2, executing reclosing operation of the fault line; and if the earth fault does not reappear after reclosing, the earth fault is recovered to be normal.
The fault point positioning method in the single-phase earth fault utilizes the change of the zero sequence current parameter after the first line selection tripping and the change of the zero sequence current of other non-tripped lines as the basis of the second line selection and positioning, performs the second line selection in a targeted manner, improves the line selection accuracy and positions the fault in time by selecting the line at most twice, effectively avoids a round-trip mechanism only completed by an earth line selection device, improves the round-trip efficiency, and quickly selects the fault line and positions the fault.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a zero sequence current equivalent diagram;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a fault point locating method in a single-phase ground fault according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a low current grounding system;
fig. 4 is a zero sequence current waveform diagram of the outlet switch of the line L1 before and after the primary fault line is turned off;
fig. 5 is a zero sequence current waveform diagram of the outlet switch of the line L2 before and after the primary fault line is turned off;
fig. 6 is a zero sequence current waveform diagram of the outlet switch of the line L3 before and after the primary fault line is turned off;
fig. 7 and 8 are zero sequence current waveform diagrams of other switches of the line L3 before and after the primary fault line is turned off.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure in the specification. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely illustrative of some, and not restrictive, of the embodiments of the disclosure. The disclosure may be embodied or carried out in various other specific embodiments, and various modifications and changes may be made in the details within the description without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments disclosed herein without inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
The method of the invention is characterized in that the variation of zero sequence current parameters of other non-tripped circuit switches caused by the variation of zero sequence current parameters after the first line selection tripping is used as the basis of the second line selection and fault location, the second line selection is carried out in a targeted manner, the line selection accuracy is improved through the maximum two line selections, the number of alternate switching is reduced, and the fault line is quickly selected and positioned.
The effectiveness of the method of the invention is verified a priori below:
assuming that m lines are provided, taking the single-phase earth fault of the line m as an example, a zero sequence equivalent circuit diagram of the small current earth system is shown in fig. 1.
If a power grid is provided with a plurality of feeder lines, and a certain line (non-fault line) is cut off in fault, zero sequence voltage will be changed, and according to a zero sequence current equivalent diagram, zero sequence current before a fault point of the fault feeder line is as follows:
(1) In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the zero sequence impedance to ground of the faulty feeder m,
the zero-sequence voltage is represented by,
representing the supply voltage, R d Representing the value of the transition resistance to ground.
And (3) cutting off a certain fault feeder line, wherein the zero sequence current variable quantity before a fault point is as follows:
(2) In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the zero sequence voltage variation.
(3) In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the zero sequence impedance to ground of the normal feeder n.
(4) In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the zero sequence impedance of the line to ground after the fault point of the fault line.
Because the zero sequence impedance to the ground of the fault feeder m, the zero sequence impedance to the ground of the normal feeder n and the zero sequence impedance to the ground of the line after the fault point of the fault line are generally far larger than the ground transition resistance value of the fault point, the zero sequence impedance to the ground of the line after the fault point of the fault line is expressed by a formula as follows:
then the zero sequence current variation before the fault feeder m fault point is far larger than that of the normal feeder, and the zero sequence current variation after the fault point is also far larger than that of the normal feeder, and the formula is as follows:
therefore, the fault line can be analyzed by using the variation of the zero sequence current.
The fault point positioning method in the single-phase earth fault of the invention, the flow chart of which is shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
step S1, collecting zero sequence current of each switch on each line after the ground fault occurs.
The method for judging whether the ground fault occurs comprises the following steps:
and S101, setting a zero sequence voltage starting value.
The starting value is set to judge whether the ground fault occurs or not, and the zero sequence voltage of the bus exceeds the set starting value, namely, the occurrence of the ground fault is indicated.
And S102, when the zero sequence voltage of the bus is larger than the zero sequence voltage starting value, indicating that the ground fault exists.
The current value collection can be realized by the prior art, is not the key point of the invention, and is not described herein. And when the zero sequence voltage is greater than the starting value, judging that the distribution network line has a single-phase earth fault.
And S2, acquiring a primary fault line.
The acquisition of the primary fault line is a relatively mature technology, and is implemented by using an algorithm in the prior art, such as a phase asymmetry method, a zero sequence admittance method, a transient reactive power method, a transient zero sequence current similarity method, an active component method, a traveling wave polarity method, and the like, which can all implement the function of determining the primary fault line, so that the primary fault line selection process is not described in detail herein.
And S3, disconnecting the initially selected fault line, judging whether the initially selected fault line is a real fault line, and if not, executing the step S4.
Further, the mode of disconnecting the initially selected fault line is as follows: and the detection device sends a tripping instruction to the initially selected fault line.
The switch can be configured with trip delay time t1, and after the delay time t1, a trip instruction is sent to the initially selected fault line.
Further, determining whether the initially selected faulty line is a true faulty line includes:
and after the primary selection fault line is disconnected, judging whether the ground fault disappears, if the ground fault does not disappear, judging that the primary selection fault line is not a real fault line, otherwise, judging that the primary selection fault line is a real fault line.
At present, no detection device can realize 100% of line selection and positioning accuracy for all single-phase earth faults, so that the primarily selected fault line is not a real fault line, and the real fault line needs to be searched again.
And S4, collecting the zero sequence current of each switch on each line again.
And S5, calculating the zero-sequence current variation of the outlet switch of each line before and after the primary selection fault line is turned off, and determining the fault line according to the zero-sequence current variation of the outlet switch.
The calculation formula of the zero sequence current variable quantity of the outlet switch is delta I 0i ＝|I 0i * -I 0i I, where I represents the line number, 0 is the number of the outlet switch, I 0i For switching off zero-sequence current of outlet switch of ith line before primary fault line, I 0i * For switching off the zero-sequence current, Δ I, of the outlet switch of the ith line after the primary selection of the faulty line 0i And representing the zero sequence current variation of the outlet switch of the ith line.
Further, the fault line mode is determined according to the zero sequence current variation of the outlet switch as follows: determination of I 0i * Not equal to 0 and Δ I 0i The largest amplitude of (c) is the faulty line.
And S6, determining a fault interval according to the real zero sequence current variable quantity of each switch on the fault line.
Further, a fault interval is determined according to the real zero sequence current variation of each switch on the fault line: and sequentially comparing the zero sequence current variable quantities of two adjacent switches on the fault line, wherein a fault interval is formed between the two adjacent switches with the maximum difference of the zero sequence current variable quantities.
The amplitude of the zero-sequence current variable quantity of the adjacent switch at the upstream of the fault point of the fault line is close to that of the adjacent switch at the upstream of the fault point, and the difference between the amplitude of the zero-sequence current variable quantity of the switch at the upstream of the fault point and the amplitude of the zero-sequence current variable quantity of the switch at the downstream of the fault point is larger, so that fault location is carried out.
The method can obtain that the variation of the zero sequence current of the fault line and the fault point upstream of the fault line is the largest after a certain line is cut off in the fault, the zero sequence current of the cut line is not equal to 0 and the variation is the largest, and the fault interval is the fault interval with the larger difference of the variation of the zero sequence current amplitude of the fault line switch.
Further, the fault point positioning method in the single-phase earth fault of the invention further comprises the step of verifying whether the fault line judgment is correct:
after the detection device delays for a time period of t2, the circuit reclosing operation is executed, and all circuits recover power supply; and (4) shutting off the judged true fault line, and if the fault disappears, indicating that the fault line is judged correctly.
And switching off the judged fault line, and if the fault disappears, indicating that the fault line is judged correctly.
Further, the fault point positioning method in the single-phase earth fault of the invention also includes the step of verifying whether the fault line is recovered to normal: after the fault line is overhauled and the switch delays for a time period of t2, executing reclosing operation of the fault line; and after reclosing, if the earth fault does not reappear, the earth fault is recovered to be normal.
The validity of the above method of the invention is verified below with reference to specific test data:
as shown in fig. 3, it is assumed that the power supply system has 3 feeder lines L1, L2, and L3. The bus bar is connected with 3 feeder lines simultaneously. # L1, # L2, and # L3 are outlet switches of the lines L1, L2, and L3, respectively. # L32 and # L33 are switches on line 3 other than the egress switch. The line adopts an overhead line model, the neutral point adopts an arc suppression coil grounding mode, a single-phase grounding fault is set to occur on the line L3, the transition resistance of the fault point is 10O ohm, the initial phase angle of the fault is 90 degrees, and the validity of the method is verified.
The single-phase earth fault occurs in 0.02 second, the line L1 is cut off in 0.16 second, the zero sequence current of the fault line is seen to be changed greatly, and the change of the zero sequence current of the other non-fault line L2 and the fault line after the fault point is basically kept unchanged.
According to the process shown in FIG. 2, the zero sequence voltage U of the bus is collected 0 If U is present O ＞U set (wherein U is set Set starting value), the device is started, and the amplitude of the zero sequence current of each line outlet switch # L1, # L2, # L3 is collected: i is 0L1 ＝4.08A,I 0L2 ＝4.08A，I 0L3 =1.08A. Collecting zero sequence current amplitudes of other switches except the outlet switch: i is 0L32 ＝1.07A，I 0L33 =1.03A. The line selection device selects the line L1 as a fault line in the first line selection, and cuts off the line L1. Collecting zero sequence of each circuit after cutting off circuit 1Amplitude of the current I 0L1 * ＝0A，I 0L2 * ＝4.08A，I 0L3 * =4.9A, and zero sequence current variation Δ I of each line 0L1 ＝|-4.08A|＝4.08A，ΔI 0L2 ＝0A，ΔI 0L3 =3.82A, selection I 0L3 * =4.9A ≠ 0 and Δ I 0L3 The line L3 with the largest variation of =3.82A is a faulty line.
Calculating the zero sequence current amplitude I of the switches # L3, # L32, # L33 on the fault line L3 0L3 * ＝4.9A，I 0L32 * ＝4.9A，I 0L33 * =1.02A, and zero sequence current variation Δ I of faulty line switch 0L3 ＝3.82A，ΔI 0L32 ＝3.83A，ΔI 0L33 =0.01A | =0.01A. The switches on the L3 line of the fault line are adjacently compared, the fault interval is the maximum difference of the zero sequence current variable quantity, and the zero sequence current variable quantity delta I of the switch # L32 0L32 Change Δ I of zero-sequence current of 3.83A and switch # L33 0L33 The difference between = | -0.01A | =0.01A is the largest, and the fault section is between switch # L32 and switch # L33.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature may be "on" the second feature in direct contact with the second feature, or the first and second features may be in indirect contact via an intermediate. "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The above description is for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the invention shall fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fault point positioning method in single-phase earth fault is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after the ground fault occurs, acquiring the zero sequence current of each switch on each line;
acquiring a primary fault line;
disconnecting the primary fault line, judging whether the primary fault line is a real fault line, and executing the following steps when the primary fault line is not the real fault line;
collecting zero sequence current of each switch on each line again;
calculating the zero-sequence current variation of the outlet switch of each line before and after the primary selection fault line is turned off, and determining a real fault line according to the zero-sequence current variation of the outlet switch; the step of determining the true fault line according to the zero sequence current variation of the outlet switch comprises the following steps: delta I 0i ＝|I 0i * -I 0i I, I represents the line number, 0 is the number of the outlet switch, I 0i For switching off zero-sequence current of outlet switch of ith line before primary fault line, I 0i * For switching off the zero-sequence current, Δ I, of the outlet switch of the ith line after the primary selection of the faulty line 0i Representing the zero sequence current variation of the outlet switch of the ith line; if I 0i * Not equal to 0, and Δ I 0i If the amplitude of the fault line is maximum, the ith line is a real fault line;
and determining a fault interval according to the real zero sequence current variable quantity of each switch on the fault line.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for determining whether the earth fault occurs comprises: setting a zero sequence voltage starting value; and when the zero sequence voltage of the bus is greater than the zero sequence voltage starting value, indicating that the ground fault exists.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fault point locating method in the single-phase earth fault is characterized in that the method for disconnecting the primarily selected fault line comprises the following steps: and the detection device sends a tripping command to the initially selected fault line.
4. A method for locating a fault point in a single-phase earth fault as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the detecting means is configured with a trip delay time t1, and after a delay time period of t1, a trip command is sent to the initially selected faulty line.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the determining whether the initially selected faulty wire is a real faulty wire comprises:
and after the primary selection fault line is disconnected, judging whether the ground fault disappears, if the ground fault does not disappear, judging that the primary selection fault line is not a real fault line, otherwise, judging that the primary selection fault line is a real fault line.
6. Method for locating a fault point in a single-phase earth fault according to claim 1, characterized in that the fault interval is determined according to the zero sequence current variation of each switch on the true fault line: and sequentially comparing the zero sequence current variable quantities of two adjacent switches on the real fault line, wherein the two adjacent switches with the maximum difference of the zero sequence current variable quantities are in a fault interval.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of verifying whether the true fault line is correctly determined:
after the detection device delays for a time period of t2, the circuit reclosing operation is executed, and all circuits recover to supply power; and (4) shutting off the judged true fault line, and if the fault disappears, indicating that the fault line is judged correctly.
8. Method for localization of fault points in a single-phase earth fault according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the step of verifying whether an earth fault is restored to normal: after the fault line is overhauled and the switch delays for a time period of t2, executing reclosing operation of the fault line; and after reclosing, if the earth fault does not reappear, the earth fault is recovered to be normal.
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| CN114825309A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-07-29 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Line protection method for power distribution network flexible grounding system and related equipment |
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