CN113482596B - Real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on LWD while-drilling instrument - Google Patents
Real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on LWD while-drilling instrument Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Abstract
The invention provides a real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on an LWD while-drilling instrument, which relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, and comprises the following steps of firstly carrying out depth complementation on well deviation and azimuth data (depthmwd, inc, azm) and gamma data (depthgr, GR) of all measurement points, secondly carrying out equidistant D interpolation on the depthmwd, and then calculating each depthmwd point (depthmwd) d_m ，tvd d_m ，ew d_m ，ns d_m ) And finally, calculating updated data and rendering images to complete real-time three-dimensional imaging, wherein the real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on the LWD while-drilling instrument can enable the formation gamma characteristics measured by the while-drilling azimuth logging instrument in the LWD to be represented in a three-dimensional form, thereby being beneficial to on-site geosteering engineers to more intuitively observe the formation gamma characteristics and making accurate decisions for geosteering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, in particular to a real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on an LWD while-drilling instrument.
Background
In recent years, with the advent of offshore and unconventional oil and gas resource development times, highly deviated and horizontal well technologies have also been vigorously developed, with logging while drilling technology (LWD Logging While Drilling) being inexpensible. LWD is a more functional and structurally complex measurement while drilling technique developed on the basis of measurement while drilling technique (MWD Measuring While Drilling). The method mainly comprises the projects of MWD, azimuth natural gamma logging, neutron density logging and the like.
Azimuth gamma logging is one of the indispensable projects of logging while drilling technology in petroleum and gas exploration, and real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging can be realized by combining drill bit track information measured by MWD. The real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging can intuitively observe the change of the well wall when drilling around the well body and the condition of the drilling meeting the stratum, thereby effectively controlling the landing and the trend of the well track. In the past, the drilling track represented by a line is not used for carrying out three-dimensional modeling on a 'shaft', and roaming observation on formations in the shaft can not be realized, so that the practical requirements of geosteering while drilling are quite different.
Currently, LWD (gamma-containing) instruments used in various large oil fields mainly include the following aspects, in which the MWD (Measure While Drilling) instrument measures azimuth information of a drill bit, and the azimuth gamma-logging instrument (nipple) measures gamma characteristics of a formation. Generally, the azimuth gamma measurement nipple is closer to the drill bit than the well deviation of the measurement drill bit and the azimuth MWD nipple, which are different by about 8 meters, namely, a blind area exists. In addition, because the LWD measured well deviation and azimuth have lower frequency, the inflection point, namely the phenomenon of unsmooth well bore, can appear when the well bore track is drawn in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on an LWD while-drilling instrument, which solves the problems that an azimuth gamma measurement nipple is closer to a drill bit than a well deviation of the measurement drill bit and an azimuth MWD nipple, the two are about 8 meters different, a blind area exists, an inflection point appears when a borehole track is drawn in real time, and the phenomenon of borehole smoothness exists.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on LWD while-drilling instrument, wherein in LWD actual measurement, real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data comprise well depth (md), well deviation (inc), azimuth (azm) and GR i (GR is expressed as formation gamma characteristics measured by an azimuthal gamma nipple) =1, 2..n, n represents the number of sectors measured maximum for azimuthal gamma logging, n is typically 2,4,8, 16;
where md represents the depth of the well when the instrument is downholeIn doing so, the depth at which the instrument is considered to be md; inc represents the well inclination, azm represents the well azimuth, generally expressed as (depthmwd, inc, azm), where depthmwd = md-zero length (well inclination, azimuth); GR is denoted as azimuthal gamma nipple measured formation gamma characteristics, wherein the data is denoted (depthgr, GR i ) Wherein depthgr = md-zero length (GR); the LWD measures the well deviation and azimuth at a frequency much less than the frequency at which the gamma characteristic of the formation is measured;
before three-dimensional gamma imaging is achieved, a field engineer will give joint points, mainly including depthmwd ti 、inc ti 、azm ti 、tvd ti 、ns ti Sum ew ti Six parameters, where depthmwd ti Well depth, inc, expressed as joint point ti Expressed as joint point well deviation, azm ti Represents the orientation of the joint point tvd ti Representing the vertical depth, ns, of the joint point ti Representing the north-south shift of the joint point, ew ti Representing the east-west displacement of the joint point;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, in LWD instruments, the azimuth gamma-measured nipple is closer to the drill bit than the inclinations and azimuth measured nipple, so that the measured bit is measured at the current (depthgr, GR i ) Greater than the depth of (depthmwd, inc, azm), i.e. depthgr is greater than depthmwd; in order to make the measured (depthgr-depthmwd, GR i ) The gamma values of the range are matched with the well deviation and the azimuth, and the well deviation and the azimuth of all measurement points are in a data format (depthmwd) which is required to be supplemented by (depthgr-depthmwd, inc, azm) ti ，inc ti ，azm ti )，(depthmwd 1 ，inc 1 ，azm 1 )，(depthmwd 2 ，inc 2 ，azm 2 )，……(depthmwd k ，inc k ，azm k )，(depthgr，inc k ，amz k ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the formula (depthmwd) ti ，inc ti ，azm ti ) This junction point (depthgr) last ，inc k ，amz k ) Gamma complement points, depthgrr last The depth of the last measurement gamma is the measurement point sequence number k;
step 2, carrying out equidistant D interpolation on the depthmwd;
step 2.1 according to (depthmwd ti ，inc ti ，azm ti )，(depthmwd 1 ，inc 1 ，azm 1 )，(depthmwd 2 ，inc 2 ，azm 2 )，……(depthmwd k ，inc k ，azm k )，(depthgrr last ，inc k ，amz k ) Equidistant D interpolation of depthmwd, d=0.1 m, and depthmwd using a natural parameter interpolation model (interpolated well deviation rate and azimuth rate of change fractional hold constant) ti And depthgr last Reserving a bit fraction, and dividing into several equal parts with a layering interval of 0.1m, which is expressed as depthmwd d_1 ，depthmwd d_2 ，……，depthmwd d_m A serial number of the number represented by m;
step 2.2, calculating depthmwd d_1 ，depthmwd d_2 ，……，depthmwd d_m In and azm, in particular, calculate depthmwd d_m At (depthmwd) ti ，inc ti ，azm ti )，(depthmwd 1 ，inc 1 ，azm 1 )，(depthmwd 2 ，inc 2 ，azm 2 )，……(depthmwd k ，inc k ，azm k )，(depthgrr last ，inc k ，amz k ) Two adjacent depth points, which are (depthmwd n ，inc n ，azm n )，(depthmwd n+1 ，inc n+1 ，azm n+1 ) Then depthmwd d_m Point well inclination inc d_m ，azm d_m In order to achieve this, the first and second,
wherein depthmwd d_m Point well inclination inc d_m ，azm d_m Formula (1) canTo obtain all points (depthmwd d_1 ，inc d_1 ，azm d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，inc d_2 ，azm d_2 )，……，(depthmwd d_m ，inc d_m ，azm d_m )；
Step 3, calculating each measurement point (depthmwd d_m ，tvd d_m ，ns d_m ，ew d_m )；
Step 3.1, data calculated in step 2 (depthmwd d_1 ，inc d_1 ，azm d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，inc d_2 ，azm d_2 )，……，(depthmwd d_m ，inc d_m ，azm d_m ) Tvd, ns, ew can be calculated for each point, and the currently measured points tvd, ns2 and ew2 can be calculated from the instrument measured at the current point (depthmwd 2, inc2, azm 2), as follows,
wherein:
γ＝arccos[cos(inc1)cos(inc2)+sin(inc1)sin(inc2）cos(azm2-azm1)]
ΔL＝depthmwd2-depthmwd1
in the above formula, depthmwd1, inc1, azm1, tvd1, ns1, ew1 are respectively expressed as the depth measurement, well deviation, azimuth, vertical depth, north-south displacement and east-west displacement of the last measured point;
step 3.2, the following data (depthmwd) can be obtained by cyclic calculation ti ，tvd ti ，ns ti ，ew ti )，(depthmwd d_1 ，tvd d_1 ，ns d_1 ，ew d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，tvd d_2 ，ns d_2 ，ew d_2 )，......，(depthmwd d_m ，tvd d_m ，ns d_m ，ew d_m )；
Step 4, rendering and calculating updated data and images to complete real-time imaging;
step 4.1 in order for the three-dimensional gamma imaging to have real-time functionality, the amount of data rendered at one time should not be excessive, so the calculated (depthmwd, tvd, ns, ew) and (depthgr, GR) i ) Matching, wherein only updated data is rendered each time;
step 4.2, respectively taking out the depth depthmwd which is newly measured by the well deviation azimuth k Depth depthgr and the latest measurement point of formation gamma GR last And is at (depthmwd) ti ，tvd ti ，ns ti ，ew ti )，(depthmwd d_1 ，tvd d_1 ，ns d_1 ，ew d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，tvd d_2 ，ns d_2 ，ew d_2 )，......，(depthmwd d_m ，tvd d_m ，ns d_m ，ew d_m ) And (depthgr, GR) i ) Find depth of [ depthmwd ] k ，depthgr last ]Data within the interval, this portion of data being used to render the image.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on an LWD while-drilling instrument. The beneficial effects are as follows:
the real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on the LWD while-drilling instrument solves the problem of a distance blind zone between the MWD and the gamma nipple in LWD measured data, and compared with the previous method, the method can enable a field engineer to accurately judge the position of the blind zone. In addition, the drawn real-time three-dimensional borehole trajectory has no inflection point, and the actual shape of the borehole is restored more truly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional gamma borehole imaging map of measured data after processing raw data in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional gamma borehole imaging map of raw measurement data.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on an LWD while-drilling instrument, as shown in figures 1-2, in the LWD actual measurement, the real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data comprise well depth (md), well deviation (inc), azimuth (azm) and GR i (GR is expressed as formation gamma characteristics measured by an azimuthal gamma nipple) =1, 2..n, n represents the number of sectors measured maximum for azimuthal gamma logging, n is typically 2,4,8, 16;
where md represents the depth of the well, when the instrument is operated downhole, the instrument can be considered to be at md; inc represents the well inclination, azm represents the well azimuth, generally expressed as (depthmwd, inc, azm), where depthmwd = md-zero length (well inclination, azimuth); GR is denoted as azimuthal gamma nipple measured formation gamma characteristics, wherein the data is denoted (depthgr, GR i ) Wherein depthgr = md-zero length (GR); the LWD measures the well deviation and azimuth at a frequency much less than the frequency at which the gamma characteristic of the formation is measured;
before three-dimensional gamma imaging is achieved, a field engineer will give joint points, mainly including depthmwd ti 、inc ti 、azm ti 、tvd ti 、ns ti Sum ew ti Six parameters, where depthmwd ti Well depth, inc, expressed as joint point ti Expressed as joint point well deviation, azm ti Represents the orientation of the joint point tvd ti Representing the vertical depth, ns, of the joint point ti Representing the north-south shift of the joint point, ew ti Representing the east-west displacement of the joint point;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, in LWD instruments, the azimuth gamma-measured nipple is closer to the drill bit than the inclinations and azimuth measured nipple, so that the measured bit is measured at the current (depthgr, GR i ) Greater than the depth of (depthmwd, inc, azm), i.e. depthgr is greater than depthmwd; in order to make the measured (depthgr-depthmwd, GR i ) The gamma values of the range are matched with the well deviation and the azimuth, and the well deviation and the azimuth of all measurement points are in a data format (depthmwd) which is required to be supplemented by (depthgr-depthmwd, inc, azm) ti ，inc ti ，azm ti )，(depthmwd 1 ，inc 1 ，azm 1 )，(depthmwd 2 ，inc 2 ，azm 2 )，……(depthmwd k ，inc k ，azm k )，(depthgr，inc k ，amz k ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the formula (depthmwd) ti ，inc ti ，azm ti ) This junction point (depthgr) last ，inc k ，amz k ) Gamma complement points, depthgrr last The depth of the last measurement gamma is the measurement point sequence number k;
step 2, carrying out equidistant D interpolation on the depthmwd;
step 2.1 according to (depthmwd ti ，inc ti ，azm ti )，(depthmwd 1 ，inc 1 ，azm 1 )，(depthmwd 2 ，inc 2 ，azm 2 )，……(depthmwd k ，inc k ，azm k )，(depthgrr last ，inc k ，amz k ) Equidistant D interpolation of depthmwd, d=0.1 m, and depthmwd using a natural parameter interpolation model (interpolated well deviation rate and azimuth rate of change fractional hold constant) ti And depthgr last Reserving a bit fraction, and dividing into several equal parts with a layering interval of 0.1m, which is expressed as depthmwd d_1 ，depthmwd d_2 ，……，depthmwd d_m A serial number of the number represented by m;
step 2.2, calculating depthmwd d_1 ，depthmwd d_2 ，……，depthmwd d_m In and azm, in particular, calculate depthmwd d_m At (depthmwd) ti ，inc ti ，azm ti )，(depthmwd 1 ，inc 1 ，azm 1 )，(depthmwd 2 ，inc 2 ，azm 2 )，……(depthmwd k ，inc k ，azm k )，(depthgrr last ，inc k ，amz k ) Two adjacent depth points, which are (depthmwd n ，inc n ，azm n )，(depthmwd n+1 ，inc n+1 ，azm n+1 ) Then depthmwd d_m Point well inclination inc d_m ，azm d_m In order to achieve this, the first and second,
wherein depthmwd d_m Point well inclination inc d_m ，azm d_m The formula can get all points (depthmwd d_1 ，inc d_1 ，azm d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，inc d_2 ，azm d_2 )，……，(depthmwd d_m ，inc d_m ，azm d_m )；
Step 3, calculating each measurement point (depthmwd d_m ，tvd d_m ，ns d_m ，ew d_m )；
Step 3.1, data calculated in step 2 (depthmwd d_1 ，inc d_1 ，azm d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，inc d_2 ，azm d_2 )，……，(depthmwd d_m ，inc d_m ，azm d_m ) Tvd, ns, ew can be calculated for each point, and the currently measured points tvd, ns2 and ew2 can be calculated from the instrument measured at the current point (depthmwd 2, inc2, azm 2), as follows,
wherein:
r＝arccos[cos(inc1)cos(inc2)+sin(inc1)sin(inc2)cos(azm2-azm1)]
ΔL＝depthmwd2-depthmwd1
in the above formula, depthmwd1, inc1, azm1, tvd1, ns1, ew1 are respectively expressed as the depth measurement, well deviation, azimuth, vertical depth, north-south displacement and east-west displacement of the last measured point;
step 3.2, the following data (depthmwd) can be obtained by cyclic calculation ti ，tvd ti ，ns ti ，ew ti )，(depthmwd d_1 ，tvd d_1 ，ns d_1 ，ew d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，tvd d_2 ，ns d_2 ，ew d_2 )，......，(depthmwd d_m ，tvd d_m ，ns d_m ，ew d_m )；
Step 4, rendering and calculating updated data and images to complete real-time imaging;
step 4.1 in order for the three-dimensional gamma imaging to have real-time functionality, the amount of data rendered at one time should not be excessive, so the calculated (depthmwd, tvd, ns, ew) and (depthgr, GR) i ) Matching, wherein only updated data is rendered each time;
step 4.2, respectively taking out the depth depthmwd which is newly measured by the well deviation azimuth k Depth depthgr and the latest measurement point of formation gamma GR last And is at (depthmwd) ti ，tvd ti ，ns ti ，ew ti )，(depthmwd d_1 ，tvd d_1 ，ns d_1 ，ew d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，tvd d_2 ，ns d_2 ，ew d_2 )，......，(depthmwd d_ m，tvd d_m ，ns d_m ，ew d_m ) And (depthgr, GR) i ) Find depth of [ depthmwd ] k ，depthgr last ]Data within the interval, this portion of data being used to render the image.
According to the invention, the LWD measurement while drilling real-time data is calculated and processed, and finally real-time imaging is performed. The following two tables are attached, and the data blind area is effectively eliminated and the smoothness of drawing the well track curve is improved by using the data processing method.
Table 1 measurement points well depth, well deviation, azimuth data
| Sequence number | Depth of | Well inclination | Azimuth of | Sequence number | Depth of | Well inclination | Azimuth of |
| 1 | 3143.99 | 80.45 | 12.08 | 24 | 3794.01 | 82.02 | 7.6 |
| 2 | 3172.69 | 80.6 | 12.08 | 24 | 3818.9 | 82.77 | 7.69 |
| 3 | 3199.82 | 80.7 | 13.3 | 24 | 3851.62 | 83.47 | 8.13 |
| 4 | 3228.86 | 79.7 | 13.5 | 24 | 3880.65 | 84 | 8.48 |
| 5 | 3257.47 | 81.7 | 10.6 | 24 | 3908.8 | 82.86 | 8.83 |
| 6 | 3287.4 | 79.3 | 10.8 | 24 | 3936.45 | 82.46 | 8.48 |
| 7 | 3316 | 75.69 | 10.8 | 24 | 3967.62 | 81.67 | 8.74 |
| 8 | 3344.41 | 76.5 | 10.8 | 24 | 3996.3 | 81.49 | 8.92 |
| 9 | 3373.28 | 78.9 | 9.5 | 24 | 4024.91 | 82.33 | 9.45 |
| 10 | 3402.05 | 79.2 | 10.3 | 24 | 4052.08 | 80.97 | 9.27 |
| 11 | 3402.05 | 79.2 | 10.3 | 24 | 4081.62 | 80.35 | 8.74 |
| 12 | 3431.78 | 80.18 | 11.13 | 24 | 4110.41 | 80.84 | 10.06 |
| 13 | 3459.01 | 84.09 | 10.69 | 24 | 4138.5 | 82.11 | 10.06 |
| 14 | 3488.46 | 82.46 | 10.6 | 24 | 4165.91 | 84.53 | 9.45 |
| 15 | 3517.01 | 82.2 | 9.46 | 24 | 4195.54 | 85.05 | 9.97 |
| 16 | 3544.84 | 82.24 | 9.28 | 24 | 4225.39 | 82.99 | 9.8 |
| 17 | 3573.63 | 82.02 | 7.52 | 24 | 4253.85 | 83.16 | 10.32 |
| 18 | 3602.28 | 83.25 | 9.87 | 24 | 4282.42 | 83.74 | 10.59 |
| 19 | 3632.18 | 82.99 | 9.52 | 24 | 4310.46 | 84.53 | 10.94 |
| 20 | 3660.46 | 81.63 | 7.69 | 24 | 4338.86 | 83.82 | 11.03 |
| 21 | 3689.92 | 81.1 | 7.25 | 24 | 4366.96 | 82.33 | 10.85 |
| 22 | 3736.26 | 81.93 | 7.6 | 24 | 4425.36 | 81.32 | 10.76 |
| 23 | 3765.48 | 82.11 | 7.69 |
TABLE 2 measurement of azimuthal gamma data
The data from tables 1 and 2 are from the raw measurements of Table 1 above, taken at some point in the actual operation of LWD
| Sequence number | Depth of | Upper gamma | Lower gamma | Left gamma | Right gamma |
| 1 | 3158.2 | 77.94 | 76.81 | 72.65 | 73.97 |
| 2 | 3158.3 | 76.77 | 75.39 | 76.58 | 72.06 |
| 3 | 3158.4 | 79.69 | 74.04 | 75.81 | 72.75 |
| 4 | 3158.5 | 84.36 | 72.73 | 73.01 | 74.55 |
| 5 | 3158.6 | 89.03 | 71.41 | 70.22 | 76.35 |
| 6 | 3158.7 | 93.7 | 70.09 | 67.42 | 78.15 |
| 7 | 3158.8 | 96.7 | 72.59 | 68.37 | 76.35 |
| 8 | 3158.9 | 96.54 | 77.78 | 70.4 | 73.59 |
| 9 | 3159 | 95.33 | 83.43 | 72.21 | 71.07 |
| 10 | 3159.1 | 94.11 | 89.08 | 74.01 | 68.55 |
| …… | …… | …… | …… | …… | …… |
| 12731 | 4431.3 | 78.8 | 82.12 | 81.89 | 76.17 |
| 12731 | 4431.4 | 78.88 | 82.18 | 82.27 | 76.4 |
| 12731 | 4431.5 | 78.96 | 82.24 | 82.66 | 76.63 |
| 12731 | 4431.6 | 79.03 | 82.3 | 83.04 | 76.86 |
| 12731 | 4431.7 | 79.11 | 82.36 | 83.42 | 77.09 |
| 12731 | 4431.8 | 79.19 | 82.43 | 83.8 | 77.32 |
| 12731 | 4431.9 | 79.26 | 82.49 | 84.18 | 77.55 |
| 12731 | 4432 | 79.34 | 82.55 | 84.56 | 77.78 |
| 12731 | 4432.1 | 79.42 | 82.61 | 84.94 | 78.01 |
| 12731 | 4432.2 | 79.49 | 82.67 | 85.32 | 78.24 |
| 44323 | 4432.3 | 79.57 | 82.73 | 85.7 | 78.48 |
| 44324 | 4432.4 | 79.65 | 82.8 | 86.08 | 78.71 |
The data can be seen that the original data depth sampling points are larger in interval, the LWD measured well deviation and azimuth frequency are lower, the inflection point can appear when the borehole track is drawn in real time, namely, the phenomenon of unsmooth borehole is caused, and the measurement has a dead zone due to the structural reason of an instrument.
As can be seen from comparison of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the method for real-time processing of LWD measurement while drilling raw data effectively eliminates inflection points appearing in drawing a borehole track, so that the borehole track becomes smooth and a blind area existing during measurement is covered. Therefore, the method provided by the invention can meet the requirement of effective engineering application.
Working principle: in use, firstly, the data (depthgr-depthmwd, inc, azm) of the well deviation and the azimuth of all the measuring points are complemented, secondly, the depthmwd is subjected to equidistant D interpolation, and then each measuring point (depthmwd) is calculated d_m ，tvd d_m ，ns d_m ，ew d_m ) And finally, calculating updated data and rendering images to complete real-time three-dimensional imaging.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data processing method based on an LWD while-drilling instrument is characterized in that in LWD actual measurement, real-time three-dimensional gamma imaging data comprise well depth (md), well deviation (inc), azimuth (azm) and GR i (GR is expressed as formation gamma characteristics measured by an azimuthal gamma nipple) =1, 2..n, n represents the number of sectors measured maximum for azimuthal gamma logging, n is typically 2,4,8, 16;
where md represents the depth of the well, when the instrument is operated downhole, the instrument can be considered to be at md; inc represents the well inclination, azm represents the well azimuth, generally expressed as (depthmwd, inc, azm), where depthmwd = md-zero length (well inclination, azimuth); GR is denoted as azimuthal gamma nipple measured formation gamma characteristics, wherein the data is denoted (depthgr, GR i ) Wherein depthgr = md-zero length (GR); the LWD measures the well deviation and azimuth at a frequency much less than the frequency at which the gamma characteristic of the formation is measured;
before three-dimensional gamma imaging is achieved, a field engineer will give joint points, mainly including depthmwd ti 、inc ti 、azm ti 、tvd ti 、ns ti Sum ew ti Six parameters, where depthmwd ti Well depth, inc, expressed as joint point ti Expressed as joint point well deviation, azm ti Represents the orientation of the joint point tvd ti Representing the vertical depth, ns, of the joint point ti Representing the north-south shift of the joint point, ew ti Representing the east-west displacement of the joint point;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, in LWD instruments, the azimuth gamma-measured nipple is closer to the drill bit than the inclinations and azimuth measured nipple, so that the measured bit is measured at the current (depthgr, GR i ) Greater than the depth of (depthmwd, inc, azm), i.e. depthgr is greater than depthmwd; in order to make the measured (depthgr, GR i ) The gamma values of the range are matched with the well deviation and the azimuth, and the well deviation and the azimuth of all measurement points are in a data format (depthmwd) which is required to be supplemented by (depthmwd, inc, azm) ti ，inc ti ，azm ti )，(depthmwd 1 ，inc 1 ，azm 1 )，(depthmwd 2 ，inc 2 ，azm 2 )，……(depthmwd k ，inc k ，azm k )，(depthgr，inc k ，amz k ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the formula (depthmwd) ti ，inc ti ，azm ti ) This junction point (depthgr) last ，inc k ，amz k ) Gamma complement points, depthgrr last The depth of the last measurement gamma is the measurement point sequence number k;
step 2, carrying out equidistant D interpolation on the depthmwd;
step 2.1 according to (depthmwd ti ，inc ti ，azm ti )，(depthmwd 1 ，inc 1 ，azm 1 )，(depthmwd 2 ，inc 2 ，azm 2 )，……(depthmwd k ，inc k ，azm k )，(depthgrr last ，inc k ，amz k ) Equidistant D interpolation of depthmwd, d=0.1 m, and depthmwd using a natural parameter interpolation model (interpolated well deviation rate and azimuth rate of change fractional hold constant) ti And depthgr last Reserving a bit fraction, and dividing into several equal parts with a layering interval of 0.1m, which is expressed as depthmwd d_1 ，depthmwd d_2 ，……，depthmwd d_m A serial number of the number represented by m;
step 2.2, calculating depthmwd d_1 ，depthmwd d_2 ，……，depthmwd d_m In and azm, in particular, calculate depthmwd d_m At (depthmwd) ti ，inc ti ，azm ti )，(depthmwd 1 ，inc 1 ，azm 1 )，(depthmwd 2 ，inc 2 ，azm 2 )，……(depthmwd k ，inc k ，azm k )，(depthgrr last ，inc k ，amz k ) Two adjacent depth points, which are (depthmwd n ，inc n ，azm n )，(depthmwd n+1 ，inc n+1 ，azm n+1 ) Then depthmwd d_m Point well inclination inc d_m ，azm d_m In order to achieve this, the first and second,
wherein depthmwd d_m Point well inclination inc d_m ，azm d_m The formula can get all points (depthmwd d_1 ，inc d_1 ，azm d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，inc d_2 ，azm d_2 )，……，(depthmwd d_m ，inc d_m ，azm d_m )；
Step 3, calculating each measurement point (depthmwd d_m ，tvd d_m ，ns d_m ，ew d_m )；
Step 3.1, data calculated in step 2 (depthmwd d_1 ，inc d_1 ，azm d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，inc d_2 ，azm d_2 )，……，(depthmwd d_m ，inc d_m ，azm d_m ) Each can be calculatedThe points tvd, ns, ew, the points tvd, ns2 and ew2 currently measured can be calculated from the instrument measured at the current point (depthmwd 2, inc2, azm 2), as follows,
wherein:
γ＝arccos[cos(inc1)cos(inc2)+sin(iHc1)sin(inc2)cos(azm2-azm1)]
ΔL＝depthmwd2-depthmwd1
in the above formula, depthmwd1, inc1, azm1, tvd1, ns1, ew1 are respectively expressed as the depth measurement, well deviation, azimuth, vertical depth, north-south displacement and east-west displacement of the last measured point;
step 3.2, the following data (depthmwd) can be obtained by cyclic calculation ti ，tvd ti ，ns ti ，ew ti )，(depthmwd d_1 ，tvd d_1 ，ns d_1 ，ew d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，tvd d_2 ，ns d_2 ，ew d_2 )，……，(depthmwd d_m ，tvd d_m ，ns d_m ，ew d_m )；
Step 4, rendering and calculating updated data and images to complete real-time imaging;
step 4.1 in order for the three-dimensional gamma imaging to have real-time functionality, the amount of data rendered at one time should not be excessive, so the calculated (depthmwd, tvd, ns, ew) and (depthgr, GR) i ) Matching, wherein only updated data is rendered each time;
step 4.2, respectively taking out the well deviation orientationsDepth depthmwd of the latest measurement k Depth depthgr and the latest measurement point of formation gamma GR last And is at (depthmwd) ti ，tvd ti ，ns ti ，ew ti )，(depthmwd d_1 ，tvd d_1 ，ns d_1 ，ew d_1 )，(depthmwd d_2 ，tvd d_2 ，ns d_2 ，ew d_2 )，……，(depthmwd d_m ，tvd d_m ，ns d_m ，ew d_m ) And (depthgr, GR) i ) Find depth of [ depthmwd ] k ,depthgr last ]Data within the interval, this portion of data being used to render the image.
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