CN113481537A - Nickel-based compound @ MoS2Preparation and application of core-shell nano material - Google Patents

Nickel-based compound @ MoS2Preparation and application of core-shell nano material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113481537A
CN113481537A CN202110846981.1A CN202110846981A CN113481537A CN 113481537 A CN113481537 A CN 113481537A CN 202110846981 A CN202110846981 A CN 202110846981A CN 113481537 A CN113481537 A CN 113481537A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
nickel
mos
core
based compound
shell nano
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202110846981.1A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN113481537B (en
Inventor
庞海军
胡素敏
马慧媛
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Harbin University of Science and Technology
Original Assignee
Harbin University of Science and Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Harbin University of Science and Technology filed Critical Harbin University of Science and Technology
Priority to CN202110846981.1A priority Critical patent/CN113481537B/en
Publication of CN113481537A publication Critical patent/CN113481537A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN113481537B publication Critical patent/CN113481537B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
    • C25B11/031Porous electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a nickel-based compound @ MoS in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution2Preparation and application of core-shell nano material. The invention aims to solve the problems of rare raw material storage, high overpotential of hydrogen evolution reaction and high cost of the prior art for synthesizing the high-performance electrocatalyst. The patent designs and develops a nickel-based compound @ MoS2A core-shell nano material. The adopted method comprises the following steps: the Keggin type polyacid cobalt molybdenum dodecaoxide, selenium powder, foamed nickel and thioacetamide are used as raw materials, and a two-step hydrothermal synthesis method is adopted to prepare the nickel-based compound @ MoS2The core-shell nano material is suitable for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte and has the characteristics of low hydrogen evolution overpotential and high catalytic hydrogen production activity.

Description

Nickel-based compound @ MoS2Preparation and application of core-shell nano material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, in particular to a nickel-based compound @ MoS2Preparation of core-shell nano material
Background
With the urgent need of the development of society for energy demand and the gradual exhaustion of fossil fuels, the ecological-friendly and sustainable hydrogen energy has attracted great attention. The electrocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen is a clean, simple and reproducible way capable of effectively relieving the energy demand. At present, the traditional and excellent electro-catalyst is based on a noble metal material, the catalytic activity of the noble metal Pt is strong, the electro-catalyst is concerned in the field of hydrogen evolution by electro-catalysis, but the application market of the electro-catalyst is limited by the rarity and the expensive price of the electro-catalyst. The polyacid has good redox ability and can reversibly accept and release one or more electrons. The electrochemical reaction is just generated by electron transfer, so that the electrochemical reaction can be used as an electrocatalyst. The polyacid is a polyacid inorganic-organic hybrid compound which can be combined with an organic system through covalent bonds and can replace @ doped with other elements to form a heteropoly acid nanocluster, so that the properties of the polyacid, such as electrochemistry and the like, can be adjusted to a certain extent. Furthermore, combining the polyacid with other substances by some means into a composite material is also a means to adjust the properties of the polyacid itself. And nickel foam is a highly conductive material having a three-dimensional porous structure. Therefore, the preparation of high activity, high stability and conductivity multi-metal composite materials from polyacids is a promising and meaningful work.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of high price, poor stability and poor conductivity of polyacid used as a raw material and the like of the traditional electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution catalyst, the invention provides a method with simple preparation and low price, and a nickel-based compound @ MoS is prepared2The core-shell nano material as an electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution catalyst material has the advantages of higher specific surface area, higher electrocatalytic performance, good stability and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
nickel-based compound @ MoS2The preparation of the core-shell nano material comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting NF (foam nickel) to about 1x1.5cm2The rectangular square blocks are sequentially subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30min by acetone, ethanol and deionized water, the foam nickel is repeatedly washed by the deionized water, and the rectangular square blocks are placed in an oven to be dried overnight at 80 ℃ for later use.
(2) Adding 0.05g of selenium powder into a polytetrafluoroethylene liner of a high-pressure reaction kettle with the volume of 25ml, then sequentially adding 3ml of deionized water and 2ml of ethylenediamine, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10min to uniformly mix, adding 2 pieces of cleaned NF, and stirring for 10 min. Sealing, placing the reaction kettle into an electrothermal blowing dry box at 180 ℃ for heat preservation for 3h, taking out, and cleaning with deionized waterThen drying in a drying oven at room temperature for 6h to obtain dendriform Ni3Se2A front structure.
(3) 0.15g of cobalt molybdenum dodecanoic acid and 0.3g of thioacetamide are weighed and dissolved in 10ml of deionized water, stirred for 5min at room temperature, injected into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining with the volume of 25ml, and then placed into two pieces of treated NF. And (3) after sealing, putting the reaction kettle into an electric heating air blowing drying oven at 140 ℃ for heat preservation for 20h, taking out, washing with deionized water, and then putting into a drying oven at 60 ℃ for drying for 12 h.
The above nickel-based compound @ MoS2The application of the core-shell nano material is mainly in the aspect of water decomposition and hydrogen evolution by electrocatalysis.
The application method comprises the following steps: taking 1.0 mol/L potassium hydroxide aqueous solution as electrolyte solution, the nickel-based compound @ MoS2The core-shell nano material is used as a working electrode, a saturated calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode, and a carbon rod electrode is used as a counter electrode, so that a three-electrode system is built. In alkaline electrolyte solution, when the current density is 10mAcm-2The overpotential is 56mV, and the stable working state can be kept for 24 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
the invention takes the improvement of the conductivity of the material and the change of the structure of the material as the starting points. By a hydrothermal synthesis method, three-dimensional porous NF with high conductivity is used as a catalyst growth carrier, Keggin type polyacid is used for providing a stable bimetallic source, the technical bottlenecks of uneven mixing of reaction raw materials, mutual separation, asynchronous reaction, inconsistent product morphology, easy agglomeration and the like in the traditional technical line for preparing metal sulfides by using simple sodium molybdate and metal salt as main raw materials are effectively overcome, and the defect that free metal salt has different nucleation rates in the hydrothermal process is effectively overcome. When the material is used as an electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution catalyst, the result shows that the material has good hydrogen evolution performance and lower overpotential, and in an alkaline electrolyte solution, when the current density is 10mAcm-2The overpotential is 56mV, and the stable working state can be kept for 24 hours. The invention adopts a simple two-step hydrothermal method to synthesizeThe trimetal self-supporting composite material avoids the agglomeration of the material, not only enhances charge transfer under the condition of no additional binder, but also avoids the covering of the use of the binder on an active center, thereby endowing the electrode with high catalytic activity, realizing the tight combination of the composite material and a conductive material, improving the stability of a catalyst while improving the electron transfer capacity, and preparing the nickel-based compound @ MoS2A core-shell nano material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1, a Nickel-based Compound @ MoS2The core-shell nano material comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) cutting the foamed nickel to about 1X1.5cm2The rectangular square blocks are sequentially subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30min by acetone, ethanol and deionized water, the foam nickel is repeatedly washed by the deionized water, and the rectangular square blocks are placed in an oven to be dried overnight at 80 ℃ for later use.
(2) Adding 0.05g of selenium powder into a polytetrafluoroethylene liner of a high-pressure reaction kettle with the volume of 25ml, then sequentially adding 3ml of deionized water and 2ml of ethylenediamine, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10min to uniformly mix, adding 2 pieces of cleaned NF, and stirring for 10 min. Sealing, placing the reaction kettle into an electrothermal blowing drying oven at 180 ℃ for heat preservation for 3h, taking out, respectively cleaning with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and then placing into the drying oven for drying at room temperature for 6h to obtain dendriform Ni3Se2A front structure.
(3) 0.15g of cobalt molybdenum dodecanoic acid and 0.3g of thioacetamide are weighed and dissolved in 10ml of deionized water, stirred for 5min at room temperature, injected into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining with the volume of 25ml, and then placed into two pieces of treated NF. And (3) after sealing, putting the reaction kettle into an electric heating air blast drying oven at 140 ℃ for heat preservation for 20h, taking out, respectively cleaning with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and then putting into a drying oven at 60 ℃ for drying for 12 h.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples:
drawings
As shown in FIG. 1 asNickel-based compound @ MoS2Hydrogen evolution polarization curve of core-shell nano material in alkaline electrolyte solution. It can be observed that when the current density is 10mAcm-2When the voltage is higher than the threshold voltage, the overpotential of the electrode material is 56 mV.
As shown in figure 2, a nickel-based compound @ MoS2The XRD spectrogram of the core-shell nano material can observe that different characteristic peaks appear in a target material and CoS2、MoS2、Ni3Se2And Ni3S2By comparing the standard color comparison card, the CoS can be seen2、MoS2、Ni3Se2And Ni3S2The diffraction peak of (a) appears on the PXRD pattern of the target material. Specifically, diffraction peaks appearing at 14.1 °, 32.6 °, 35.3 °, and 58.5 ° are assigned to MoS2The (002), (101), (102) and (110) crystal planes of (JCPDS, No.37-1492) and the diffraction peak positions appearing at 32.3 DEG, 36.2 DEG and 54.9 DEG are assigned to CoS2The (200), (210) and (311) crystal planes of (JCPDS, No.65-3322) have diffraction peak positions at 31.1 DEG, 49.7 DEG and 55.3 DEG ascribed to Ni3S2The (110), (113) and (300) crystal planes of (JCPDS, No.65-3322) have diffraction peak positions at 29.5 DEG, 42.6 DEG and 52.7 DEG ascribed to Ni3Se2(JCPDS, No.65-3322), (110), (202) and (122).
As shown in FIG. 3, a nickel-based compound @ MoS2The hydrogen evolution stability curve of the core-shell nano material can be observed to basically keep stable without obvious fluctuation, and the electrode material can continuously and stably work within 24 hours.
As shown in FIG. 4, a nickel-based compound @ MoS2The potential window of the core-shell nano material is a cyclic voltammetry curve chart of-0.80 to-0.60V under different sweep rates (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100mV @ s).
As shown in FIG. 5, a nickel-based compound @ MoS2Scanning electron micrographs of the core-shell nano material under different sizes can observe that Ni is still retained in a sample after secondary hydrothermal treatment3Se2The tree structure of (1). The surface of the branches can be seen due to MoS2And CoS2Is changed toIt is very rough.

Claims (4)

1. Nickel-based compound @ MoS2The preparation method of the core-shell nano material comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting foam Nickel (NF) to about 1x1.5cm2The rectangular square blocks are sequentially subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30min by acetone, ethanol and deionized water, the foam nickel is repeatedly washed by the deionized water, and the rectangular square blocks are placed in an oven to be dried overnight at 80 ℃ for later use.
(2) Adding 0.05g of selenium powder into a polytetrafluoroethylene liner of a high-pressure reaction kettle with the volume of 25ml, then sequentially adding 3ml of deionized water and 2ml of ethylenediamine, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10min to uniformly mix, adding 2 pieces of cleaned NF, and stirring for 10 min. Sealing, placing the reaction kettle into an electrothermal blowing drying oven at 180 ℃ for heat preservation for 3h, taking out, washing with deionized water, and then placing into the drying oven for drying at room temperature for 6h to obtain the dendriform Ni3Se2A front structure.
(3) 0.15g of cobalt molybdenum dodecanoic acid and 0.3g of thioacetamide are weighed and dissolved in 10ml of deionized water, stirred for 5min at room temperature, injected into a polytetrafluoroethylene lining with the volume of 25ml, and then placed into two pieces of treated NF. And (3) after sealing, putting the reaction kettle into an electric heating air blowing drying oven at 140 ℃ for heat preservation for 20h, taking out, washing with deionized water, and then putting into a drying oven at 60 ℃ for drying for 12 h.
2. The nickel-based compound @ MoS of claim 12The application of the core-shell nano material is characterized in that a nickel-based compound @ MoS2The core-shell nano material is applied to the field of hydrogen production by electrocatalysis water decomposition.
3. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that the application method is as follows: taking 1.0 mol/L potassium hydroxide aqueous solution as electrolyte solution, wherein the nickel-based compound @ MoS2The core-shell nano material is used as a working electrode, a saturated calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode, a carbon rod electrode is used as a counter electrode, and in an alkaline electrolyte solution, when the current density is 10mAcm-2The overpotential was 56mV and remained stable after 24 hours of operation.
4. Nickel-based compound @ MoS2The preparation method and the electrocatalysis application of the core-shell nano material are characterized in that a nickel-based compound @ MoS is synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method2The three-dimensional dendritic core-shell nano structure is formed by the method that the surface layer of a foam nickel substrate is compacted by Ni under the action of thioacetamide3S2And (4) covering. In Ni3Se2The surface obtains 1T-2H phase mixed MoS with a monolayer structure2Nanosheets, 1T-2H phase mixed MoS as compared to 2H phase2The conductive performance of the catalyst is better, and the catalyst has higher catalytic performance. Substrate NF and resulting Ni3S2、Ni3Se2The catalyst has good conductivity, and can effectively reduce the charge transfer resistance of the catalyst, so that the catalyst shows good hydrogen evolution performance.
CN202110846981.1A 2021-07-27 2021-07-27 Nickel-based compound @ MoS 2 Preparation and application of core-shell nano material Active CN113481537B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110846981.1A CN113481537B (en) 2021-07-27 2021-07-27 Nickel-based compound @ MoS 2 Preparation and application of core-shell nano material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110846981.1A CN113481537B (en) 2021-07-27 2021-07-27 Nickel-based compound @ MoS 2 Preparation and application of core-shell nano material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113481537A true CN113481537A (en) 2021-10-08
CN113481537B CN113481537B (en) 2024-04-05

Family

ID=77943801

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110846981.1A Active CN113481537B (en) 2021-07-27 2021-07-27 Nickel-based compound @ MoS 2 Preparation and application of core-shell nano material

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113481537B (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180171493A1 (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Cobalt molybdenum disulfide synthesized using alkyl-containing thiomolybdate precursors
CN109402654A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-01 长安大学 A kind of MoS with substrate protective function2/Ni3Se2Compound Electrocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction agent and preparation method thereof
CN110813323A (en) * 2019-11-19 2020-02-21 中山大学 High-efficiency and durable hydrogen evolution nickel-based catalyst constructed by atomic layer deposition and preparation method and application thereof
CN112058281A (en) * 2020-05-14 2020-12-11 哈尔滨理工大学 Preparation and application of bimetallic sulfide crystal derived from cobalt germanomolybdenum polyacid complex
CN112169812A (en) * 2020-09-22 2021-01-05 陕西科技大学 Preparation method of self-supporting core-shell nano electro-catalyst for full electrolysis of water
CN112501648A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-16 哈尔滨理工大学 Preparation and application of nickel foam-loaded polyacid-derived manganese molybdenum sulfide

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180171493A1 (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Cobalt molybdenum disulfide synthesized using alkyl-containing thiomolybdate precursors
CN109402654A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-01 长安大学 A kind of MoS with substrate protective function2/Ni3Se2Compound Electrocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction agent and preparation method thereof
CN110813323A (en) * 2019-11-19 2020-02-21 中山大学 High-efficiency and durable hydrogen evolution nickel-based catalyst constructed by atomic layer deposition and preparation method and application thereof
CN112058281A (en) * 2020-05-14 2020-12-11 哈尔滨理工大学 Preparation and application of bimetallic sulfide crystal derived from cobalt germanomolybdenum polyacid complex
CN112169812A (en) * 2020-09-22 2021-01-05 陕西科技大学 Preparation method of self-supporting core-shell nano electro-catalyst for full electrolysis of water
CN112501648A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-16 哈尔滨理工大学 Preparation and application of nickel foam-loaded polyacid-derived manganese molybdenum sulfide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113481537B (en) 2024-04-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN110227496B (en) Microspherical Fe-doped trinickel disulfide nano-structure material composed of nanosheets, and preparation method and application thereof
CN108325539B (en) Rod-like vanadium modified Ni self-assembled into flower ball shape3S2Synthesis method of electrocatalyst
CN109252180B (en) Ternary MOF nanosheet array material, preparation method and application thereof
CN108396329B (en) Iron-doped two-phase nickel sulfide nano array material, preparation method and application thereof
CN110148762B (en) Carbon material with nitrogen, fluorine and transition metal co-doped graphene structure and one-step carbonization preparation method thereof
CN108048868B (en) Molybdenum nitride nanorod electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112108149A (en) Preparation method of electrocatalytic material, corresponding material and use method
CN112899723B (en) Metal organic framework derived iron-nickel metal sulfide catalyst, preparation and application thereof
CN113445073B (en) Preparation and electrocatalytic application of polyacid-derived cobalt-molybdenum sulfide supported by carbon cloth
CN113481534B (en) Preparation method of zirconium-doped cobalt-iron layered double hydroxide with low crystallinity and application of zirconium-doped cobalt-iron layered double hydroxide in hydrogen production by water electrolysis
Wang et al. Tuning the electronic structure of NiSe2 nanosheets by Mn dopant for hydrogen evolution reaction
CN110327946B (en) Molybdenum disulfide/nickel selenide composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112941559A (en) Fe-Co bimetal phosphide electrode material and preparation and application thereof
CN110846680B (en) Preparation method of multi-defect and active site electrocatalyst
CN110711590B (en) One-dimensional cobalt-sulfur compound/cuprous sulfide compound nano-array @ foamy copper material and preparation method and application thereof
CN110699702B (en) Hillock-shaped in-situ nickel-vanadium double metal hydroxide catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN109888307A (en) A kind of cobalt sulphur compound/nitrogen sulfur doping carbon composite catalytic agent and preparation method thereof
CN110304620A (en) It is a kind of to utilize nitrogen-doped porous carbon material made of bean dregs and its preparation method and application
CN114408886A (en) Preparation of porous iron nickel phosphide doped with noble metal
CN114959777B (en) Polyacid-derived trimetallic CoS loaded by carbon cloth 2 -MoS 2 -VS 2 Electrode material and electrocatalytic application
WO2023082449A1 (en) Multiphase nano heterojunction material and preparation method therefor and application thereof
CN113481537A (en) Nickel-based compound @ MoS2Preparation and application of core-shell nano material
CN113957474B (en) Water electrolysis material with heterojunction structure and preparation method and application thereof
CN114481209A (en) Preparation method of Ru-modified iron-based self-supporting hydrogen evolution electrode
Yang et al. Influence of deposition time on the electrocatalytic activities of core-shell Co (OH) 2/NiS/NF electrode

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant