CN113480781A - Graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of preparation of composite materials, and discloses a graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel, wherein the nano-cellulose content in the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is 15 wt% -50 wt%, and the polyvinyl alcohol content in the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is 5 wt% -10 wt%. The preparation method of the aerogel comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution; (2) preparing graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel; (3) preparing graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel; (4) graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel. The invention solves the problem that the graphene aerogel is insufficient in mechanical property and limited in use due to insufficient performance of unitary aerogel consisting of a single main body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of composite materials, and particularly relates to a graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The graphene aerogel has a porous interconnected three-dimensional spongy network structure with graphene as a main body. As a new nano porous material, the nano porous material has high hydrophobicity, high specific surface area, high porosity and good chemical stability, and shows good application prospects in the fields of adsorption, catalysis, sensing, energy conversion and storage, biological medicine and the like. However, due to the van der waals force and pi-pi bond acting force between graphene sheets, irreversible stacking and agglomeration are easy to occur, so that the advantages of graphene are weakened. Meanwhile, the graphene aerogel is limited in the application of actual life due to the reasons that the mechanical property of the graphene aerogel is insufficient, and the unitary aerogel formed by a single main body is difficult to have multiple use performances.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of insufficient performance and limited use of unitary aerogel formed by taking graphene aerogel as a single main body in the prior art, the invention provides the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel and the preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel comprises 15-50 wt% of nano-cellulose and 5-10 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol.
On the other hand, the invention provides a preparation method of the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving graphene oxide and nano-cellulose in deionized water, and stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed to obtain a graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution;
(2) pouring the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, putting the hydrothermal reaction kettle into an oven, heating, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel;
(3) soaking the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel in 10-30 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to obtain graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel;
(4) and (4) putting the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel obtained in the step (3) into a freeze dryer, and freezing to obtain the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel.
The content of the nano-cellulose in the step (1) is 15-50%.
The stirring time in the step (1) is 3-6 h.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in the step (3) is that the polyvinyl alcohol solid is weighed and dissolved in the deionized water, and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ to obtain the completely dissolved 10-30 wt% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.
The soaking time in the step (3) is 40-60 h.
The freezing temperature in the step (4) is-30 ℃ to-50 ℃, the freezing time is 12-48h, and the pressure is 15-30 Pa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the preparation method of the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel, on the basis of preparing the graphene hydrogel by a one-step hydrothermal method, the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel is prepared by the hydrothermal method, the binary composite hydrogel is soaked in a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to obtain the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite hydrogel, and the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel can be obtained by freeze drying of the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel, so that the mechanical strength of the prepared composite material is remarkably increased.
The graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel contains a large amount of hydrogen bonding effects, so that the composite aerogel is excellent in mechanical property. Due to the addition of the nano-cellulose and the polyvinyl alcohol, the composite aerogel has the advantages of remarkably increased compression modulus and compression strength, large specific surface area, porosity, low density and good adsorption performance, and can effectively adsorb water, oil stains and organic solvents.
On the other hand, the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is high in thermal stability, high in porosity and small in pore size, and low in heat transfer rate due to the fact that heat transfer is conducted through gas, and the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel can obviously reduce heat loss. The graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel has the advantages of three raw materials, so that the composite material has excellent mechanical properties, adsorptivity and thermal stability, and can be applied to liquid adsorption, heat preservation, heat storage and other directions in actual production. The invention has application value in the fields of biological materials, structural materials, energy sources and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an aerogel sample;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of an aerogel sample;
FIG. 3 is a thermogravimetric analysis of an aerogel sample;
FIG. 4 is aerogel N2Adsorption isotherm curve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention. The process equipment or apparatus not specifically mentioned in the following examples are conventional in the art, and if not specifically mentioned, the raw materials and the like used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available; unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples of the present invention are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The invention provides a graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing a graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution: firstly, 0.25 g of graphene oxide solid is weighed by an electronic balance, dissolved in 10 ml of deionized water, and stirred for 1 hour until the graphene oxide powder is completely dissolved. And then, weighing 0.05 g of nano-cellulose solid by using an electronic balance, slowly pouring the nano-cellulose solid into the prepared 10 ml of graphene oxide solution, and stirring for 3 hours until the solution is uniformly mixed to obtain the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution.
(2) Preparing graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel: firstly, preparing a polyvinyl alcohol solution. 12.5g of polyvinyl alcohol solids were first weighed on an electronic balance and dissolved in 50ml of deionized water. The polyvinyl alcohol solution was stirred while heating, and the temperature was maintained at 100 ℃ for 2 hours, whereby a completely dissolved 20 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution was obtained. And (2) pouring the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution prepared in the step (1) into a hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, wherein the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle is 25 ml, and then putting the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle into an oven. The oven temperature was set at 180 ℃ for 12 hours, and the blast was turned on. And after 12 hours, taking out the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle after the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature to obtain the graphene/nano cellulose hydrogel with the diameter of about 1.8 cm and the height of about 2 cm. And slowly taking out the prepared graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel, soaking the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel into the prepared 20 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, keeping the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel completely immersed, and soaking for 48 hours to obtain the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.
(3) And (3) freeze drying: and taking out the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel from the polyvinyl alcohol solution, and instantly freezing the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel by using liquid nitrogen after the surface is dried. And then putting the frozen graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel into a freeze dryer, freezing at-40 ℃ under the pressure of 15Pa, and taking out after 48 hours to obtain 0.3299 g of graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel, wherein the nano-cellulose accounts for 15% and the polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 9.1%.
Example 2
The graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing a graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution: firstly, 0.25 g of graphene oxide solid is weighed by an electronic balance, dissolved in 10 ml of deionized water, and stirred for 1 hour until the graphene oxide powder is completely dissolved. And then, weighing 0.1 g of nano-cellulose solid by using an electronic balance, slowly pouring the nano-cellulose solid into the prepared 10 ml of graphene oxide solution, and stirring for 6 hours until the solution is uniformly mixed to obtain the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution.
(2) Preparing graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel: firstly, preparing a polyvinyl alcohol solution. 12.5g of polyvinyl alcohol solids were first weighed on an electronic balance and dissolved in 50ml of deionized water. The polyvinyl alcohol solution was stirred while heating, and the temperature was maintained at 90 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a completely dissolved 20 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution. And (2) pouring the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution prepared in the step (1) into a hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, wherein the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle is 25 ml, and then putting the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle into an oven. The oven temperature was set at 180 ℃ for 12 hours, and the blast was turned on. And after 12 hours, taking out the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle after the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature to obtain the graphene/nano cellulose hydrogel with the diameter of about 1.8 cm and the height of about 2 cm. And slowly taking out the prepared graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel, soaking the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel into the prepared 20 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, keeping the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel completely immersed, and soaking for 48 hours to obtain the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.
(3) And (3) freeze drying: and taking out the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel from the polyvinyl alcohol solution, and instantly freezing the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel by using liquid nitrogen after the surface is dried. And then putting the frozen graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel into a freeze dryer, freezing at-30 ℃ and under 30Pa, and taking out after 48 hours to obtain 0.3632 g of graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel, wherein the nano-cellulose accounts for 27% and the polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 3.6%.
Example 3
The graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing a graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution: firstly, 0.25 g of graphene oxide solid is weighed by an electronic balance, dissolved in 10 ml of deionized water, and stirred for 1 hour until the graphene oxide powder is completely dissolved. And then, weighing 0.15 g of nano-cellulose solid by using an electronic balance, slowly pouring the nano-cellulose solid into the prepared 10 ml of graphene oxide solution, and stirring for 3 hours until the solution is uniformly mixed to obtain the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution.
(2) Preparing graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel: firstly, preparing a polyvinyl alcohol solution. 12.5g of polyvinyl alcohol solids were first weighed on an electronic balance and dissolved in 50ml of deionized water. The polyvinyl alcohol solution was stirred while heating, and the temperature was maintained at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a completely dissolved 20 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution. And (2) pouring the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution prepared in the step (1) into a hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, wherein the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle is 25 ml, and then putting the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle into an oven. The oven temperature was set at 180 ℃ for 12 hours, and the blast was turned on. And after 12 hours, taking out the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle after the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature to obtain the graphene/nano cellulose hydrogel with the diameter of about 1.8 cm and the height of about 2 cm. And slowly taking out the prepared graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel, soaking the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel into the prepared 20 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, keeping the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel completely immersed, and soaking for 48 hours to obtain the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.
(3) And (3) freeze drying: and taking out the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel from the polyvinyl alcohol solution, and instantly freezing the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel by using liquid nitrogen after the surface is dried. And then putting the frozen graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel into a freeze dryer, freezing at-50 ℃ under 20Pa, and taking out after 48 hours to obtain 0.4332 g of graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel, wherein the nano-cellulose accounts for 34% and the polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 7.7%.
Example 4
The graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing a graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution: firstly, 0.25 g of graphene oxide solid is weighed by an electronic balance, dissolved in 10 ml of deionized water, and stirred for 1 hour until the graphene oxide powder is completely dissolved. And then, weighing 0.2 g of nano-cellulose solid by using an electronic balance, slowly pouring the nano-cellulose solid into the prepared 10 ml of graphene oxide solution, and stirring for 3 hours until the solution is uniformly mixed to obtain the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution.
(2) Preparing graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel: firstly, preparing a polyvinyl alcohol solution. 12.5g of polyvinyl alcohol solids were first weighed on an electronic balance and dissolved in 50ml of deionized water. The polyvinyl alcohol solution was stirred while heating, and the temperature was maintained at 100 ℃ for 2 hours, whereby a completely dissolved 20 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution was obtained. And (2) pouring the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution prepared in the step (1) into a hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, wherein the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle is 25 ml, and then putting the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle into an oven. The oven temperature was set at 180 ℃ for 12 hours, and the blast was turned on. And after 12 hours, taking out the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle after the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature to obtain the graphene/nano cellulose hydrogel with the diameter of about 1.8 cm and the height of about 2 cm. And slowly taking out the prepared graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel, soaking the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel into the prepared 20 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, keeping the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel completely immersed, and soaking for 48 hours to obtain the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.
(3) And (3) freeze drying: and taking out the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel from the polyvinyl alcohol solution, and instantly freezing the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel by using liquid nitrogen after the surface is dried. And then putting the frozen graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel into a freeze dryer, freezing at-50 ℃ under 20Pa, and taking out after 48 hours to obtain 0.4815 g of graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel, wherein the nano-cellulose accounts for 41% and the polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 6.5%.
Example 5
The graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing a graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution: firstly, 0.25 g of graphene oxide solid is weighed by an electronic balance, dissolved in 10 ml of deionized water, and stirred for 1 hour until the graphene oxide powder is completely dissolved. And then, weighing 0.25 g of nano-cellulose solid by using an electronic balance, slowly pouring the nano-cellulose solid into the prepared 10 ml of graphene oxide solution, and stirring for 3 hours until the solution is uniformly mixed to obtain the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution.
(2) Preparing graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel: firstly, preparing a polyvinyl alcohol solution. 12.5g of polyvinyl alcohol solids were first weighed on an electronic balance and dissolved in 50ml of deionized water. The polyvinyl alcohol solution was stirred while heating, and the temperature was maintained at 85 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a completely dissolved 20 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution. And (2) pouring the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution prepared in the step (1) into a hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, wherein the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle is 25 ml, and then putting the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle into an oven. The oven temperature was set at 180 ℃ for 12 hours, and the blast was turned on. And after 12 hours, taking out the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle after the hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature to obtain the graphene/nano cellulose hydrogel with the diameter of about 1.8 cm and the height of about 2 cm. And slowly taking out the prepared graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel, soaking the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel into the prepared 20 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, keeping the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel completely immersed, and soaking for 48 hours to obtain the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.
(3) And (3) freeze drying: and taking out the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel from the polyvinyl alcohol solution, and instantly freezing the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel by using liquid nitrogen after the surface is dried. And then putting the frozen graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel into a freeze dryer, freezing at-50 ℃ under 20Pa, and taking out after 48 hours to obtain 0.5293 g of graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel, wherein the nano-cellulose accounts for 47% and the polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 5.5%.
As shown in fig. 1, the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel obtained in example 5 is represented by a cylindrical shape with a radius of 0.9 cm and a height of 2 cm, and has a weight of 0.5293 g, and white flocculent spots are present on the surface of the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel, and the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel is in a solid form after freeze-drying of a polyethylene solution attached to the surface of the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel. When the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel withstood a pressure of 300 grams (about 567 times its weight), it did not show fracture or press-break, and its height hardly changed. The reason is that a compact hydrogen bond acting force is formed inside the material, so that the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel has excellent mechanical properties.
As shown in fig. 2, a random porous structure exists inside the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel obtained in example 5. The filamentous nano-cellulose is tightly connected with the graphene sheet layer, so that the mechanical property of the composite aerogel is effectively enhanced. And with the increase of the content of the nano-cellulose, the content of the graphene and the content of the polyvinyl alcohol, the number of the holes of the composite aerogel in unit area is increased, the hole wall is thickened, a more compact pore arrangement is formed, and the adsorption capacity and the heat preservation and storage capacity of the composite aerogel are facilitated.
As shown in FIG. 3, a significant weight loss step was observed for the sample obtained in example 5, which was divided into three stages. The first stage is carried out in the range of 0-120 ℃, the thermal weight loss is about 4.582%, the weight loss is mainly caused by the residual moisture in the pore channels of the aerogel, and the sample has no weight loss; the obvious weight loss occurs in the second stage, the temperature change range of the second stage is 120-460 ℃, the thermal weight loss is 34.119%, and the second stage is mainly a cellulose pyrolysis stage; the third stage is carried out at 400-800 ℃, the thermal weight loss is about 30.559%, and in the stage, the carbon residue is subjected to oxidative degradation reaction to generate a gas substance with low molecular weight, so that the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel has good medium-low thermal stability.
The apparent type IV physical adsorption isotherm curve obtained in example 5, as shown in figure 4, illustrates that all samples exhibit a typical mesoporous structure. The hysteresis regression line of H3 type is formed due to the gaps between mesopores and the wrinkled wide slit-like gaps accumulated in the graphene layer, which gaps induce nitrogen burst during desorption. The compact gap structure is beneficial to the adsorption effect and the heat storage and heat preservation effect of the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel.
According to the method for preparing the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel, on the basis of preparing the graphene hydrogel by a one-step hydrothermal method, the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel is prepared by the hydrothermal method, the binary composite hydrogel is soaked in a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to obtain the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite hydrogel, and the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is obtained by freeze drying. Meanwhile, the nano-cellulose can be inserted between graphene sheet layers and also forms hydrogen bond connection with the graphene sheet layers, the existence of the nano-cellulose not only slows down pi-pi stacking between graphene, but also enhances the mechanical strength of the composite material, and overcomes the resistance that the nano-cellulose and the graphene are difficult to compound in the prior art.
The graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel disclosed by the invention is large in specific surface area, porous, low in density and good in adsorption performance, and can effectively adsorb water, oil stains, organic solvents and the like. The graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel contains a large amount of hydrogen bonding effects, so that the composite aerogel is excellent in mechanical property. Due to the addition of the nano-cellulose and the polyvinyl alcohol, the compression modulus and the compression strength of the composite aerogel are obviously increased. The graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is high in thermal stability. The composite aerogel has high porosity and small pore diameter, and the heat transmission is conducted through gas, so that the heat transmission rate is low, and the heat loss of the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel can be obviously reduced.
Claims (7)
1. The graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is characterized in that the nanocellulose content of the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is 15 wt% -50 wt%, and the polyvinyl alcohol content of the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel is 5 wt% -10 wt%.
2. The preparation method of the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving graphene oxide and nano-cellulose in deionized water, and stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed to obtain a graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution;
(2) pouring the graphene oxide/nano-cellulose mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, putting the hydrothermal reaction kettle into an oven for heating, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel;
(3) soaking the graphene/nano-cellulose hydrogel in 10-30 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to obtain graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel;
(4) and (4) putting the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel obtained in the step (3) into a freeze dryer, and freezing to obtain the graphene/nano-cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel.
3. The preparation method of the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel according to claim 2, wherein the content of nanocellulose in the step (1) is 15% -50%.
4. The preparation method of the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel according to claim 3, wherein the stirring time in the step (1) is 3-6 h.
5. The preparation method of the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in the step (3) is that polyvinyl alcohol solid is weighed, dissolved in deionized water, and stirred at 80-100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a completely dissolved 10-30 wt% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.
6. The preparation method of the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel according to claim 5, wherein the soaking time in the step (3) is 40-60 h.
7. The preparation method of the graphene/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ternary composite aerogel according to claim 6, wherein the freezing temperature in the step (4) is-30 ℃ to-50 ℃, the freezing time is 12-48h, and the pressure is 15-30 Pa.
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