CN113480764A - Preparation method of enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film and product thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/08—Epoxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/18—Introducing halogen atoms or halogen-containing groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
- C08F8/32—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film and a product thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of adding a catalyst into a solvent, and adjusting the pH value to acidity; adding PVA, stirring and dissolving; adding an aromatic compound with aldehyde group for reaction; adding N-bromosuccinimide, and continuing the reaction; and (3) after the solvent is returned to the room temperature, adding a tertiary amine substance under the condition of keeping out of the sun, standing for defoaming after reaction, and salifying to form a film, thereby obtaining the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film. According to the invention, a solution coating method is adopted, before coating, PVA is modified by aldehyde groups with benzene rings to reduce PVA hydroxyl groups, meanwhile, hydrophobic groups are grafted on the chains to improve the water-resistant temperature, and then tertiary amine substances are grafted to form quaternary ammonium salt so that the membrane has an antibacterial function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of degradable biological materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film and a product thereof.
Background
The polyvinyl alcohol is a white flaky, flocculent or powdery solid, is tasteless, is the only polymer material which is known in the nature and can be biodegraded and dissolved in water, and has wide application prospect in the packaging fields of mechanical electronics, chemical engineering, petroleum development, building materials, medicines, foods and the like.
In daily life, people have no way to open plastic packages. There is a great demand every year, and statistically, white pollution is generated by 49 hundred million tons every year, which will bring great pressure to the environment and attract people's attention. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biodegradable material which can be decomposed into CO under the action of microorganisms2And H2And O. At present, the domestic autonomously-produced PVA film is oriented to low-end markets such as seed bags, herbicide bags, water transfer printing and the like, and the PVA has a large amount of hydroxyl groups and hydrophilicity, so that the PVA has excellent water solubility, is quickly dissolved at normal temperature and limits the application. But cannot occupy the packaging markets with high added values, such as integrated circuits, electronic components, high-end textiles and the like, and the high-temperature film products mainly depend on import from the countries of the United states, Japan and the like.
The PVA material has better mechanical property and barrier property in a dry environment, but in a high-humidity environment, water molecules can destroy the interaction among PVA chains, so that the PVA swells, and the excellent performance is lost. Therefore, PVA has the defects of poor water resistance, poor water vapor barrier property, no low antibacterial activity and the like, and the application range of the PVA is limited. In order to realize wide application of PVA in various fields, functional modification of PVA is required to prepare a PVA composite material having high mechanical properties, excellent water resistance and antibacterial properties. Conventional solution coating methods are limited in their processing modifications and can only produce low temperature films for low end markets. However, the PVA film is not soluble in water at 40 ℃ or lower, and the film does not have an antibacterial function. Therefore, the functionalization of polymer, and the PVA film with high strength and functional type at the same time is still the research hotspot and difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made keeping in mind the above and/or other problems occurring in the prior art.
Therefore, the present invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a preparation method of an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film, wherein an antibacterial active substance is grafted to the surface of PVA by using a grafting modification method, an aldehyde group with a benzene ring is adopted to modify PVA before coating in a solution coating method so as to reduce the hydroxyl group of PVA, a hydrophobic group is grafted on the chain of the PVA to increase the water resistant temperature of the PVA, and then a tertiary amine substance is grafted to form a quaternary ammonium salt so that the film has an antibacterial function. By introducing aldehyde group with benzene ring, the strength and water resistance of PVA are greatly improved, the limitation that the conventional common PVA film cannot be used in normal temperature and high humidity environment is solved, and the PVA film is endowed with excellent antibacterial property.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film comprises the following steps,
adding a catalyst into a solvent, and adjusting the pH value to be acidic;
adding PVA, stirring and dissolving;
adding an aromatic compound with aldehyde group for reaction;
adding N-bromosuccinimide, and continuing the reaction;
and (3) after the solvent is returned to the room temperature, adding a tertiary amine substance under the condition of keeping out of the sun, standing for defoaming after reaction, and salifying to form a film, thereby obtaining the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film, the method comprises the following steps: the solvent comprises one of dimethyl sulfoxide, water and glycol.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film, the method comprises the following steps: the catalyst comprises one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and acetic acid.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film, the method comprises the following steps: and adjusting the pH value to be acidic, and adjusting the pH value to be 0.5-2.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film, the method comprises the following steps: the alcoholysis degree of the PVA is 80-99%.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film, the method comprises the following steps: stirring and dissolving, namely stirring and dissolving for 0.5-2 h at the temperature of 60-100 ℃.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film, the method comprises the following steps: the aromatic compound with aldehyde group comprises one or more of 3-methoxy benzaldehyde, 3-ethoxy benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy benzaldehyde, 3, 5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde and 3-formaldehyde methyl benzoate.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film, the method comprises the following steps: and adding an aromatic compound with aldehyde group for reaction for 5-10 h.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film, the method comprises the following steps: the tertiary amine substance comprises triethylamine or trimethylamine.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a product obtained by the method for preparing an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film as described above, wherein the product comprises a compound represented by formula I and/or formula II,
wherein R is1、R2Comprises one of methoxyl, ethoxyl, ester group, aldehyde group, hydrogen group and hydroxyl; r3Including methyl or ethyl.
The synthesis process of the invention is shown in the following reaction formulas (III) to (VI):
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention makes the hydroxyl of PVA react with modifier, and then graft on the molecular chain of PVA. Firstly, hydroxyl groups on PVA can react with aldehyde groups, the number of the hydroxyl groups is reduced, and meanwhile, due to the existence of rigid rings, the hydrophobicity of the PVA is further increased, so that PVA films with different alcoholysis degrees can be kept complete at the temperature of over 60 ℃, and the PVA films are insoluble and not broken, and the water resistance is improved; meanwhile, due to the existence of quaternary ammonium salt, the PVA film has good antibacterial function.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below with reference to examples of the specification.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Measuring 120ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and adjusting the pH value of a DMSO solvent to 1 by using 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid;
(2) adding 10g PVA (trade name 1799, purchased from Chuanweipetrochemical) under stirring, heating to 90 ℃, stirring and dissolving for 1 h;
(3) then cooling to 80 ℃, simultaneously adding 1g of 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, and stirring for reaction for 5 hours;
(4) adding 1.2g N-bromosuccinimide, and continuing to react for 4 hours;
(5) after the solution is cooled to room temperature, 1.5g of trimethylamine is added under the condition of keeping out of the sun, and the reaction is continued for 6 hours;
(6) after static defoaming, casting to form a film, wherein the film forming process comprises the steps of firstly adjusting a scraper of a film coater to a certain distance, then pouring the liquid after static defoaming on a glass plate, then starting the scraper to coat a film, and finally drying the film; the production line process is that the material is dissolved in a reaction kettle, then the liquid flows into a groove below a roller, the roller rolls and contacts the liquid, the roller is heated to form a film, and the film is wound.
Example 2
(1) Measuring 120ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and adjusting the pH value of a DMSO solvent to 1 by using 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid;
(2) adding 10g PVA (trade name 1799, purchased from Chuanweipetrochemical) under stirring, heating to 90 ℃, stirring and dissolving for 1 h;
(3) then cooling to 80 ℃, simultaneously adding 0.9g of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, stirring and reacting for 5 hours;
(4) adding 1.2g N-bromosuccinimide, and continuing to react for 4 hours;
(5) after the solution is cooled to room temperature, 1.5g of trimethylamine is added under the condition of keeping out of the sun, and the reaction is continued for 6 hours;
(6) after static defoaming, the film was formed by casting and the film forming process was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
(1) Measuring 120ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and adjusting the pH value of a DMSO solvent to 1 by using 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid;
(2) adding 10g PVA (trade name 1799, purchased from Chuanweipetrochemical) under stirring, heating to 90 ℃, stirring and dissolving for 1 h;
(3) then cooling to 80 ℃, simultaneously adding 1g of 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, and stirring for reaction for 5 hours;
(4) adding 1.2g N-bromosuccinimide, and continuing to react for 4 hours;
(5) after the solution is cooled to room temperature, 2.6g of triethylamine is added under the condition of keeping out of the sun, and the reaction is continued for 6 hours;
(6) after static defoaming, the film was formed by casting and the film forming process was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
(1) Measuring 120ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and adjusting the pH value of a DMSO solvent to 1 by using 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid;
(2) 10g PVA (No. 217, available from Colorado, Japan) was added with stirring, and the mixture was heated to 90 ℃ and dissolved with stirring for 1 hour;
(3) then cooling to 80 ℃, simultaneously adding 1.2g of 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, and stirring for reaction for 5 hours;
(4) adding 1.2g N-bromosuccinimide, and continuing to react for 4 hours;
(5) after the solution is cooled to room temperature, 2.6g of triethylamine is added under the condition of keeping out of the light for reaction for 6 hours;
(6) after static defoaming, the film was formed by casting and the film forming process was the same as in example 1.
Example 5
(1) Measuring 120ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and adjusting the pH value of a DMSO solvent to 1 by using 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid;
(2) adding 5g PVA (No. 217, available from Colorado, Japan) and 5g PVA (No. 1799, available from Chuanweipetrochemical) under stirring, heating to 90 deg.C, stirring and dissolving for 1 h;
(3) then cooling to 80 ℃, simultaneously adding 1g of 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, and stirring for reaction for 5 hours;
(4) adding 1.2g of N-bromosuccinimide, and continuing to react for 4 hours;
(5) after the solution is cooled to room temperature, 2.6g of triethylamine is added under the condition of keeping out of the light for reaction for 6 hours;
(6) after static defoaming, the film was formed by casting and the film forming process was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) Measuring 120ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and adjusting the pH value of a DMSO solvent to 1 by using 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid;
(2) adding 10g PVA (trade name 1799, purchased from Chuanweipetrochemical) under stirring, heating to 90 ℃, stirring and dissolving for 1 h;
(3) then cooling to 80 ℃, and continuing stirring for 3 hours;
(4) after static defoaming, the film was formed by casting and the film forming process was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
(1) Measuring 120ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and adjusting the pH value of a DMSO solvent to 1 by using 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid;
(2) 10g of PVA (No. 217, available from Korea, Japan) was added with stirring, heated to 90 ℃ and dissolved with stirring for 1 hour;
(3) then cooling to 80 ℃, and continuing stirring for 3 hours;
(4) after static defoaming, the film was formed by casting and the film forming process was the same as in example 1.
The dissolution temperature and the antibacterial ratio of Escherichia coli of the samples prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured experimentally, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
The test method of water temperature resistance comprises the following steps: a10 cm by 10cm PVA film was cut out, weighed and recorded. And (3) putting the cut membrane into a beaker containing 1000mL of deionized water, heating the membrane on a magnetic stirrer with a heating function, stirring the membrane for 10 seconds after the water temperature reaches 90 ℃, standing the membrane for 60 seconds (the membrane cannot be adhered to the wall of the beaker), drying and weighing the membrane. One sample was tested every 5 ℃ drop until the film quality remained unchanged, at which time the water temperature was recorded.
Swelling ratio test method, sample is cut into 50mm × 50mm size, dried in 80 deg.C constant temperature vacuum air blast drying oven until the quality is constant. After drying, the membrane sample is soaked in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours. The water absorption paper for taking the film quickly absorbs the water on the surface of the film sampleThe sample is placed on an analytical balance to accurately weigh the mass of the sample. Using the formula S ═ m (m-m)0)/m0Swelling ratio was calculated 100%. Wherein: s is swelling ratio (%); m is swelling mass (g) after soaking; m is0The initial mass (g) of the dried film. For each sample, 5 replicates were averaged.
The tensile strength of the film is tested according to the tensile property test method of the plastic film of the national standard GB/T1040.3-2006.
The method for testing the antibacterial rate of the escherichia coli comprises the following steps: first, 10 is prepared-5And (3) putting 1mL of the escherichia coli bacterial solution into 1mg/mL of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) normal saline (the solution is diluted by normal saline), putting 1mL of the mixed solution into a sterilized plate counting agar culture plate at intervals, pushing and coating the mixed solution uniformly by using a coating rod, and putting the mixed solution into a 37 ℃ biochemical incubator for inverted culture for 24-48 h. The total number of colonies on the plate was recorded. The bactericidal rate is (total number of plate colonies before experiment-total number of plate colonies after experiment)/total number of plate colonies before experiment.
TABLE 1 Water temperature resistance and antibacterial rate of products prepared in different examples
As can be seen from Table 1, the PVA films with different alcoholysis degrees can be kept intact at the temperature of more than 60 ℃ by adding the aldehyde benzene ring compound, do not dissolve and break, and have improved water resistance. And the swelling property of the modified PVA film is greatly reduced, which also shows that the water resistance of the film is improved. It can be seen from the tensile strength that the tensile strength of the modified PVA film is effectively improved. The results of antibacterial experiments show that quaternary ammonium salts formed by adding tertiary amines such as trimethylamine or triethylamine in the reaction can generate antibacterial action, and the antibacterial rate can reach more than 99%.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an enhanced PVA antibacterial film. Through the reaction with the hydroxyl on the PVA molecular chain, the number of the hydroxyl is reduced, the hydrophobicity of the film is increased, the film can be kept complete at the temperature of more than 60 ℃, the film is not dissolved and broken, the water resistance is improved, and meanwhile, due to the existence of the quaternary ammonium salt, the film has good antibacterial performance. Compared with the film blowing method, the casting method has the advantages of simple procedure, easy control, high film forming rate and the like.
Example 6
(1) Measuring 120ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and adjusting the pH value of a DMSO solvent to 1 by using 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid;
(2) adding 10g of PVA (1799) under stirring, heating to 90 ℃, and stirring for dissolving for 1 h;
(3) then cooling to 80 ℃, respectively adding different benzene ring compounds with aldehyde groups, and stirring for reaction for 5 hours;
(4) adding 1.2g of N-bromosuccinimide, and continuing to react for 4 hours;
(5) after the solution is cooled to room temperature, 1.5g of trimethylamine is added under the condition of keeping out of the sun, and the reaction is continued for 6 hours;
(6) after static defoaming, the film was formed by casting and the film forming process was the same as in example 1.
The dissolution temperature and the antibacterial rate of Escherichia coli were measured. Wherein, the kind and addition amount of the benzene ring compound with aldehyde group added and the performance of the PVA film prepared are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 shows the addition amounts of different benzene ring compounds with aldehyde groups and the water temperature resistance and antibacterial rate of the prepared product
From example 6, it is known that when the benzene ring compound having an aldehyde group is 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-ethoxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3, 5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, or 3-formaldehyde methyl benzoate, the PVA film added with 3-formaldehyde methyl benzoate exhibits better high temperature resistance performance and the antibacterial ratio thereof is still more than 99.8% when the added amounts thereof are the same. When the addition amount is changed, 1.2g of 3-formaldehyde methyl benzoate is added into every 10g of PVA (1799), so that the prepared PVA film can be dissolved at 85 ℃, and the use at room temperature or even 80 ℃ is ensured.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
adding a catalyst into a solvent, and adjusting the pH value to be acidic;
adding PVA, stirring and dissolving;
adding an aromatic compound with aldehyde group for reaction;
adding N-bromosuccinimide, and continuing the reaction;
and (3) after the solvent is returned to the room temperature, adding a tertiary amine substance under the condition of keeping out of the sun, standing for defoaming after reaction, and salifying to form a film, thereby obtaining the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film.
2. The method for preparing an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solvent comprises one of dimethyl sulfoxide, water and glycol.
3. The method for preparing an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the catalyst comprises one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and acetic acid.
4. The method for preparing an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and adjusting the pH value to be acidic, and adjusting the pH value to be 0.5-2.
5. The method for preparing an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 or 4, wherein: the alcoholysis degree of the PVA is 80-99%.
6. The method for preparing an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film as claimed in claim 5, wherein: stirring and dissolving, namely stirring and dissolving for 0.5-2 h at the temperature of 60-100 ℃.
7. The method for preparing an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2, 4 or 6, wherein: the aromatic compound with aldehyde group comprises one or more of 3-methoxy benzaldehyde, 3-ethoxy benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy benzaldehyde, 3, 5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde and 3-formaldehyde methyl benzoate.
8. The method for preparing an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film as claimed in claim 7, wherein: and adding an aromatic compound with aldehyde group for reaction for 5-10 h.
9. The method for preparing an enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the tertiary amine substance comprises triethylamine or trimethylamine.
10. The product obtained by the preparation method of the enhanced polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial film as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the product is characterized in that: the product comprises a compound shown in a formula I and/or a formula II,
wherein R is1、R2Comprises one of methoxyl, ethoxyl, ester group, aldehyde group, hydrogen group and hydroxyl; r3Including methyl or ethyl.
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