CN113479971B - System for desalinating seawater in lead-bismuth alloy coolant device - Google Patents
System for desalinating seawater in lead-bismuth alloy coolant device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113479971B CN113479971B CN202110788868.2A CN202110788868A CN113479971B CN 113479971 B CN113479971 B CN 113479971B CN 202110788868 A CN202110788868 A CN 202110788868A CN 113479971 B CN113479971 B CN 113479971B
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- coolant
- lead
- bismuth
- water vapor
- pipeline
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coolant systems, and particularly relates to a system for desalinating seawater in a lead-bismuth alloy coolant device. The system comprises an evaporation system, a filtering system, a collecting system and an auxiliary loop, wherein the evaporation system, the filtering system, the collecting system and the auxiliary loop form a loop of a complete sea water desalination system, and the evaporation system distills sea water to separate salt and water vapor from the sea water; the filtering system is used for filtering out residual impurities in the water vapor; the collecting system comprises water vapor collection and impurity collection; the auxiliary circuit ensures the stability of the whole system operation and regulates the system temperature. The invention has simple structure and high heat utilization efficiency, and can realize the efficient sea water desalination function in experimental loops and even reactor devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coolant systems, and particularly relates to a system for desalinating seawater in a lead-bismuth alloy coolant device.
Background
Fresh water is an important substance for maintaining human life, and is also an indispensable raw material in industries such as industry, agriculture and the like, and the importance of the fresh water is self-evident. However, fresh water is a relatively scarce resource in many countries and regions, which have serious maldistribution problems.
Because the lead-bismuth alloy coolant has high operating temperature and stable chemical property, an efficient and safe sea water desalination system can be manufactured by utilizing the special physical and chemical characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy coolant.
The defects of the prior art such as high system cost, low heat utilization rate, high manufacturing difficulty of filter materials, poor reliability and the like are overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at:
according to the defects of over high system cost, low heat utilization rate, high manufacturing difficulty of filter materials, poor reliability and the like in the prior art, the invention provides a system for desalting sea water in a lead-bismuth alloy coolant device, which has a simple structure and high heat utilization efficiency, and can realize a high-efficiency sea water desalting function in an experimental loop and even a reactor device.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a system for sea water desalination in a lead-bismuth alloy coolant device comprises an evaporation system, a filtering system, a collecting system and an auxiliary loop, wherein the evaporation system, the filtering system, the collecting system and the auxiliary loop form a loop of a complete sea water desalination system, and the evaporation system distills sea water to separate salt and water vapor from the sea water; the filtering system is used for filtering out residual impurities in the water vapor; the collecting system comprises water vapor collection and impurity collection; the auxiliary circuit ensures the stability of the whole system operation and regulates the system temperature.
The evaporation system comprises a seawater inlet, a lead-bismuth coolant nozzle and a lead-bismuth coolant, wherein one end of the coolant container is provided with the seawater inlet, the upper part of the coolant container is provided with a steam receiving pipeline, the lead-bismuth coolant nozzle is arranged in the pipeline, and the lead-bismuth coolant is arranged in the coolant container.
In the collecting system, the water vapor collecting system comprises a fresh water vapor outlet which is arranged at the top of the vapor receiving pipeline; the impurity collecting system comprises an impurity outlet spiral stirring conveyor, the spiral stirring conveyor is arranged on one side of the coolant container, and the spiral stirring conveyor discharges impurities floating on the surface of the lead-bismuth coolant in the coolant container from the impurity outlet.
The filter system comprises a filter which is arranged in the fresh water steam outlet and is communicated with the coolant container.
The filter is characterized in that a layer of nano-scale filter membrane is coated on a porous filter material, so that tiny solid mineral impurities, dust and aerosol impurities in water vapor are removed.
The auxiliary loop comprises a circulating pump, a flow regulating valve, an oxygen sensor, a hydrogen inlet and a water inlet, wherein the circulating pump is connected to a pipeline of the lead bismuth coolant nozzle, and the circulating pump is communicated with the bottom of the coolant container through the pipeline; an oxygen sensor is arranged on a pipeline of the circulating pump communicated with the bottom of the coolant container, and a new pipeline is connected in parallel, and a flow regulating valve and inlets of hydrogen and water are arranged on the new pipeline.
The auxiliary loop also comprises a heat tracing system, and the heat tracing system provides basic heat tracing for all loops filled with the lead-bismuth alloy in the whole system.
The piping of the circulation pump connected to the lead bismuth coolant nozzles requires the heat trace system to provide high power density heat traces.
The spiral stirring conveyor is used for removing solid impurities which are generated in the hydrogen production process and are generated by the contact evaporation of the seawater and the lead bismuth and float on the surface of the lead bismuth coolant due to density difference through the rotation of the spiral component.
The seawater to be desalinated is sprayed into a coolant container from an inlet to be gasified after contacting with liquid lead-bismuth coolant sprayed from a lead-bismuth coolant nozzle, and the vapor and various fine minerals, dust and colloid impurities formed by the reaction are filtered by a filter after passing through a transportation channel, and finally the purified vapor is discharged to a condenser to be condensed and collected; the lead bismuth coolant is provided with driving force by a circulating pump through a pipeline below the container, and is circularly recycled after being heated by the heat tracing section; during this time, the oxygen activity of the lead bismuth coolant was monitored by an oxygen sensor, and the oxygen activity of the lead bismuth coolant was controlled by a flow rate control valve and a flow rate of a reducing gas injection port.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the sea water desalination system in the lead bismuth alloy coolant device provided by the invention can utilize the high temperature and stable physical properties of the lead bismuth alloy coolant to prepare fresh water through evaporation and filtration, and is safe, reliable and efficient.
2. The seawater desalination system in the lead bismuth alloy coolant device provided by the invention can also be used for researching the performance of special devices such as the regulation property of the device on the oxygen activity, the heat transfer property of the lead bismuth alloy coolant, the corrosion property of the lead bismuth alloy coolant, the removal efficiency of solid impurities on the surface in the device, the filtration efficiency of the filtration device and the like in a loop.
3. The sea water desalination system in the lead-bismuth alloy coolant device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in manufacturing and installation.
4. The seawater desalination system can realize the efficient seawater desalination function in an experimental loop and even a reactor device by only controlling the injection quantity of the lead-bismuth coolant and the seawater and adjusting the pressure and the temperature of the system to filter the seawater through evaporation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for sea water desalination in a lead bismuth alloy coolant apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-sea water inlet, 2-lead bismuth coolant nozzle, 3-fresh water steam outlet, 4-filter, 5-heat tracing system, 6-circulating pump, 7-flow regulating valve, 8-oxygen sensor, 9-hydrogen and water inlet, 10-impurity outlet, 11-spiral stirring conveyor and 12-impurity floating on lead bismuth coolant surface.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a sea water desalination system in a lead bismuth alloy coolant device, which comprises an evaporation system, a filtering system and a collecting system.
The working medium in the tank adopts lead bismuth alloy.
Consists of a seawater inlet 1, a lead bismuth coolant nozzle 2, a fresh water steam outlet 3, a filter 4, a heat tracing system 5, a circulating pump 6, a flow regulating valve 7, an oxygen sensor 8, a hydrogen and water inlet 9, an impurity outlet 10, a spiral stirring conveyor 11, impurities 12 floating on the surface of the lead bismuth coolant, other related pipelines and other devices, wherein the system is used for converting the seawater injected into the lead bismuth alloy coolant into water vapor at a certain temperature,
one end of the coolant container is provided with a seawater inlet 1, a steam receiving pipeline at the upper part of the coolant container is internally provided with a lead-bismuth coolant nozzle 2, the top of the pipeline is provided with a fresh water steam outlet 3, a filter 4 is arranged in the fresh water steam outlet 3, and the filter 4 is communicated with the coolant container; the lead-bismuth coolant nozzle 2 is connected to the circulating pump 6 through a pipeline, and the circulating pump 6 is communicated with the bottom of the coolant container through a pipeline; an oxygen sensor 8 is arranged on a pipeline of the circulating pump 6 communicated with the bottom of the coolant container, and a new pipeline is connected in parallel, and a flow regulating valve 7 and a hydrogen and water inlet 9 are arranged on the new pipeline; one side of the coolant container is provided with a spiral stirring conveyor 11, the spiral stirring conveyor 11 discharges impurities 12 floating on the surface of the lead-bismuth coolant in the coolant container from an impurity outlet 10, basic heat tracing is needed in all loops filled with the lead-bismuth alloy in the whole system of the heat tracing system 5, the lead-bismuth alloy is ensured not to be solidified, but the position with an arrow drawn behind a pump in the figure is heat tracing with high power density, and the effects of heating the lead-bismuth alloy and adjusting the temperature are achieved.
The working flow of the seawater desalination system is as follows: the seawater to be desalinated is sprayed into the container from the inlet 1 and is gasified after being contacted with the liquid lead bismuth coolant sprayed from the nozzle 2, the vapor and various fine minerals, dust, colloid and other impurities formed by the reaction pass through the transportation channel and then enter the plasma membrane-plated filter 4 for filtration, and finally the purified vapor 3 is discharged into the condenser for condensation and collection. And the lead bismuth coolant is provided with driving force by a circulating pump 6 through a pipeline below the container, and flows through the heat tracing section 5 for heating and recycling. During this time, the oxygen activity of the lead bismuth coolant is monitored by the oxygen sensor 8, and the oxygen activity of the lead bismuth coolant is controlled by the flow rate of the flow rate control valve 7 and the reducing gas injection port 9.
The circulating working medium adopts lead-bismuth alloy, and comprises lead-bismuth alloy, lead, lithium, lead-lithium alloy and other common heavy metal coolants. The heat source may be electrically heated, or may use thermal energy of the reactor.
The system for desalinating seawater in the lead-bismuth alloy coolant device adopts lead-bismuth alloy as a working medium.
The system operation principle of evaporating the seawater and filtering impurities to obtain fresh water by utilizing the high temperature characteristic of the lead-bismuth coolant, two key components of the spiral stirring conveyor 11 and the filter 4, the efficiency of seawater desalination by utilizing the heat transfer characteristic of the lead-bismuth coolant, the seawater and the impurity layer, and the application of the device in the oil refining industry and other characteristic researches of the lead-bismuth coolant are developed.
A spiral stirring conveyor 11 for removing solid impurities floating on the surface of the lead-bismuth coolant due to density difference generated after the contact evaporation of the seawater and the lead-bismuth in the hydrogen production process by rotating the spiral part, and preventing excessive accumulation of impurities on the surface of the lead-bismuth coolant
The filter 4 is formed by plating a nano-scale filter membrane on the porous filter material to remove micro solid mineral impurities, dust and aerosol impurities in the water vapor. The specific plating method is to adopt an arc ion plating method, melt and evaporate the metal anode material into a nano ion state by utilizing electric energy, combine the nano ion state with ionized element ions such as nitrogen ions, oxygen ions and the like in the controlled environment atmosphere, and attach a layer of nano-scale ceramic filter membrane on the porous filter material of the cathode, so that impurity particles larger than 0.1 micrometer can be filtered. Different metals can be used for adjusting different currents to realize multilayer coating on the cathode porous filter material, and the cathode porous filter material has wide use temperature range and good reliability.
The heat transfer characteristics of the lead-bismuth coolant, the seawater and the impurity layer are utilized to control the seawater desalination efficiency, namely, the working temperature of the lead-bismuth coolant and the heat exchange condition between the lead-bismuth coolant and the seawater can be adjusted by means of adjusting the seawater injection quantity of the device, the power of the system heat tracing, the removal efficiency of solid impurities and the like, so that the seawater desalination efficiency is improved.
The device can flexibly adjust the characteristics of temperature, pressure and the like and the physicochemical characteristics of the lead-bismuth coolant in the device, and can be applied to distillation, catalysis, cracking and other aspects in the petroleum refining industry. There are other properties of the lead bismuth coolant studied by the device, namely, the research and application in aspects of the regulation property of the oxygen activity in the coolant by the system in the loop, the heat transfer property of the lead bismuth alloy coolant, the corrosion property of the lead bismuth alloy coolant, the removal efficiency of the solid impurity screw remover on the surface of the coolant in the device, and the like.
The above examples are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention as filed.
Claims (6)
1. A system for desalinating seawater in a lead bismuth alloy coolant apparatus, comprising: the system comprises an evaporation system, a filtering system, a collecting system and an auxiliary loop, wherein the evaporation system, the filtering system, the collecting system and the auxiliary loop form a loop of a complete sea water desalination system, and the evaporation system distills sea water to separate salt and water vapor from the sea water; the filtering system is used for filtering out residual impurities in the water vapor; the collecting system comprises water vapor collection and impurity collection; the auxiliary loop ensures the running stability of the whole system and regulates and controls the temperature of the system;
the evaporation system comprises a seawater inlet (1), a lead-bismuth coolant nozzle (2) and lead-bismuth coolant, wherein the seawater inlet (1) is arranged at one end of a coolant container, a steam receiving pipeline communicated with the coolant container is arranged at the upper part of the coolant container, the lead-bismuth coolant nozzle (2) is arranged in the steam receiving pipeline, and the lead-bismuth coolant is arranged in the coolant container;
in the collecting system, the water vapor collecting system comprises a fresh water vapor outlet (3), and the fresh water vapor outlet (3) is arranged at the top of the vapor receiving pipeline; the impurity collecting system comprises an impurity outlet (10) and a spiral stirring conveyor (11), wherein the spiral stirring conveyor (11) is arranged on one side of the coolant container, and the spiral stirring conveyor (11) discharges impurities (12) floating on the surface of the lead-bismuth coolant in the coolant container from the impurity outlet (10).
2. A system for desalination of sea water in a lead bismuth alloy coolant plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the filter system comprises a filter (4), wherein the filter (4) is arranged inside the fresh water vapor outlet (3), and the filter (4) is communicated with the coolant container.
3. A system for desalination of sea water in a lead bismuth alloy coolant plant as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the filter (4) is formed by plating a nano-scale filter membrane on a porous filter material, so as to remove tiny solid mineral impurities, dust and aerosol impurities in the water vapor.
4. A system for desalination of sea water in a lead bismuth alloy coolant apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the auxiliary loop comprises a circulating pump (6), a flow regulating valve (7), an oxygen sensor (8), an inlet (9) for hydrogen and water, the circulating pump (6) is connected to a pipeline of the lead-bismuth coolant nozzle (2), and the circulating pump (6) is communicated with the bottom of the coolant container through the pipeline; an oxygen sensor (8) is arranged on a pipeline which is communicated with the bottom of the coolant container and is connected with a new pipeline in parallel, the new pipeline is connected to a pipeline between the circulating pump (6) and the oxygen sensor (8), and a flow regulating valve (7) and an inlet (9) for hydrogen and water are arranged on the new pipeline.
5. A system for desalinating sea water in a lead-bismuth alloy coolant apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the auxiliary loop also comprises a heat tracing system (5), and the heat tracing system (5) provides basic heat tracing for all loops filled with the lead-bismuth alloy in the whole system.
6. A system for desalinating sea water in a lead-bismuth alloy coolant apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the seawater to be desalinated is sprayed into a coolant container from a seawater inlet (1) to be gasified after being contacted with liquid lead-bismuth coolant sprayed from a lead-bismuth coolant nozzle (2), and water vapor and various fine minerals, dust and colloid impurities formed by the reaction are filtered by a filter (4) after passing through a conveying channel, and finally the purified water vapor is discharged into a condenser to be condensed and collected; the lead bismuth coolant is provided with driving force by a circulating pump (6) through a pipeline below the container, and flows through a heat tracing system (5) for heating and then is recycled; during this time, the oxygen activity of the lead-bismuth coolant is monitored by an oxygen sensor (8), and the oxygen activity of the lead-bismuth coolant is controlled by the flow rate of a flow rate control valve (7) and a reducing gas injection port (9).
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| CN202110788868.2A CN113479971B (en) | 2021-07-13 | 2021-07-13 | System for desalinating seawater in lead-bismuth alloy coolant device |
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| CN202110788868.2A CN113479971B (en) | 2021-07-13 | 2021-07-13 | System for desalinating seawater in lead-bismuth alloy coolant device |
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| CN113479971B true CN113479971B (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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| CN114057160A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-02-18 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | System and method for producing hydrogen in liquid heavy metal coolant device |
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2021
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