CN113478818B - Medium-low frequency sound absorption structural part and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Medium-low frequency sound absorption structural part and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a middle and low frequency sound absorption structural part and a preparation method thereof, wherein the middle and low frequency sound absorption structural part comprises a structural part formed by fusing, depositing and 3D printing a high polymer material, wherein a plurality of through holes for absorbing middle and low frequency sound waves are arranged in the structural part; the cross section of the through hole is in a sawtooth shape. Designing the aperture, the angle and the number of the multistage perforations in the sound absorption structure by adopting three-dimensional modeling software; simultaneously through extrusion moulding equipment manufacture polymer filiform printing consumptive material, use filiform consumptive material as the raw materials at last, utilize 3D printer machine-shaping to go out the sound-absorbing structure who has different oblique angle of penetration and progression. The structure of the invention can improve the reflection of sound waves in the material and enhance the sound absorption performance, the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, the production period is short, the resonant sound absorption peak frequency and intensity can be effectively controlled by adjusting the characteristic parameters of the sound absorption structure, such as the perforation rate, the aperture size, the inclination angle, the inclined penetration grade number and the like, the medium-low frequency sound absorption structural member with excellent performance is obtained, and the large-scale production and application are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a sound absorption member and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a medium-low frequency sound absorption structural member with multistage inclined holes by fused deposition modeling 3D printing.
Background
Noise pollution is a physical pollution widely existing in construction sites, automobiles, high-speed rails and the like, and causes serious harm to human life, wherein the lower the frequency is, the strongest the amplitude of noise in an antinode is, and the most serious harm is to human health. Sound-absorbing materials can be classified into resonance type sound-absorbing structural materials and porous sound-absorbing materials according to different sound-absorbing mechanisms. The porous sound absorption material is internally provided with a plurality of microscopic pores which are directly communicated with the surface of the material or internally provided with a plurality of mutually communicated air bubbles, and the sound energy can be converted into the heat energy to be dissipated due to viscosity and heat conduction effect. The porous sound absorption material has better sound absorption performance at medium and high frequencies, but the sound absorption performance at medium and low frequencies is generally poorer. The sound absorption structure of the micropunch plate made of the resonance sound absorption material provided by Mada 29495et al adopts a thin metal plate with the plate thickness and the hole diameter of less than 1mm and the perforation rate of 1% -3% and a back air layer to form the sound absorption structure of the micropunch plate, and is obviously superior to the traditional perforated plate in the aspects of sound absorption coefficient and sound absorption frequency band. But when it is used to absorb lower frequency sound waves, the structure needs to have a cavity depth of more than 20cm, which can significantly restrict its application. Therefore, the development of a material with good sound absorption performance at medium and low frequencies is imminent.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a sound absorption structure which can improve the sound absorption coefficient of a low-frequency region under the condition of not increasing the volume or the thickness of a material; a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a multi-stage inclined hole sound absorption structure using fused deposition modeling 3D printing.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a medium-low frequency sound absorption structural part, which comprises a structural part formed by fusing, depositing and 3D printing a high polymer material, wherein a plurality of through holes for absorbing low-frequency sound waves are formed in the structural part; the cross section of the through hole is in a sawtooth shape.
In the technical scheme, the frequency range of the medium-low frequency sound wave is 100-1000 Hz, the effective cavity depth can be increased under the condition that the thickness of the absorber structural member is not changed by arranging the serrated through holes, the friction between the sound wave and the hole wall is improved by the added air columns, the loss of the sound wave entering the plate is increased, the peak value of the sound absorption coefficient is increased, and the absorption frequency moves towards low frequency; the zigzag perforation can also change the propagation path of the sound wave in the cavity of the backing, so that a plurality of resonant cavities are formed in the cavity of the backing, and a plurality of small resonance peak values can be formed due to different resonance frequencies of the resonant cavities, thereby further improving the sound absorption coefficient; in addition, the sawtooth-shaped perforation can increase the reflection times of the sound waves in the cavity, effectively improve the attenuation distance of the sound waves in the air, and therefore sound absorption performance is improved.
Further, for the convenience of 3D printing parameter design and reduction of printing process's error, the cockscomb structure is that the equal pore of multistage length arranges with the same folding angle and forms, the diameter of pore is 1.5~2.0mm, and the contained angle between the adjacent pore is 30~ 60. Because the lengths of the pore channels in the sawtooth structure are equal and the included angles of the adjacent pore channels are also equal, the sound waves are ensured to be transmitted in the through holes in the mutually perpendicular directions all the time, the length of the reciprocating oscillation air column is effectively prolonged, the reflection of the sound waves in the material is increased, and therefore the low-frequency sound absorption coefficient is improved. The saw-toothed structure is not limited to the structure with equal length, and the saw-toothed structure can also be formed by folding and arranging pore passages with different lengths, or the cross section of the through hole is designed into a wave-shaped or S-shaped structure with a curved surface.
Furthermore, the through holes are uniformly or non-uniformly distributed in the structural member, and the perforation rate of the structural member is 7.6-33%. The perforation rate actually refers to the ratio of the sum of the sectional areas of the perforations on the cross section of the structural member to the total area of the cross section, and the perforation rate directly influences the absorption effect of the structural member on sound waves of different frequency bands.
Furthermore, the inner wall of the through hole is of a rough structure, and the roughness of the inner wall is regulated and controlled through a fused deposition 3D printing forming method. By utilizing the 3D printing technology, the roughness and the density of the inner wall of the inclined hole in the component can be effectively controlled by changing the printing speed, the filling density of the wire rod and other parameters in the slicing software, so that the inner wall of the perforation is of a rough structure, the rough structure comprises channel bulges which are arranged at intervals, or other structures such as hole shapes and the like, the rough surface can effectively improve the multiple reflection of sound waves in the construction, and the sound absorption performance is improved.
Further, the polymer material includes any one of polylactic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic, polycarbonate or polypropylene.
Further, the structural member is cylindrical, cubic cylindrical, spherical or ellipsoidal.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the medium and low frequency sound absorption structural part, which comprises the following steps:
1) designing the diameter, the bending angle and the number of the inner through holes of the sound absorption structural part through three-dimensional modeling software;
2) then preparing the high-molecular filamentous printing supplies through extrusion molding;
3) and finally, processing and forming the middle-low frequency sound absorption structural part with different oblique penetration angles and stages by using a 3D printer by taking the filiform consumables as a raw material.
In the scheme, the 3D printing technology can obtain a complex structure which is difficult to accurately process by some conventional means. Modeling is carried out through computer modeling software, and the built three-dimensional model is partitioned into sections, namely slices, layer by layer, so as to guide the printer to print layer by layer. Fused deposition modeling 3D printing is a filamentous thermoplastic polymer wire that is melted by an extrusion head and extruded into a thin rod that is deposited layer-by-layer at a predetermined location. This printing technique is the most cost-effective way to produce customized thermoplastic parts and prototypes, and by adjusting the printing parameters, a mesh structure with different densities is obtained, contributing to the improved sound absorption.
Further, in the step 2), the extrusion molding specifically comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing high polymer raw material powder with a toughening agent, drying at 30-50 ℃ for 2-3 h, pouring into a feed inlet of extrusion equipment, heating to a molten state, and extruding filamentous printing consumables; wherein the heating temperature is 170-180 ℃, and the rotating speed of a screw of the extrusion equipment is 45-65 r/min; the mass ratio of the high polymer raw material powder to the toughening agent is 9: 1-9.6: 0.4.
further, in step 3), the parameters of the 3D printer are specifically set as: the printing speed is 30-60 mm/s, the filling density is 20-50%, the printing temperature is 190-210 ℃, and the platform temperature is 50-55 ℃.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) according to the invention, a middle-low frequency sound absorption structure with multistage inclined holes is processed and molded by using a 3D printing technology, and the resonant sound absorption peak frequency and intensity can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the perforation rate, the aperture size, the inclination angle and the inclined penetration grade number of the sound absorption structure, so that a middle-low frequency sound absorption structural part with excellent performance is finally obtained; (2) the invention can also effectively control the roughness and the density of the inner wall of the inclined hole in the component, and can effectively improve multiple reflection of sound waves in the construction interior through the rough surface of the inner wall of the perforation, thereby improving the sound absorption performance; (3) compared with the traditional straight hole plate, the multi-level inclined hole sound absorption structure can still ensure a certain perforation rate and can effectively prolong the length of the reciprocating oscillation air column under the condition of not increasing the thickness or the volume of a material structure; meanwhile, the multistage inclined holes increase the reflection of sound waves in the material, and the medium and low frequency sound absorption coefficient is comprehensively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a sound absorbing structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structure in the range of 100 to 6300Hz with frequency in example 1;
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of the inner wall of a perforation in the structural member of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structure in the range of 100 to 6300Hz with frequency in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structure in the range of 100 to 6300Hz with frequency in example 3;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structure in the range of 100 to 6300Hz with frequency in example 4;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation of the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structure in the range of 100 to 6300Hz with frequency in example 5;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the variation of the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structure member in the range of 100 to 6300Hz with frequency in comparative example 2;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a sound-absorbing structural member in comparative example 1;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the variation of the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structure according to the frequency in the range of 100 to 6300Hz in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the middle and low frequency sound absorption structure comprises a structure 1 and through holes 2 for absorbing low frequency sound waves in the structure 1, wherein the cross section of each through hole 2 is in a sawtooth shape and is formed by arranging multiple stages of pore canals 21 with equal length at the same folding angle.
Example 1
1) A cylinder with the diameter of 29mm and the height of 80mm is constructed by using 3ds max three-dimensional modeling software, and then a broken line hole is designed in the cylinder, wherein the hole diameter is 1.5mm, the bending angle of the broken line hole is 40 degrees, the number of the broken line holes is 18, and the perforation rate is 14.08%.
2) Manufacturing a polylactic acid (PLA) filamentous printing consumable with the diameter of 1.75mm by using extrusion molding equipment; mixing PLA powder and a toughening agent according to a mass ratio of 9: 1, preparing and uniformly mixing; drying the mixed raw materials at 30 ℃ for 2 h, pouring the dried mixed raw materials into a feed inlet of an extrusion device, heating the raw materials to a molten state, pushing the molten raw materials to extrude wires from an extrusion head by the rotation of a screw, wherein the heating temperature is 170 ℃, the rotation speed of the screw is 45r/min, and the diameter of the extrusion head is 1.75 mm.
3) Utilize 3D printer machine-shaping, set up 3D printer parameter: the printing speed is 30 mm/s, the filling density is 50%, the printing temperature is 190 ℃, the platform temperature is 50 ℃, and finally the sound absorption structural part is printed.
The sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member with the frequency range of 100-6300 Hz, which is manufactured by the embodiment, is tested by an AWA6290T type transfer function sound absorption coefficient measurement system.
Comparative example 1
1) A cylinder with a diameter of 29mm and a height of 80mm was constructed using 3ds max three-dimensional modeling software, and then straight-line holes with a hole diameter of 1.5mm, a number of holes of 18, and a perforation rate of 4.8% were designed inside the cylinder.
2) A polylactic acid (PLA) filament-like printing consumable having a diameter of 1.75mm was manufactured by an extrusion molding apparatus, and was specifically prepared as in example 1.
3) Utilize 3D printer machine-shaping, set up 3D printer parameter: the printing speed is 30 mm/s, the filling density is 50%, the printing temperature is 190 ℃, the platform temperature is 50 ℃, and finally the sound absorption structural part is printed.
The sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member with the frequency range of 100-6300 Hz, which is manufactured by the embodiment, is tested by an AWA6290T type transfer function sound absorption coefficient measurement system.
Fig. 9 is a schematic sectional structure view of a sound-absorbing member manufactured in comparative example 1, in which perforations are straight holes; referring to fig. 10, the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member with the straight holes at the low frequency of 560Hz is 0.43. Referring to fig. 2, compared with a sound absorption structural member with a straight hole, the perforation rate of the sound absorption structural member with a bending angle of 40 degrees is obviously improved, more resonance frequencies are shown, the sound absorption performance of the sound absorption structural member with a frequency of 0-2000 Hz is enhanced, and particularly, the sound absorption coefficients of the sound absorption structural member reach 0.48-0.42 at 480Hz and 1500Hz respectively. Referring to fig. 3, a rough texture is created in the resulting perforated inner wall, illustrating that controlling the roughness of the perforated inner wall in the structure can be achieved using 3D printing techniques.
Example 2
1) A cylinder with the diameter of 29mm and the height of 80mm is constructed by using 3ds max three-dimensional modeling software, and then a broken line hole is designed in the cylinder, wherein the hole diameter is 1.5mm, the bending angle of the broken line hole channel is 50 degrees, the number of the broken line holes is 18, and the perforation rate is 11.39%.
2) Manufacturing a polypropylene (PP) thread-like printing consumable material with the diameter of 1.75mm by using extrusion molding equipment; and (2) mixing PP powder with a toughening agent according to a mass ratio of 9.6: 0.4, preparing and uniformly mixing; drying the mixed raw materials at 40 ℃ for 3 h, pouring the dried mixed raw materials into a feed inlet of an extrusion device, heating the raw materials to a molten state, pushing the molten raw materials to extrude wires from an extrusion head by the rotation of a screw, wherein the heating temperature is 180 ℃, the rotation speed of the screw is 65r/min, and the diameter of the extrusion head is 1.75 mm.
3) Utilize 3D printer machine-shaping, set up 3D printer parameter: the printing speed is 40 mm/s, the filling density is 30%, the printing temperature is 200 ℃, the platform temperature is 55 ℃, and finally the sound absorption structural part is printed.
The sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member with the frequency range of 100-6300 Hz, which is manufactured by the embodiment, is tested by an AWA6290T type transfer function sound absorption coefficient measurement system.
Referring to fig. 4, along with the increase of the bending angle of the polygonal line hole, the perforation rate of the sound absorption structural member is reduced to a certain extent, the frequency of the absorption peak gradually moves to high frequency, and the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member is improved to 0.51 to 0.41 at 488Hz and 1500Hz respectively.
Example 3
1) A cylinder with the diameter of 29mm and the height of 80mm is constructed by using 3ds max three-dimensional modeling software, and then a fold line hole is designed in the cylinder, wherein the hole diameter is 1.5mm, the bending angle of the fold line hole is 60 degrees, the number of the fold line holes is 18, and the perforation rate is 9.63%.
2) Manufacturing a Polycarbonate (PC) wire-shaped printing consumable material with the diameter of 1.75mm by using an extrusion molding device; mixing PC powder and a toughening agent according to a mass ratio of 9.2: 0.8, preparing and uniformly mixing; drying the mixed raw materials at 50 ℃ for 3 h, pouring the dried mixed raw materials into a feed inlet of an extrusion device, heating the raw materials to a molten state, pushing the molten raw materials to extrude wires from an extrusion head by the rotation of a screw, wherein the heating temperature is 180 ℃, the rotation speed of the screw is 50r/min, and the diameter of the extrusion head is 1.75 mm.
3) Utilize 3D printer machine-shaping, set up 3D printer parameter: the printing speed is 60mm/s, the filling density is 400%, the printing temperature is 210 ℃, the platform temperature is 50 ℃, and finally the sound absorption structural part is printed.
The sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member with the frequency range of 100-6300 Hz, which is manufactured by the embodiment, is tested by an AWA6290T type transfer function sound absorption coefficient measurement system.
Referring to fig. 5, when the bending angle of the sound absorption structural member in the fold line hole reaches 60 degrees, the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member reaches 0.6 at 580 Hz.
Example 4
1) A cylinder with the diameter of 29mm and the height of 80mm is constructed by using 3ds max three-dimensional modeling software, and then a fold line hole with the aperture of 2.0mm, the bending angle of the fold line hole of 30 degrees, the number of the fold line holes of 18 and the perforation rate of 33.08 percent is designed in the cylinder.
2) Manufacturing a polylactic acid (PLA) filamentous printing consumable with the diameter of 1.75mm by using extrusion molding equipment; mixing PLA powder and a toughening agent according to a mass ratio of 9: 1, preparing and uniformly mixing; drying the mixed raw materials at 30 ℃ for 2 h, pouring the dried mixed raw materials into a feed inlet of an extrusion device, heating the raw materials to a molten state, pushing the molten raw materials to extrude wires from an extrusion head by the rotation of a screw, wherein the heating temperature is 170 ℃, the rotation speed of the screw is 45r/min, and the diameter of the extrusion head is 1.75 mm.
3) Utilize 3D printer machine-shaping, set up 3D printer parameter: the printing speed is 30 mm/s, the filling density is 50%, the printing temperature is 190 ℃, the platform temperature is 50 ℃, and finally the sound absorption structural part is printed.
The sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member with the frequency range of 100-6300 Hz, which is manufactured by the embodiment, is tested by an AWA6290T type transfer function sound absorption coefficient measurement system.
Referring to fig. 6, increasing the aperture of the fold line hole and reducing the bending angle can greatly improve the perforation rate of the sound absorption member, the sound absorption coefficient at 744 Hz can reach-1, and the sound wave of the frequency can be completely absorbed basically; in addition, the absorption intensity of other resonance peaks is greatly improved, and the sound absorption bandwidth is effectively widened.
Example 5
1) A cylinder with the diameter of 29mm and the height of 80mm is constructed by using 3ds max three-dimensional modeling software, and then a fold line hole is designed in the cylinder, wherein the hole diameter is 1.5mm, the bending angle of the fold line hole is 50 degrees, the number of the fold line holes is 12, and the opening rate is 7.60%.
2) Manufacturing a polylactic acid (PLA) filamentous printing consumable with the diameter of 1.75mm by using extrusion molding equipment; mixing PLA powder and a toughening agent according to a mass ratio of 9: 1, preparing and uniformly mixing; drying the mixed raw materials at 30 ℃ for 2 h, pouring the dried mixed raw materials into a feed inlet of an extrusion device, heating the raw materials to a molten state, pushing the molten raw materials to extrude wires from an extrusion head by the rotation of a screw, wherein the heating temperature is 170 ℃, the rotation speed of the screw is 45r/min, and the diameter of the extrusion head is 1.75 mm.
3) Utilize 3D printer machine-shaping, set up 3D printer parameter: the printing speed is 30 mm/s, the filling density is 50%, the printing temperature is 190 ℃, the platform temperature is 50 ℃, and finally the sound absorption structural part is printed.
The sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member with the frequency range of 100-6300 Hz, which is manufactured by the embodiment, is tested by an AWA6290T type transfer function sound absorption coefficient measurement system.
Referring to fig. 7, in comparison with example 2, it can be seen that the number of the fold lines is reduced, the aperture ratio is reduced, resulting in the reduction of the sound absorption coefficient of the structural member, and at 472 Hz, the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member is 0.31, so the aperture ratio of the structural member must be greater than 7.6%.
Comparative example 2
1) A cylinder with the diameter of 29mm and the height of 80mm is constructed by using 3ds max three-dimensional modeling software, and then a fold line hole is designed in the cylinder, wherein the hole diameter is 1.0mm, the bending angle of the fold line hole is 70 degrees, the number of the fold line holes is 27, and the opening rate is 5.60%.
2) Manufacturing a polylactic acid (PLA) filamentous printing consumable with the diameter of 1.75mm by using extrusion molding equipment; mixing PLA powder and a toughening agent according to a mass ratio of 9: 1, preparing and uniformly mixing; drying the mixed raw materials at 30 ℃ for 2 h, pouring the dried mixed raw materials into a feed inlet of an extrusion device, heating the raw materials to a molten state, pushing the molten raw materials to extrude wires from an extrusion head by the rotation of a screw, wherein the heating temperature is 170 ℃, the rotation speed of the screw is 45r/min, and the diameter of the extrusion head is 1.75 mm.
3) Utilize 3D printer machine-shaping, set up 3D printer parameter: the printing speed is 30 mm/s, the filling density is 50%, the printing temperature is 190 ℃, the platform temperature is 50 ℃, and finally the sound absorption structural part is printed.
The sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member with the frequency range of 100-6300 Hz, which is manufactured by the embodiment, is tested by an AWA6290T type transfer function sound absorption coefficient measurement system.
Referring to fig. 8, when the bending angle of the sound absorption structural member in the folding hole is 70 ° and the aperture is 1mm, although the number of the folding holes is greatly increased, the aperture ratio is still reduced by 5.6%, and the sound absorption performance is further degraded, at 512 Hz, the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption structural member is only-0.24, therefore, the aperture of the folding hole, the reduction of the bending angle and the perforation ratio are important factors influencing the sound absorption effect, and by adjusting the characteristic parameters of the sound absorption structure, such as the perforation ratio, the aperture size, the inclination angle and the oblique penetration number, the resonance sound absorption peak frequency and the intensity can be effectively controlled, and the middle and low frequency sound absorption structural member with excellent performance is obtained.
Claims (9)
1. A middle and low frequency sound absorption structure is characterized in that: the structure comprises a structural part (1) formed by 3D printing of a high polymer material through fused deposition, wherein a plurality of through holes (2) for absorbing low-frequency sound waves are formed in the structural part; the cross section of the perforation (2) is in a sawtooth shape;
the sawtooth shape is formed by arranging multiple stages of pore channels (21) with equal length at the same folding angle, the diameter D of each pore channel is 1.5-2.0 mm, and the included angle alpha between every two adjacent pore channels is 30-60 degrees.
2. The medium and low frequency sound absorbing structure of claim 1 wherein: the through holes (2) are uniformly or non-uniformly distributed in the structural member, and the perforation rate of the structural member (1) is 7.6-33%.
3. The medium and low frequency sound absorbing structure of claim 1 wherein: the inner wall of the through hole (2) is of a coarse structure, and the roughness of the inner wall is regulated and controlled through a fused deposition 3D printing forming method.
4. The medium and low frequency sound absorbing structure of claim 1 wherein: the high polymer material comprises any one of polylactic acid, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic, polycarbonate or polypropylene.
5. The medium and low frequency sound absorbing structure of claim 1 wherein: the structural member is cylindrical, cubic cylindrical, spherical or ellipsoidal.
6. A method of making a mid-to-low frequency sound absorbing structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) designing the diameter, the bending angle and the number of the inner through holes of the sound absorption structural part through three-dimensional modeling software;
2) then preparing the high-molecular filamentous printing supplies through extrusion molding;
3) and finally, processing and forming the middle-low frequency sound absorption structural part with different oblique penetration angles and different levels by using a 3D printer by taking filiform consumables as raw materials.
7. The method of making a mid-low frequency sound absorbing structure according to claim 6, wherein: in the step 2), the extrusion molding comprises the following specific steps: uniformly mixing high polymer raw material powder with a toughening agent, drying at 30-50 ℃ for 2-3 h, pouring into a feed inlet of extrusion equipment, heating to a molten state, and extruding filamentous printing consumables; wherein the heating temperature is 170-180 ℃, and the rotating speed of a screw of the extrusion equipment is 45-65 r/min.
8. The method of making a mid-low frequency sound absorbing structure of claim 7, wherein: the mass ratio of the high polymer raw material powder to the toughening agent is 9: 1-9.6: 0.4.
9. the method of making a mid-low frequency sound absorbing structure of claim 6, wherein: in the step 3), the parameters of the 3D printer are specifically set as: the printing speed is 30-60 mm/s, the filling density is 20-50%, the printing temperature is 190-210 ℃, and the platform temperature is 50-55 ℃.
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