CN113476128B - Anti-extraction bone screw - Google Patents
Anti-extraction bone screw Download PDFInfo
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- CN113476128B CN113476128B CN202110970456.0A CN202110970456A CN113476128B CN 113476128 B CN113476128 B CN 113476128B CN 202110970456 A CN202110970456 A CN 202110970456A CN 113476128 B CN113476128 B CN 113476128B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/683—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin comprising bone transfixation elements, e.g. bolt with a distal cooperating element such as a nut
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
- A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
- A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B2017/564—Methods for bone or joint treatment
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Prostheses (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments and provides an anti-extraction bone screw. The method comprises the following steps: a screw body made of a non-deformable metallic material, the screw body having a thread on a threaded shaft; an elastic metal tooth tip is arranged at the crest of the thread, and the interaction force between the thread and a bone is increased through the elastic metal tooth tip with deformation resilience; the elastic metal cusp enables the screw body to keep a small range of micro-motion in the transverse direction and the axial direction. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the screw solves the problem that the bone screw is loosened and separated under the action of fatigue load, vibration, bone absorption and other conditions after being implanted for a long time, and has good biological activity and safety performance in the long-term application and practice process, so that the actual clinical application effect of the bone screw which needs to be implanted for a long time can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an anti-extraction bone screw.
Background
Fracture is an acute clinical problem which is faced by a traumatic orthopedist daily, single or reciprocating overload is a main cause of fracture generation, predictable tissue damage is caused, and meanwhile, in the fracture or repair process of certain specific parts (parts bearing more fatigue load, such as ankle, spine, oral cavity, joint and other moving parts), more effective and durable fixation is often needed to achieve the expected clinical effect. For the corresponding instruments, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the fixing process by increasing the pullout resistance, the pull-out resistance of the screw.
Bone screws are implants that come into direct contact with bone, and the stability of their bonding to bone material is the most critical factor in the success or failure of the overall fracture treatment procedure. The fundamental reason for the loosening and extraction of the outer nail is that the inner and outer thread connection between the outer nail and the bone fails, or the bone material at the connection part is gradually absorbed to reduce the pressure of the contact surface, so that the screw is separated under the fatigue action. In the aspects of biomechanics and engineering, the stability of the screw is the contact problem of a screw-bone interface, and the problem of screw failure and looseness is the problem that the screw rotates and further has failure action due to the fact that torque provided by friction is smaller than torque of instant vibration, namely, the problem that the screw is loosened and separated under the conditions of fatigue load, vibration, bone absorption action and the like after the bone screw is implanted for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-pull-out bone screw to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a pullout-resistant bone screw, comprising: a screw body made of a non-deformable metallic material, the screw body having a thread on a threaded shaft; an elastic metal tooth point is arranged at the crest of the thread, and the interaction force between the thread and a bone is increased through the elastic metal tooth point with deformation resilience; the elastic metal tooth point enables the screw body to keep a small range of micro-motion in the transverse direction and the axial direction.
In an optional embodiment, the crest of the thread is matched with the elastic metal tooth tip through a clamping groove type structure, and the elastic metal tooth tip with different elastic modulus is replaced when aiming at different patients.
In an optional embodiment, the thread crest of the thread and the clamping groove type structure of the elastic metal tooth tip are circular arc-shaped clamping groove matching structures, the elastic metal tooth tip can rotate in a circular arc-shaped groove at the thread crest, and the rotation range is from-5 degrees to +5 degrees.
In an optional embodiment, the thread crest of the thread and the clamping groove type structure of the elastic metal tooth tip are in a concave-convex type clamping groove matching structure, and the elastic metal tooth tip is fixed in the groove at the thread crest.
In an optional embodiment, the thread crest of the thread and the clamping groove type structure of the elastic metal tooth tip are gear-mesh type clamping groove matching structures, and the elastic metal tooth tip is fixed in the groove at the thread crest.
In an optional embodiment, the elastic material adopted by the elastic metal cusp is a medical elastic metal material or a medical polymer material.
In an optional embodiment, the medical elastic metal material is a medical nickel-titanium alloy material or a medical elastic stainless steel material.
In an optional embodiment, the medical polymer material is a medical polyetheretherketone material, a medical high cross-linked polyethylene, a medical polypropylene, a medical polyurethane, or a medical polyurethane material.
In alternative embodiments, the screws include all types of bone screws that require long term implantation and good holding force for orthopedic applications.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the anti-extraction bone screw is provided with the elastic metal cusp at the crest, the added elastic metal cusp has good elastic deformation performance and corresponding mechanical property, the problem that the bone screw is loosened and separated under the conditions of fatigue load, vibration, bone absorption and the like after being implanted for a long time is solved, good biological activity and safety performance of the anti-extraction bone screw are verified in the long-term application and practice process, and the actual clinical application effect of the bone screw which needs to be implanted for a long time can be effectively improved.
(2) The clamping groove matching structure of the anti-pull-out bone screw is simple and efficient to assemble, does not introduce novel impurities, and is flexible to assemble and disassemble according to clinical requirements; particularly, the circular arc-shaped clamping groove is matched to ensure that the elastic metal cusp at the crest has the characteristic of axial micro motion in a small range, so that the screw is suitable for fixing the screw at a bone injury part in a fatigue load action environment, and the anti-pull-out action of the screw can be better realized; the concave-convex clamping groove matching and the gear meshing type clamping groove matching are more suitable for fixing the screws at the fracture injury parts in a relatively constant load action environment, the elastic metal tooth tips can enable the screws to keep small-range micro motion in the transverse direction and the axial direction, the load can be better conducted, and the effects of stable fixing and pulling-out resistance are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an anti-pullout bone screw cooperatively connected with a circular arc-shaped slot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an anti-pullout bone screw cooperatively connected with a male and female slot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a pull-out resistant bone screw engaged with a gear-engaging type socket provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view at B-B in fig. 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly or indirectly secured to the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positions based on the orientations or positions shown in the drawings, and are for convenience of description only and not to be construed as limiting the technical solution. The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used merely for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. The meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-2, an object of the present embodiment is to provide a bone screw with pull-out resistance, including: the bone screw (implant abutment) is made of pure titanium base material, and in order to ensure the tight combination of the implant and jawbone sclerotin in the implantation process, the cusp made of nickel-titanium alloy elastic metal material is added at the top of the thread crest, so that the combination force between the abutment and the sclerotin can be increased, the interface combination between the sclerotin and the screw can be better induced, and the use stabilizing effect after the tooth implantation is improved. And the teeth bear low-stress fatigue load in the oral cavity, and in the using process, the elastic material can provide long-term effective fastening effect for the implant.
Compared with the overall elastic screw, the elastic screw is arranged on the crest of the tooth so as to enhance the fastening force of the elastic screw in the fixing process, and meanwhile, the functionality of the whole screw is ensured, a fixing instrument with more reliable rigidity and strength is needed in the fixing process of certain bearing parts or fracture stress concentration parts, and if the elastic screw is integrally adopted, adverse conditions such as unstable fracture healing can occur.
In addition, the cooperation mode between elasticity nickel titanium alloy material and the screw body is the cooperation of circular arc type draw-in groove, can guarantee that the elasticity material can have the micro-rotation in the base member to the fatigue stress effect in the adaptation oral cavity environment that can be better is applicable to the fatigue load effect in the fine motion environment. It should be noted that the deformation amplitude of the elastic material is related to the elastic modulus of the elastic material and the matching depth between the nail bodies, the total moving range is not large, and the elastic material can well ensure the quality of new bones and has certain energy absorption performance.
In addition, the advantage of circular arc draw-in groove connection structure comparing other connected mode is that its home range is great relatively, and the adaptation disease scope is bigger than other two kinds of cooperation connected modes in the application, and under the fatigue load effect, its axial fine motion characteristic can better conversion load. The transverse micro-motion range has no difference with other two matching modes, and the transverse micro-motion range has the advantages that the functionality of the screw can be ensured, and the application environment with more complex load can be adapted. In addition, there are also corresponding differences in their structural and mechanical properties.
Furthermore, the screw body can be made of biomedical stainless steel, pure titanium, Ti6Al4V, Ti6Al7Nb, TiZr alloy and the like. The elastic metal dental tip can be made of elastic polymer materials such as nickel-titanium alloy, medical elastic stainless steel, PEEK, high cross-linked polyethylene and the like.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3-6, the present embodiment provides an anti-pullout bone screw, including: in the process of hip joint replacement, the fixation of the acetabular cup often needs a very stable effect to ensure a good use effect after the final joint replacement. Generally, titanium nails with different sizes are selected to fix the mortar cup according to the bone condition of a patient in the operation process, the mortar cup is used as a bearing foundation of the whole hip joint, and the mortar cup is necessary to be stably and durably fixed, and the bone condition of many old patients is not ideal and is often accompanied with osteoporosis, bone absorption and other conditions. Set up unsmooth formula draw-in groove complex PEEK elastomeric element at fixed titanium screw thread crest, the lasting deformation resilience ability of usable macromolecular material forms the relatively lasting interaction force between screw and sclerotin, can avoid appearing the fixed not hard up of false body that diseases such as osteoporosis, bone resorption cause because of the patient when realizing stable fixed, leads to the condition of treatment failure to take place.
Preferably, the matching mode between the elastic material and the titanium nail is the matching of a concave-convex clamping groove and a gear-meshed clamping groove, and the stability of the overall performance of the titanium nail can be ensured.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 5-6, the present embodiment provides an anti-pullout bone screw, including: in the spinal column therapeutic implantation instrument, the pedicle screw is used most frequently, and the structure and the material of the pedicle screw which is also used as the implantation instrument needing permanent mechanical fixation can be further optimized.
In the process of treating scoliosis, a nickel-titanium alloy elastic metal dental point is added to the thread crest of the pedicle screw made of Ti6Al4V in a gear-meshing type matching mode, so that the cutting capability of the screw screwing-in process can be ensured, meanwhile, the nickel-titanium alloy is elastically deformed in the screwing-in process, a lasting interaction force can be formed between the screw and a bone substance, the stability in the screw fixing process is further improved, and the anti-extraction capability of the pedicle screw is improved. In the process of connecting the transverse connector and the connecting rod, the screw can keep a small-range micro motion in the transverse direction and the axial direction due to the elastic metal cusp, so that the spinal load can be better conducted, and the design effects of stable fixation and pulling resistance are realized. It should be noted that the change of the elastic modulus of the cusp is mainly reflected in the change of the material, and the elastic material in the medical material is mainly nickel-titanium alloy, stainless steel and medical polymer material. The main technical contribution of the invention is the position arrangement of the elastic metal tooth cusp and the technical effect brought by the elastic metal tooth cusp.
Example four
Referring to fig. 3-4, the present embodiment is directed to provide an anti-pullout bone screw that requires stable fixation for at least 3-9 months for internal fixation screws used for general fractures or screws used in conjunction with bone plates and marrow. Some of which will be removed later. Some instruments are permanently retained in the human body.
The most common Ti6Al4V alloy screw is applied, and the stability and the anti-pull-out capability of the screw in the actual use process can be improved by optimizing the material of the thread crest. In addition, in the use process of the bone plate, the screw bears the connection and transmission action between the bone plate and the bone, and the stability and the anti-pulling capacity of the screw can be improved by adding elastic metal or high polymer materials at the thread crest of the screw in a gear mesh type clamping groove matching mode.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A pullout resistant bone screw, comprising: a screw body made of a non-deformable metallic material, the screw body having a thread on a threaded shaft;
the method is characterized in that: an elastic metal tooth point is arranged at the crest of the thread, extends along the central line of the crest of the thread and is exposed, and the elastic metal tooth point with deformation resilience performance increases the interaction force between the thread and a bone; the elastic metal tooth point enables the screw body to keep small-range micro-motion in the transverse direction and the axial direction;
the thread crest of the thread and the clamping groove type structure of the elastic metal tooth point are in an arc-shaped clamping groove matching structure; or the crest of the thread and the clamping groove type structure of the elastic metal tooth tip are in a concave-convex clamping groove matching structure; or the thread crest of the thread and the clamping groove type structure of the elastic metal tooth point are in a gear meshing type clamping groove matching structure.
2. The extraction-resistant bone screw of claim 1, wherein when the crest of the thread and the groove-type structure of the resilient metal tip are circular arc shaped groove-engaging structures, the resilient metal tip is rotatable in the circular arc shaped recess at the crest, the range of rotation of the resilient metal tip being-5 ° to +5 °.
3. The anti-pullout bone screw of claim 1, wherein the resilient metal tip is secured in a recess at the crest when the crest of the thread and the socket-type structure of the resilient metal tip are a male-female socket-mating structure.
4. The extraction resistant bone screw of claim 1 wherein said resilient metal cusp is secured in a recess at said crest when the crest of said thread and the channel-like formation of said resilient metal cusp are in a gear-engaging channel-mating formation.
5. The anti-pullout bone screw of claim 1, wherein the resilient material of the resilient metal cusp is a medical resilient metal material or a medical polymer material.
6. The anti-pullout bone screw of claim 5, wherein the medical elastic metal material is a medical nickel titanium alloy material or a medical elastic stainless steel material.
7. The anti-pullout bone screw according to claim 5, wherein the medical polymer material is a medical polyetheretherketone material, a medical high cross-linked polyethylene, a medical polypropylene, a medical polyurethane, or a medical polyurethane material.
8. The pullout resistant bone screw of claim 7, wherein the screw includes all types of bone screws for orthopedic applications requiring long term implantation and good holding force.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110970456.0A CN113476128B (en) | 2021-08-23 | 2021-08-23 | Anti-extraction bone screw |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110970456.0A CN113476128B (en) | 2021-08-23 | 2021-08-23 | Anti-extraction bone screw |
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| CN113476128A CN113476128A (en) | 2021-10-08 |
| CN113476128B true CN113476128B (en) | 2022-09-23 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103562571A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2014-02-05 | 日东精工株式会社 | Tapping screw |
| CN104287819A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-01-21 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | Medical pedicle screw component with telescopic double thread and capable of resisting pullout |
| CN205007021U (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2016-02-03 | 浙江科惠医疗器械股份有限公司 | Bone screw with height tooth form screw thread |
| EP3482092A1 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2019-05-15 | SPAX International GmbH & Co. KG | Plug screw |
| CN210749455U (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2020-06-16 | 金陵科技学院 | Bone screw |
| WO2020124722A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 | Orthopedic implant screw |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002235717A (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-08-23 | Minebea Co Ltd | Deformed screw |
| US20040254581A1 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-12-16 | Leclair Walter J. | Furcated bone screw |
| CN107661140B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2024-09-27 | 广东工业大学 | Medical bone screw with elastic barbs |
-
2021
- 2021-08-23 CN CN202110970456.0A patent/CN113476128B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103562571A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2014-02-05 | 日东精工株式会社 | Tapping screw |
| CN104287819A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-01-21 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | Medical pedicle screw component with telescopic double thread and capable of resisting pullout |
| CN205007021U (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2016-02-03 | 浙江科惠医疗器械股份有限公司 | Bone screw with height tooth form screw thread |
| EP3482092A1 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2019-05-15 | SPAX International GmbH & Co. KG | Plug screw |
| WO2020124722A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 | Orthopedic implant screw |
| CN210749455U (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2020-06-16 | 金陵科技学院 | Bone screw |
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| CN113476128A (en) | 2021-10-08 |
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