CN113472393A - Pulse current data communication system based on power line - Google Patents
Pulse current data communication system based on power line Download PDFInfo
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- CN113472393A CN113472393A CN202110748673.5A CN202110748673A CN113472393A CN 113472393 A CN113472393 A CN 113472393A CN 202110748673 A CN202110748673 A CN 202110748673A CN 113472393 A CN113472393 A CN 113472393A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
- H04B3/544—Setting up communications; Call and signalling arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
- H04B10/801—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water using optical interconnects, e.g. light coupled isolators, circuit board interconnections
- H04B10/802—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water using optical interconnects, e.g. light coupled isolators, circuit board interconnections for isolation, e.g. using optocouplers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
- H04B3/56—Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of power line communication and Internet of things, in particular to a pulse current data communication system based on a power line. The control terminal is provided with a data sending module, and the data sending module generates a high-frequency pulse current to the ground between the live wire and the grounding electrode according to the control instruction. The equipment terminal is provided with a data receiving module, and the data receiving module detects pulse current generated on the power supply line and analyzes a control instruction according to the pulse current. And the equipment terminal controls the electric equipment according to the analyzed control instruction. Under normal conditions, the grounding impedance of the live wire and the grounding electrode is infinite, so that noise interference generated by load change between the live wire and the zero line cannot influence a transmission channel; the method has the advantages of no addition of any device to the power supply loop, reliable isolation and transmission of information, simplicity, flexibility in use, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power line communication and the Internet of things, in particular to a pulse current data communication system based on a power line.
Background
Currently, with the development of intelligent internet of things and intelligent cities, control and monitoring of electric devices in an intelligent power supply system are required, and therefore a control system is required to be established to realize data transmission of communication between the electric devices. The method for realizing communication of equipment in the existing power line basically adopts the following modes:
(1) adopting a power carrier method;
(2) adding independent weak current communication line control, such as: RS485, CAN, Ethernet;
(3) the control is carried out by adopting a wireless communication mode, such as: infrared, WiFi, Zigbee, and the like.
The first one adopts power carrier method control, under the condition of longer and complex distribution network, such as: in office buildings, large-scale markets, industries and other electrical equipment needing to be controlled, on one hand, a carrier signal is greatly attenuated due to a long power line, on the other hand, complicated carrier signal reflection is generated due to excessive power line branches, signal noise is increased, the distance and reliability of power carrier communication are seriously influenced, and the engineering practice is poor due to the fact that the carrier signal noise is completely different after newly-added lighting electrical equipment is added in different places; in the second method, an independent weak current communication circuit is added, the communication distance is controlled, the reliability is guaranteed, but a large amount of independent circuit consumables, modification cost and the like are required to be added; the third type adopts the wireless communication mode to control, under the building environment that spatial structure is complicated, perhaps when the spatial environment easily changes, because shelter from leading to wireless signal reflection and separation, makes the communication signal attenuate in a large number and seriously influences communication distance. Therefore, it is an urgent requirement to design a pulse current data communication system based on the power line, which does not need to modify the power supply line, has a simple control mode and reliable information transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the pulse current data communication system based on the power line has the advantages of no need of modifying the power supply line, simple control mode and reliable information transmission.
The technical scheme of the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: based on electric power line pulse current according to communication system, its characterized in that includes: the control terminal and the equipment terminal are connected to a power supply line; the control terminal is provided with a data sending module, and the data sending module generates a continuous pulse current to the ground between a live wire and a ground electrode according to a control instruction; the equipment terminal is provided with a data receiving module, the data receiving module detects the ground pulse current generated when the data transmitting module is loaded on the power supply line, and the equipment terminal analyzes a control instruction according to the ground pulse current and controls the electric equipment.
Preferably, the control terminal is provided with a data exchange module for acquiring or uploading a control instruction; the data exchange module is one or a combination of a WiFi module, a Bluetooth module, a 4G or 5G communication module, an NB-IoT communication module and a USB interface.
Preferably, the control terminal is provided with a controller;
the data sending module comprises an isolation optocoupler, a switching tube and a rectifier bridge; the grid electrode of the switch tube is electrically connected with the controller through the isolation optocoupler, the drain electrode of the switch tube is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the rectifier bridge, and the source electrode of the switch tube is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the rectifier bridge; one alternating current input end of the rectifier bridge is connected to a live wire, the other alternating current input end of the rectifier bridge is electrically connected with a grounding electrode through a current limiting module, and the output end of the rectifier bridge is also connected in parallel with a power supply circuit for supplying power to the isolation optocoupler;
or the data sending module comprises an isolation optocoupler, a diode and a switching tube, wherein a drain electrode of the switching tube is connected with a live wire through the diode, a source electrode of the switching tube is connected with a grounding electrode through a current limiting module, a grid electrode of the switching tube is connected with an output end of the isolation optocoupler, and the switching tube is connected with a power supply circuit which provides a power supply for the isolation optocoupler in parallel;
or, the data sending module comprises an isolation optocoupler, a triode and a rectifier bridge; the base electrode of the triode is electrically connected with the controller through the isolation optocoupler, the collector electrode of the triode is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the rectifier bridge, and the emitter electrode of the triode is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the rectifier bridge; one alternating current input end of the rectifier bridge is connected to a live wire, the other alternating current input end of the rectifier bridge is electrically connected with a grounding electrode through a current limiting module, and the output end of the rectifier bridge is also connected in parallel with a power supply circuit for supplying power to the isolation optocoupler;
or, the data sending module includes isolation opto-coupler, diode and triode, and the collecting electrode of triode passes through the diode and is connected with the live wire, the projecting pole of triode passes through current-limiting module and is connected with the earthing pole, and the base of triode is connected with the output of isolation opto-coupler, and the switch tube meets the power supply circuit who provides the power for isolating the opto-coupler simultaneously.
Preferably, the current limiting module is a current limiting resistor and an isolating capacitor which are connected in series; or the current limiting module is a PTC resistor and an isolation capacitor which are connected in series.
Preferably, the method for generating the pulse current to ground between the live wire and the ground electrode by the data sending module according to the control command comprises the following steps: when the switching tube or the triode is controlled to be conducted, a passage is formed between the live wire and the grounding electrode to generate pulse current to the ground; when the control switch tube or the triode is disconnected, an open circuit is formed between the live wire and the grounding electrode; and generating a pulse current representing 1 to the ground, and generating a pulse current representing 0 without representing the ground, and realizing the transmission of data 1 and 0 bit streams by controlling the on and off of a switching tube or a triode.
Preferably, the equipment terminal is provided with a controller;
the data receiving module comprises a current transformer and a signal amplifying circuit; the current transformer is a high-frequency current transformer, and a live line and a zero line of the power supply line penetrate through the current transformer; the output end of the current transformer is electrically connected with the signal amplification circuit, and the output end of the signal amplification circuit is electrically connected with the controller;
or, the data receiving module comprises a current transformer, a rectifying module and a signal amplifying circuit; the current transformer is a high-frequency current transformer, and a live line and a zero line of the power supply line penetrate through the current transformer; the output end of the current transformer is electrically connected with the alternating current input end of the rectification module, the output end of the rectification module is electrically connected with the signal amplification circuit, the output end of the signal amplification circuit is electrically connected with the controller, and the rectification module is a rectifier bridge or a diode.
Preferably, the device terminal is further provided with a data sending module.
A pulse current data communication control method is applied to a pulse current data communication system based on a power line and is characterized by comprising the following steps;
step 1, when equipment needs to be monitored, a monitoring platform sends instruction data to a control terminal; the instruction data is divided into a command needing to be responded and a command without needing to be responded;
step 2, after the control terminal receives the instruction data, converting the instruction data into a high-frequency pulse current signal through a data sending module and loading the high-frequency pulse current signal onto a power supply line;
when the command data received by the control terminal is judged to need to be responded, the control terminal starts a data receiving module to detect the state of pulse current on the power supply line after finishing sending the command data;
step 3, all equipment terminals on the power supply line detect pulse current on the power supply line and analyze instruction data;
step 4, the equipment terminal detects whether the address in the instruction data is matched with the self address, and if the address is matched, the control instruction is executed;
when the equipment terminal detects that the instruction data is a command needing to be responded, the equipment terminal acquires the working state of the electric equipment and loads an execution result to a power supply line through a data sending module within set time after executing the control instruction;
and 5, after receiving the execution result data of the equipment terminal, the control terminal returns the execution result data to the monitoring platform through the data exchange module.
A power line pulse current data communication control method is applied to a power line pulse current data communication system and utilizes alternating current zero crossing points to transmit frame data.
Based on the power line pulse current data communication system, the control terminal and the equipment terminal are the same terminal equipment which is simultaneously provided with a data sending module and a data receiving module, and during application, the terminal equipment is set to be the control terminal or the equipment terminal according to the networking condition of the system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the communication information and the power supply waveform are combined into one, and communication can be realized at the place where the power supply arrives;
2. the power supply line loop is not added with any device, so that a line of multipurpose functions are realized;
3. the information is reliably transmitted by adopting isolation;
4. the control method has the advantages of simplicity, flexible use, low cost, wide application range and the like.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a control terminal of the present invention,
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a device terminal of the present invention having both a data transmission module and a data reception module,
figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a device terminal of the present invention,
figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a control terminal of the present invention having both a data transmission module and a data reception module,
figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a system for controlling the communication between a terminal and a device terminal according to the present invention,
figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a system in which a control terminal individually controls a device terminal according to the present invention,
figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a system for controlling a terminal to receive device terminal monitoring information according to the present invention,
figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a direct control of the switching tube of a control terminal of the present invention,
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a control terminal controlled by a rectifier bridge and a switching tube according to the present invention.
In the figure:
d11, a diode; d2, a rectifying module; 500. a monitoring platform; 400. an electricity-consuming device; s, equipment terminal; t, controlling a terminal; u1, a signal amplification circuit; CT1, current transformer; d1, a rectifier bridge; q1 and a switching tube; v1, an isolation optocoupler; 110. a controller; 300. a data exchange module; 200. a data receiving module; 100. a data transmission module; C. an isolation capacitor; r1, current limiting resistor;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution and the advantages of the present invention clearer, the following explains embodiments of the present invention in further detail.
The system is applied to a power line. The system comprises a control terminal and a device terminal which are connected to a power supply line. The control terminal and the equipment terminal are provided with basic modules such as a microcontroller, a power supply module and the like which are commonly used by common terminal equipment.
The control terminal is provided with a data sending module 100, and the data sending module 100 is used for sending a control instruction to the equipment terminal. In the process of sending the control command, the control command is converted into data current pulses which are connected and disconnected between the live wire and the ground wire at high frequency to form a digital bit stream signal, and the embodiment completes the sending of one frame of data within 10 ms. When the live wire is conducted with the ground wire, a grounding current is generated, namely, the power supply circuit generates pulse current data to the ground, wherein the pulse current data is '1', and when the conduction is stopped, the grounding current disappears, and the data is '0'. A continuously varying pulse signal is generated by switching on and off for successive times. When the grounding current is generated, a phase quantity difference occurs between the current of the live wire and the current of the zero wire of the power supply circuit.
The corresponding equipment terminal is provided with a current transformer CT1 for detecting the phasor difference and a data receiving module 200. The data receiving module 200 detects a pulse current generated on the power supply line and analyzes a control command through the demodulator 110. And after the control instruction is analyzed, the corresponding electric equipment is controlled to conduct, close and adjust the analog voltage change.
Preferably, the control terminal may be internally provided with a memory for storing the control command and executing the specific command at a specific time. Meanwhile, the control terminal may also be provided with a data exchange module 300, and the data exchange module 300 is used for communicating with the control system of the previous stage to obtain the control instruction of the control system of the previous stage. The data exchange module 300 may be a WiFi module, a bluetooth module, a 4G or 5G communication module, an NB-IoT communication module, a network interface, a USB interface. When the data exchange module 300 is a USB interface, data can be uploaded and downloaded through the USB interface, and various control information can be input. Data uploading and downloading can also be carried out by using an RS232 interface or an RS 485.
As shown in fig. 8, the data transmission module 100 includes a switching tube Q1, a power supply circuit, an isolation optocoupler V1, and a current limiting module for limiting the magnitude of ground current. The drain of the switching tube Q1 is connected to the hot line through the diode D11, and the anode of the diode D11 is electrically connected to the hot line. The source electrode of the switching tube Q1 is electrically connected with the grounding electrode through the current limiting module, and the grid electrode of the switching tube is electrically connected with the emitter electrode of the output end of the isolation optocoupler V1. The positive pole of the input end of the power supply circuit is electrically connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube Q1, the negative pole of the input end of the power supply circuit is electrically connected with the source electrode of the switching tube Q1, the power supply circuit comprises a resistor R11 and a capacitor C12 which are connected in series, one end of the resistor R11 serves as the input end and is electrically connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube Q1, one end of the capacitor C12 serves as the other input end and is electrically connected with the source electrode of the switching tube Q1, and meanwhile the capacitor C12 is connected with the voltage stabilizing diode D12 in parallel. The connection point of the resistor R12 and the capacitor C12 is used as the positive pole of the output end of the power supply circuit and is electrically connected with the power input end of the isolation optocoupler V1, the signal output end of the isolation optocoupler is electrically connected with the grid of the switch tube Q1, and meanwhile, a resistor R13 is connected between the grid of the switch tube Q1 and the negative pole of the power supply circuit in series. The output end of the controller 110 outputs a control signal with a continuously changing high and low level to drive the on-off of the switch tube Q1 through the isolation optocoupler V1.
The circuit structure can realize the transmission and the reception of data in the positive half period of the sine wave. As shown in fig. 9, in order to realize communication in a full cycle, the implementation components in this embodiment include a switching tube Q1 and a rectifier bridge D1. The positive electrode of the direct-current output end of the rectifier bridge D1 is connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube Q1, and the negative electrode of the output end of the rectifier bridge D1 is electrically connected with the source electrode of the switch tube Q1. A power supply circuit such as the one shown in fig. 8 is also provided. The power supply circuit comprises a resistor R11 and a capacitor C12 which are connected in series, one end of the resistor R11 is used as an input end and is electrically connected with the anode of the output end of the rectifier bridge D1, one end of the capacitor C12 is used as the other input end and is electrically connected with the cathode of the output end of the rectifier bridge D1, and meanwhile, the capacitor C12 is connected with the zener diode D12 in parallel. The positive pole of the output end of the power supply circuit, which is the connection point of the resistor R12 and the capacitor C12, is electrically connected with the power input end of the isolation optocoupler V1, and the output end of the isolation optocoupler V1 is electrically connected with the grid of the switching tube Q1. Meanwhile, a resistor R13 is connected between the grid of the switching tube Q1 and the negative pole of the power supply circuit in series. The input ends of the rectifier bridge D1 are respectively connected with the live electrode and the ground electrode of the power supply circuit. Preferably, in order to achieve the effect of current limiting, a current limiting module is connected in series between the ground electrode and the input end of the rectifier bridge D1.
In this embodiment, the switching tube Q1 is a field effect transistor, and a triode may be used to replace the switching tube, and the circuit diagram of the switching tube Q1 is similar to that of the switching tube Q.
The method for generating the pulse current to ground between the live wire and the grounding electrode by the data sending module according to the control command comprises the following steps:
when the rectifier bridge D1 is used for control, when the switch tube or the triode is conducted,
when the output end of the rectifier bridge D1 is conducted, the input end of the rectifier bridge D1 forms a path to generate pulse current to the ground;
when the switch tube or the triode is disconnected and the output end of the rectifier bridge D1 is disconnected, the input end of the rectifier bridge D1 forms an open circuit.
When the diode D11 is connected to the live wire, when the switching tube or the triode is turned on, the diode D11 is turned on, and a pulse current to ground is generated between the live wire and the ground electrode. When the switch tube and the triode are disconnected, the diode is disconnected, and the pulse current to the ground between the live wire and the ground disappears.
Generating a pulse current representing 1 to the ground, and no current representing 0, and realizing the transmission of data 1 and 0 bit streams by controlling the on and off of the output end of the rectifier bridge D1.
The output terminal of the controller 110 outputs a control signal with a continuously changing high-low level, and the control signal drives the switching tube Q1 to be turned on or off. The direct current output end of the rectifier bridge D1 is connected in parallel with two poles of the switching tube Q1, after the switching tube Q1 is conducted, the alternating current input end of the rectifier bridge D1 forms a loop, the connection of a live wire and a ground wire is achieved, and a tiny grounding pulse current is formed. After the switching tube Q1 is turned off, the circuit of the rectifier bridge D1 ac input end is turned off, and the ground current disappears. In order to prevent the current from being too large, the dc output terminal of the rectifier bridge D1 may be connected in series with a resistor to implement the current limiting function.
The switch tube can be a field effect tube, an MOS triode and the like. Meanwhile, a triode can be used as a switching tube, and the details are not repeated.
The frequency of controlling on and off is far greater than the power frequency of the commercial power of 50 Hz. The data transmission frequency may be a high frequency signal of several 1-15KHz, which is set to 8KHz in this embodiment.
The current limiting module can be a current limiting resistor R1, and the magnitude of the grounding current is reduced through the current limiting resistor.
Furthermore, because the transmission rate of the data signal is far greater than 50Hz, in order to realize the isolation function, the current limiting module is provided with a current limiting resistor R1 and an isolation capacitor C1 which are connected in series, and the isolation capacitor can block the signal of the 50Hz power frequency power supply, so that the system is safer and more reliable.
Furthermore, the current limiting resistor R1 can adopt a PTC resistor to realize overcurrent protection, thereby preventing the tripping of a power supply line.
In order to realize reliable grounding, for a living distribution system, wiring inside a home and a building generally comprises a live wire, a zero wire and a ground wire, so that the control terminal can be provided with a plug with three joints to be plugged into a three-hole socket. For a special power supply line, such as only live and neutral wires, or only A, B, C three-phase live wires, the control terminal needs to be provided with a ground terminal, which is in contact with the ground through the ground terminal and the ground peg or other ground connection.
The method for generating a high-frequency pulse current to ground between the live wire and the ground by the data sending module 100 according to the control command comprises the following steps:
in the embodiment, one frame of data is transmitted within 10ms of an alternating current half cycle, and the baud rate is in the range of 1-10 kHz. Taking time t as a data period, for example, when the switching tube Q1 is turned on in the first period, the input end of the rectifier bridge D1 generates a ground current pulse to ground, and when the switching tube Q1 is turned off in the second period, there is no ground current pulse, a string of data can be formed by setting the switching tube Q1 to be turned on and off in each period, where the ground current can represent 1 and no ground current can represent 0, thereby implementing data transmission.
The controller 110 is configured to implement conversion of a control instruction signal, where the control instruction generally sets a fixed communication protocol, and in this embodiment, the short frame format is adopted, the coding is NRZ coding, and the frame format is self-defined as follows:
defining a control command frame encoding format, defining bit logic: the current amplitude is 0 and the signal amplitude data is 1 when the communication is idle; defining a control command frame encoding format: start bit + address bit + command bit + data bit optional check bit + stop bit.
Defining a monitoring data frame format and defining bit logic; the current amplitude is 0 and the signal amplitude data is 1 when the communication is idle; monitoring data frame format: start bit + address bit + command bit + data bit optional check bit + stop bit.
After the conversion, the switching tube Q1 is controlled to be turned on and off according to the converted data, so that the control signal is applied to the power supply line.
The device terminal on the power supply line detects the ground current through the data receiving module 200 and converts the ground current, which continuously changes, into a digital signal. The data receiving module 200 comprises a current transformer CT1, a signal amplifying circuit U1 and a controller.
Current transformer CT1 cover is established on the power supply line, the live wire and the zero line of power supply line wear to establish inside current transformer CT 1. After the ground current is generated, the current transformer is equivalent to a zero sequence transformer, and a tiny high-frequency current signal can be detected. Meanwhile, the output end of the current transformer CT1 is electrically connected with the signal amplification circuit U1, and the signal amplification circuit U1 converts the tiny signal into a standard signal matched with a modem.
The current transformer is made of high-frequency magnetic materials, can detect that pulse current data pulse milliampere/microsecond on a power supply line is converted into a voltage millivolt/microsecond data pulse signal, and transmits the voltage millivolt/microsecond data pulse signal to the inside of the signal amplification circuit U1 through the output end of the current transformer, and the signal amplification circuit U1 amplifies and shapes the signal to form a rectangular wave carrying the signal. The output end of the signal amplification circuit U1 is electrically connected with the controller. The signal output by the signal amplifying circuit U1 is sent to the controller 110 for processing, and the controller 110 resolves the control instruction according to a preset communication protocol.
After the controller 110 parses the control command, the control consumer 400 executes the control command. The device terminal is provided with a relay, an electronic switch, an analog control port, and other execution components for controlling the electric device 400.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, a rectifying module D2 is disposed between the signal amplifying circuit U1 of the data receiving module 200 and the current transformer, and the rectifying module D2 converts the ac signal into a dc signal, at which time the signal in the whole sine wave period can be detected. As shown in fig. 2, the input terminal of the rectifying module D2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the current transformer CT 1. The anode of the output end of the rectifying module D2 is connected to the input end of the operational amplifier through a capacitor C2, and both ends of the capacitor C2 are grounded through a resistor R2 and a resistor R3, respectively. The negative pole of the output end of the rectifying module D2 is grounded. The other input of the operational amplifier is connected to ground through resistor R4 and is electrically connected to the output of the transport amplifier through resistor R5.
Wherein the rectifying module can be a rectifying bridge or a diode.
In this embodiment, the control terminal is provided with a data sending module 100, and similarly, a data receiving module 200 may also be provided to receive data information returned by the device terminal. Correspondingly, the device terminal may also be configured with the data sending module 100 for returning the monitored data, and at this time, after the device terminal receives the instruction and completes the corresponding control operation, the device terminal returns the confirmation information and the status information to the control terminal.
Further, in order to receive information returned by the device terminal, the data receiving module 200 may be integrated into the control terminal, or may be an independent terminal, and collects data sent by the device terminal and the control terminal on the power supply line, and returns the data to the monitoring platform through the communication network.
By applying the pulse current data communication system based on the power line, a monitoring system of power supply line equipment can be built, and the system is provided with a monitoring platform or an existing smart city server system. The control method for the pulse current data communication by applying the system comprises the following steps:
step 1, when the equipment needs to be monitored, the monitoring platform sends instruction data to the control terminal. Wherein control terminal can realize data communication through communication modes such as wifi communication module, net twine, optic fibre, bluetooth, etc. and monitor platform, and monitor platform sends the instruction for control terminal through communication channel.
And 2, after the control terminal receives the instruction data, converting the instruction data into a high-frequency pulse current signal through a data sending module and loading the high-frequency pulse current signal onto a power supply line. Firstly, the control terminal sends instruction data to the data sending module 100, the data sending module 100 converts the instruction data into a communication message and converts the communication message into an on-off control pulse data signal, the on-off control signal of the data sending module 100 controls the switching tube Q1 to be switched on and off, and information is loaded on a power supply line.
And 3, all equipment terminals on the power supply line detect the pulse current on the power supply line in real time and analyze the instruction data. And the equipment terminal on the power supply line detects the pulse current signal and analyzes the message.
And 4, detecting whether the address in the instruction data is matched with the self address by the equipment terminal, and executing the control instruction if the address is matched. Specifically, the data message is subjected to protocol decoding processing according to a preset communication protocol to obtain address information, control information and the like in the control instruction, whether the instruction is sent to the data message is judged, if the instruction is sent to the data message, corresponding control is carried out, and if the address is not consistent with the address of the data message, the control instruction is not received.
For some important devices, acknowledgement information of their operation needs to be transmitted back, and for some non-important devices, acknowledgement information does not need to be transmitted back, so in order to reduce the use of the channel, the instruction data is divided into a command requiring response and a command not requiring response based on the above method. Therefore, in step 2, when it is determined that a response command is required after the command data is received by the control terminal, the control terminal starts the data receiving module to detect the state of the pulse current on the power supply line after sending the command data.
In the step 4, when the device terminal detects that the instruction data is a command to be responded, after the device terminal executes the control instruction, the execution result is converted into the high-frequency pulse current within a set time and is loaded on the power supply line through the data sending module.
And step 5, after the control terminal receives the execution result data of the equipment terminal, the execution result data is transmitted back to the monitoring platform through the data exchange module.
In the above system, three layers of structures are available: the first layer of wireless network monitoring platform has wireless network communication capability and has an independent monitoring interface as a manager of a power distribution network. The second layer network information control terminal is used as a communication host, receives wireless network and other input information, converts communication message data into current data codes, and simultaneously monitors all connected electric equipment controllers. And the third layer of electric equipment controller is used for analyzing the data message of the pulse current of the power supply line, controlling the connected electric equipment to execute various corresponding operations and generating a new current data message in the working state of the electric equipment to be uploaded.
As shown in fig. 5, in the single-loop power supply line, a control terminal T is disposed at the end of the power supply line for sending control information, and a control terminal T is disposed at the head end of the power supply line, and the control terminal T at the head end is provided with a data receiving module 200 for receiving information returned by the device terminal, and transmitting the information to the monitoring platform through the network. This kind of control mode is applicable to the control power consumption place that requires higher information feedback, for example: intelligent city, main lighting main line, tunnel street lamp lighting, underground submersible pump network control and the like.
As shown in fig. 6, in the single-loop power supply, a control terminal T is provided at the end of a power supply line, a plurality of device terminals S are provided on the power supply line, the control terminal T transmits an instruction, and the device terminals S receive the instruction and control electric devices. In the above control mode, the state of the electric equipment is not monitored, and the control method is suitable for the one-way control electric equipment places such as: irrigation of farmland water pumps, intelligent home furnishing, square lighting lamps and the like.
As shown in fig. 7, the control terminal T is provided with a data receiving module 200 and a data exchanging module 300, and is provided at the head end of a power supply line, the device terminal S is provided with a data transmitting module 100, and after detecting the state of the electric device 400, the device terminal loads a signal onto the power supply line through the data transmitting module 100, and after detecting a pulse current on the line in the control terminal, converts the signal into data information and transmits the data information to the monitoring platform 500 through the data exchanging module 300. The structure is suitable for uploading network monitoring information as follows: places with higher requirements such as fire alarm, traffic lights, power supply equipment of the skynet and the like; the method can also be used for returning information among intelligent electric meters, high-rise elevator floors, underground mine tunnel engineering information and the like. The system can realize a line of multi-purpose intelligent wiring functions, such as: and data information of monitoring equipment of a control unit controlled by the main power distribution cabinet and various metering instruments is uploaded, and the like, so that the consumption of complex wiring and wires is reduced.
Preferably, in order to implement simple unification of the devices, the product is a terminal device, that is, both the device terminal S and the control terminal T are terminal devices, the terminal device is provided with the data receiving module 200 and the data sending module 100 as a device terminal, and is also provided with a mode switching module, when the terminal device is required to be used as a control terminal, the terminal device is set as the control terminal T, and when the terminal device is used as the device terminal S, the terminal device is set as the device terminal. At the moment, the product is simplified, and the user can use the product more conveniently.
In summary, the present invention is only a preferred embodiment, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes and modifications can be made by workers in the light of the above description without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and all equivalent changes and modifications to the principle shape, configuration, characteristics and spirit described in the scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Based on electric power circuit pulse current according to communication system, its characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps:
a control terminal (T) and a device terminal (S) connected to the power supply line;
the control terminal (T) is provided with a data sending module (100), and the data sending module (100) generates a continuous pulse current to the ground between a live wire and a ground electrode according to a control instruction;
the device terminal (S) is provided with a data receiving module (200), the data receiving module (200) detects the pulse current to ground generated when the data transmitting module (100) is loaded on a power supply line, and the device terminal (S) analyzes a control instruction according to the pulse current to ground and controls the electric equipment.
2. The power line pulsed current-based data communication system of claim 1, wherein:
the control terminal is provided with a data exchange module (300) for acquiring or uploading a control instruction;
the data exchange module (300) is one or a combination of a WiFi module, a Bluetooth module, a 4G or 5G communication module, an NB-IoT communication module and a USB interface.
3. The electric power line-based pulsed current data communication system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the control terminal (T) is provided with a controller (110);
the data transmission module (100) comprises an isolation optocoupler (V1), a switching tube (Q1) and a rectifier bridge (D1); the grid electrode of the switching tube (Q1) is electrically connected with the controller (110) through an isolation optocoupler (V1), the drain electrode of the switching tube (Q1) is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the rectifier bridge (D1), and the source electrode of the switching tube (Q1) is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the rectifier bridge (D1); one alternating current input end of the rectifier bridge (D1) is connected to a live wire, the other alternating current input end of the rectifier bridge is electrically connected with a grounding electrode through a current limiting module, and the output end of the rectifier bridge (D1) is also connected in parallel with a power supply circuit for supplying power to the isolation optocoupler;
or, the data sending module (100) comprises an isolation optocoupler (V1), a diode (D11) and a switching tube (Q1), the drain of the switching tube (Q1) is connected with the live wire through the diode (D11), the source of the switching tube (Q1) is connected with the ground electrode through a current limiting module, the grid of the switching tube (Q1) is connected with the output end of the isolation optocoupler (V1), and meanwhile, the switching tube (Q1) is connected with a power supply circuit which provides power for the isolation optocoupler (V1) in parallel;
or, the data transmission module (100) comprises an isolation optocoupler (V1), a triode and a rectifier bridge (D1); the base electrode of the triode is electrically connected with the controller (110) through an isolation optocoupler (V1), the collector electrode of the triode is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the rectifier bridge (D1), and the emitter electrode of the triode is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the rectifier bridge (D1); one alternating current input end of the rectifier bridge (D1) is connected to a live wire, the other alternating current input end of the rectifier bridge is electrically connected with a grounding electrode through a current limiting module, and the output end of the rectifier bridge (D1) is also connected in parallel with a power supply circuit for supplying power to the isolation optocoupler;
or, data transmission module (100) is including keeping apart opto-coupler (V1), diode (D11) and triode, and the collecting electrode of triode passes through diode (D11) and live wire connection, the projecting pole of triode passes through current-limiting module and is connected with the earth electrode, and the base of triode is connected with the output of keeping apart opto-coupler (V1), and switch tube (Q1) is parallelly connected the power supply circuit who provides the power for keeping apart opto-coupler (V1) simultaneously.
4. The power-line-based pulsed current data communication system according to claim 3, wherein:
the current limiting module is a current limiting resistor (R1) and an isolation capacitor (C1) which are connected in series; or the current limiting module is a PTC resistor and an isolation capacitor which are connected in series.
5. The power-line-based pulsed current data communication system according to claim 3, wherein:
the method for generating the pulse current to ground between the live wire and the grounding electrode by the data sending module according to the control command comprises the following steps:
when the control switch tube (Q1) or the triode is conducted, a passage is formed between the live wire and the grounding electrode to generate pulse current to the ground;
when the control switch tube (Q1) or the triode is disconnected, an open circuit is formed between the live wire and the grounding electrode;
the pulse current to the ground represents 1, the pulse current to the ground does not represent 0, and the transmission of the data 1 and 0 bit streams is realized by controlling the on and off of a switching tube (Q1) or a triode.
6. The power-line-based pulsed current data communication system according to claim 5, wherein:
the equipment terminal is provided with a controller (110);
the data receiving module comprises a current transformer (CT1) and a signal amplifying circuit (U1); the current transformer is a high-frequency current transformer, and a live wire and a zero wire of the power supply line are arranged in the current transformer (CT1) in a penetrating manner; the output end of the current transformer (CT1) is electrically connected with a signal amplification circuit (U1), and the output end of the signal amplification circuit (U1) is electrically connected with a controller;
or, the data receiving module comprises a current transformer (CT1), a rectifying module (D2) and a signal amplifying circuit (U1); the current transformer is a high-frequency current transformer, and a live wire and a zero wire of the power supply line are arranged in the current transformer (CT1) in a penetrating manner; the output end of the current transformer (CT1) is electrically connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifying module (D2), the output end of the rectifying module (D2) is electrically connected with the signal amplifying circuit (U1), the output end of the signal amplifying circuit (U1) is electrically connected with the controller, and the rectifying module (D2) is a rectifying bridge or a diode.
7. The power-line-based pulsed current data communication system according to claim 6, wherein:
the equipment terminal (S) is also provided with a data sending module (100).
8. A method for controlling impulse current data communication, which applies the impulse current data communication system based on the power line according to any one of claims 4 to 7, comprising the steps of;
step 1, when equipment needs to be monitored, a monitoring platform (500) sends instruction data to a control terminal; the instruction data is divided into a command needing to be responded and a command without needing to be responded;
step 2, after the control terminal receives the instruction data, converting the instruction data into a high-frequency pulse current signal through a data sending module and loading the high-frequency pulse current signal onto a power supply line;
when the command data received by the control terminal is judged to need to be responded, the control terminal starts a data receiving module to detect the state of pulse current on the power supply line after finishing sending the command data;
step 3, all equipment terminals on the power supply line detect pulse current on the power supply line and analyze instruction data;
step 4, the equipment terminal detects whether the address in the instruction data is matched with the self address, and if the address is matched, the control instruction is executed;
when the equipment terminal detects that the instruction data is a command needing to be responded, the equipment terminal acquires the working state of the electric equipment and loads an execution result to a power supply line through a data sending module within set time after executing the control instruction;
and 5, after receiving the execution result data of the equipment terminal, the control terminal returns the execution result data to the monitoring platform through the data exchange module.
9. A power line pulse current data communication control method is characterized in that the power line pulse current data communication system based on the claims 1-7 is applied, and one frame of data is transmitted between alternating current zero-crossing points.
10. The power line pulsed current based communication system of claim 1, wherein: the control terminal (T) and the equipment terminal (S) are the same terminal equipment provided with a data sending module (100) and a data receiving module (200),
when the method is applied, the terminal equipment is set as a control terminal or an equipment terminal according to the system networking condition.
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| US6229432B1 (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 2001-05-08 | Duane Patrick Fridley | Intelligent transceiver module particularly suited for power line control systems |
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