CN113470489A - Network type bridge resistance measurement experiment instrument and operation method - Google Patents
Network type bridge resistance measurement experiment instrument and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113470489A CN113470489A CN202110560163.5A CN202110560163A CN113470489A CN 113470489 A CN113470489 A CN 113470489A CN 202110560163 A CN202110560163 A CN 202110560163A CN 113470489 A CN113470489 A CN 113470489A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a network type bridge resistance measurement experimental instrument which is characterized by comprising a shell, the upper surface of the shell is embedded with a multiplying power wave band switch, a galvanometer and an interface end of a resistor to be measured, the processor, the first digital resistor, the second digital resistor, the third digital resistor, the fixed resistor and the power module are arranged in the shell, the multiplying power wave band switch and the wave band switch are connected with an analog voltage converter arranged in the processor, the first digital resistor and the fixed resistor are connected in series to form a first bridge arm, the second digital resistor, the third digital resistor and the resistor to be tested are sequentially connected in series to form a second bridge arm, the galvanometer is connected in parallel between the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm, and the two bridge arms are connected with the power supply module, and the first digital resistor, the second digital resistor and the third digital resistor are respectively connected with the processor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic circuit testing, and particularly relates to a network type bridge resistance measurement experimental instrument and an operation method.
Background
The Wheatstone bridge is an instrument for measuring resistance by a comparison method, and the measured resistance is compared with a known quantity to obtain a measurement result during measurement, so that current is not drawn from a measurement circuit, and the measurement accuracy is higher. Although the bridge measurement objects are different and the structures are different, the basic principle and the idea method are approximately the same. Therefore, the wheatstone bridge measuring resistor is a typical reserved experiment in college physical experiments, and is a schematic diagram of the wheatstone bridge as shown in fig. 1, wherein R1, R2 and R0 are resistors with known resistance values, and are connected with the measured resistor Rx to form a quadrangle, and each side is called as one arm of the bridge. The opposite corners A and B of the quadrilateral are connected to a power supply E, and the opposite corners C and D are connected to a galvanometer G, so that the two sides are connected like a bridge.
However, in practical teaching, due to the increase of the number of students, teachers in any class cannot supervise the experiment operation process of each student, so that the process assessment results are not differentiated, and the teaching effect is influenced. The conventional bridge changes the standard resistance R _0 through the sliding rheostat, and sliding contact abrasion and corrosion can occur after long-time use, so that poor contact is caused. The experiment operation process is simulated physical quantity and is easy to be interfered by the outside.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a network type bridge resistance measurement experimental instrument and an operation method thereof, which solve the defects that the traditional equipment is easy to interfere and unstable, and the operation process of students cannot be automatically monitored and judged.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a network type bridge resistance measurement experiment instrument comprises a shell, wherein a multiplying power waveband switch, a resistance waveband switch, a galvanometer and a resistance interface end to be measured are embedded on the upper surface of the shell, the processor, the first digital resistor, the second digital resistor, the third digital resistor, the fixed resistor and the power module are arranged in the shell, the multiplying power wave band switch and the resistance wave band switch are connected with an analog voltage converter arranged in the processor, the first digital resistor and the fixed resistor are connected in series to form a first bridge arm, the second digital resistor, the third digital resistor and the resistor to be tested are sequentially connected in series to form a second bridge arm, the galvanometer is connected in parallel between the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm, and the two bridge arms are connected with the power supply module, and the first digital resistor, the second digital resistor and the third digital resistor are respectively connected with the processor.
Preferably, a second operational amplifier voltage follower is connected between the first bridge arm and the galvanometer, a first operational amplifier voltage follower is connected between the second bridge arm and the galvanometer, two ends of the galvanometer are respectively connected with a positive input end and a negative input end of a differential operational amplifier, and an output end of the differential operational amplifier is connected with an analog voltage converter built in the processor.
Preferably, the WIFI communication module is arranged inside the shell, and the processor is communicated with an external upper computer through the WIFI communication module.
Preferably, the processor adopts an STM32F103RCT6 processor, and the WIFI communication module adopts a highly integrated esp8266WIFI networking chip.
Preferably, the resistance band switch comprises a 1 Ω band switch, a 10 Ω band switch, a 100 Ω band switch and a 1000 Ω band switch, the contacts of the multiplying power band switch, the 1 Ω band switch, the 10 Ω band switch, the 100 Ω band switch and the 1000 Ω band switch are connected with resistors in series, and the voltages of 0V and 3.3V are connected to the contacts in series, and the processor can identify the scale positions corresponding to the contacts of the multiplying power band switch, the 1 Ω band switch, the 10 Ω band switch, the 100 Ω band switch and the 1000 Ω band switch by sampling the voltages of the contacts, and determine the multiplying power options and the scale values of the resistors in the experiment.
Preferably, the first digital resistor and the second digital resistor are AD5272-20K digital resistors, the maximum resistance is 20K ohm, the discrete interval number is 1024, and the third digital resistor is AD8400-1K digital resistor, the maximum resistance is 1K ohm, and the discrete interval number is 256; the resistance value of the fixed resistor is 200 ohms.
An operation method of a network type bridge resistance measurement experiment instrument comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, a WIFI local area network is established in a classroom, an experimental instrument is automatically connected with the WIFI network through a WIFI communication module, and an upper computer is also connected with the WIFI network;
step 2: after the resistor to be measured is connected to the experimental instrument, adjusting the multiplying power band switch to select a multiplying power value, adjusting the resistor band switch to change the resistance scale value, and performing bridge balance adjustment;
and step 3: the processor identifies the multiplying power of the bridge, namely K is R1/R2, wherein R1 is a fixed resistor with the resistance value of 200 ohms and R2 is a first digital resistor by judging the contact position of the multiplying power waveband switch, and then the processor sets the resistance value of the first digital resistor to be equal to R1/K ohms, namely the resistance value of the first digital resistor is dynamically changed and modulated;
and 4, step 4: the processor identifies the positions of contacts of a 1 omega wave band switch, a 10 omega wave band switch, a 100 omega wave band switch and a 1000 omega wave band switch of each gear resistor, the positions are serially added to obtain a scale value of R0, R0 represents a bridge arm resistor, and the serial resistance values of the second digital resistor and the third digital resistor are further adjusted according to the scale value of R0 to be the same as the scale value of R0, namely the resistance values of the first digital resistor, the second digital resistor and the third digital resistor are dynamically changed and adjusted along with the scale value;
and 5: along with the operation state, the voltage difference between two ends of the galvanometer is amplified through the differential operational amplifier and input to the built-in analog voltage converter of the processor, the processor measures the differential voltage between the two ends of the galvanometer in real time, if the differential voltage is zero, an operator is determined to realize the balance adjustment of the electric bridge, a process node for measuring the resistance to be measured is judged to pass, the processor sends a signal to an upper computer through the WIFI communication module, and the upper computer displays the resistance to be measured in the experimental instrument with the corresponding number as green after receiving the information;
step 6: and (3) after the operator sequentially accesses the rest resistors to be tested into the equipment, repeating the steps 2-5 to complete the measurement, and simultaneously storing the operation completion condition of each equipment by the upper computer so as to inquire and register the result in the future.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the network type bridge resistance measuring experiment instrument designed by the invention is realized by adopting a digital circuit in the whole instrument, and the stable, reliable and real-time monitoring and judging operation process is realized. The defects that the traditional equipment is poor in contact, the analog voltage is unstable, the operation process cannot be monitored and the like are overcome, and the teaching effect is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Wheatstone bridge;
FIG. 2 is an application scenario of a network bridge tester according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a host computer interface display;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a network bridge resistance measuring tester according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a temple frame of a network bridge resistance tester according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a power module;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a processor;
fig. 8 is a digital resistance and bridge schematic.
Wherein, 1, a processor; 2. a multiplying power wave band switch; 3. a resistor to be tested; 4. a third digital resistance; 5. a second digital resistor; 6. a galvanometer; 7. a first digital resistance; 8. fixing a resistor; 9. a second operational amplifier voltage follower; 10. a first operational amplifier voltage follower; 11. a differential operational amplifier; 12. a WIFI communication module; 13. a 1000 Ω band switch; 14. a 100 Ω band switch; 15. a 10 Ω band switch; 16. a 1 Ω band switch; 17. and a power supply module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention specifically provides a network type bridge resistance measurement experimental instrument, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the experimental instrument comprises a shell, a multiplying power waveband switch 2, a resistance waveband switch, a galvanometer 6 and an interface end of a resistor to be measured 2 are embedded on the upper surface of the shell, a processor 1, a first digital resistor 7, a second digital resistor 5, a third digital resistor 6, a fixed resistor 8 and a power module 17 are arranged in the shell, the multiplying power waveband switch 2 and the resistance waveband switch are connected with an analog voltage converter arranged in the processor 1, the first digital resistor 7 and the fixed resistor 8 are connected in series to form a first bridge arm, the second digital resistor 5, the third digital resistor 4 and the resistor to be measured 3 are connected in series in sequence to form a second bridge arm, the galvanometer 6 is connected in parallel between the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm, and the two bridge arms are connected with the power module 17, the first digital resistor 7, the second digital resistor 5 and the third digital resistor 4 are respectively connected with the processor 1.
In this embodiment, a first operational amplifier voltage follower 10 is connected between the first bridge arm and the galvanometer 6, a second operational amplifier voltage follower 9 is connected between the second bridge arm and the galvanometer 6, two ends of the galvanometer 6 are respectively connected to a positive input end and a negative input end of a differential operational amplifier 11, and an output end of the differential operational amplifier 11 is connected to a built-in analog voltage converter of the processor 1.
In this embodiment, the housing is also provided with a WIFI communication module 12, and the processor 1 communicates with an external upper computer through the WIFI communication module 12. As shown in fig. 2, the network bridge networking application is as shown in fig. 2, and each network bridge tester can be used independently. If the network monitoring function is needed, a WIFI wireless network and a computer can be established. The network type bridge automatically judges the operation correctness of each node of the student by monitoring 3 measurement nodes of the student, and uploads a judgment result to a computer upper computer through a WIFI network, and a monitoring software interface under a Windows environment is shown in fig. 3. And each network type electric bridge with independent number sends the judgment result to a computer, the computer receives the data and displays the data, and meanwhile, the information is stored in a database, so that the follow-up query is facilitated. When a resistance value is measured correctly, the resistance value is marked as a green V-shaped mark once, so that the problem that a teacher cannot master the experiment process is solved.
Processor with a memory having a plurality of memory cells
In this embodiment, the processor 1 is a chip of the model STM32F103RCT6, which is a 32-bit microcontroller based on the ARMCortex-M kernel STM32 series, and has a program memory capacity of 64KB, a required voltage of 2V-3.6V, a working temperature of-40 ℃ to 85 ℃ and a working speed of 72 MHz. The processor is a core component of the equipment and is responsible for voltage sampling of the position of the wave band switch, control of the digital resistor and the like.
Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the processor 1, which collects the inputs of the multiplying factor band switch 2 and the resistance band switch in real time, and calculates the corresponding scale values. And simultaneously, the resistance values of the second digital resistor and the third digital resistor are synchronously adjusted according to the input resistance scale value. And judging whether the voltage values at two ends of the meter head of the ammeter are less than 10mV, judging that the electric bridge adjusts balance, measuring correctly and sending information to an upper computer to update a display interface.
Resistance wave band switch
The resistance band switch is substantially a single-pole multi-throw switch, and comprises a 1 omega band switch 16, a 10 omega band switch 15, a 100 omega band switch 14 and a 1000 omega band switch 13, wherein contacts of the multiplying power band switch, the 1 omega band switch 16, the 10 omega band switch 15, the 100 omega band switch 14 and the 1000 omega band switch 13 are connected with resistors in series, and are connected with 0V and 3.3V voltages end to end, and the processor 1 can identify scale positions corresponding to the contacts of the multiplying power band switch, the 1 omega band switch 16, the 10 omega band switch 15, the 100 omega band switch 14 and the 1000 omega band switch 13 by sampling the voltage of each contact, and determine the adjusting position of the multiplying power band switch 2. It should be noted that the resistance band switch only adjusts the change of the scale value, and does not actually change the resistance value of the resistor. And according to the scale value regulated by the student, the processor adjusts the resistance values of the second digital resistor and the third digital resistor.
WIFI communication module
Utilize highly integrated esp8266WIFI networking chip, realize the communication with the supervisory program of computer end, the information of real-time transmission experimenter operation process to carry out the process investigation, liberated the work load of the teacher of the lesson.
Digital resistor
The first digital resistor 7 and the second digital resistor 5 adopt AD5272-20K digital resistors, the maximum resistance is 20K ohm, the discrete interval number is 1024, and the third digital resistor 4 adopts AD8400-1K digital resistors, the maximum resistance is 1K ohm, and the discrete interval number is 256; the resistance value of the fixed resistor 8 is 200 ohms. Adjusting first digital resistor 7 changes the magnitude of bridge arm resistor R2, and adjusting second digital resistor 5 and third digital resistor 4 changes the magnitude of bridge arm resistor R0.
As shown in fig. 8, the digital resistors are connected with the lines of the bridge, U6 is a variable resistor on the multiplying power arm, two digital resistors U4 and U5 are connected in series to form a standard resistor of the bridge arm, and P8 is a wire holder of the galvanometer. The differential operational amplifier AD620 converts the single-ended voltage and outputs the single-ended voltage to the processor for sampling.
Galvanometer
Power supply module
Fig. 6 shows the circuit connection of the power supply module 17, the ac input of 9V, and the system voltage of 3.3V stabilized by the two-stage linear regulator AZ 1117.
The invention also provides an operation method of the network type bridge resistance measurement experiment instrument, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, a WIFI local area network is established in a classroom, and an experimental instrument is automatically connected with an upper computer through a WIFI communication module 12;
step 2: after the resistor 3 to be measured is connected into the experimental instrument, the multiplying power wave band switch 2 and the wave band switch are adjusted, the scale value is changed, and bridge balance adjustment is carried out;
and step 3: the processor 1 judges the contact position of the multiplying factor waveband switch 2, and calculates the multiplying factor of the bridge, namely K ═ R1/R2, wherein R1 is a fixed resistor 8, the resistance value of the fixed resistor is 200 ohms, and R2 is a first digital resistor 7, so that the resistance value of the first digital resistor 7 is set to be equal to R1/K ohms, namely the resistance value of the first digital resistor is dynamically changed and modulated;
and 4, step 4: the processor 1 identifies the positions of the contacts of the 1 Ω band switch 16, the 10 Ω band switch 15, the 100 Ω band switch 14 and the 1000 Ω band switch 13 of each gear resistor, and performs series addition to obtain a scale value of R0, wherein R0 represents a bridge arm resistor, and further adjusts the series resistance value of the second digital resistor 5 and the third digital resistor 4 according to the scale value of R0 to make the series resistance value be the same as the scale value of R0, namely the resistance values of the first digital resistor 7, the second digital resistor 5 and the third digital resistor 4 are dynamically changed along with the scale value;
and 5: along with the operation state, the voltage difference between two ends of the galvanometer 6 is amplified through the three-stage differential operational amplifier 11 and input to the built-in analog voltage converter of the processor 1, the processor 1 measures the differential voltage between two ends of the galvanometer 6 in real time, if the differential voltage is zero, the operator is determined to realize the balance adjustment of the bridge, the process node for measuring the resistor 3 to be measured is judged to pass, the processor 1 sends a signal to an upper computer through the WIFI communication module 12, and the upper computer displays the resistor to be measured in the experimental instrument with the corresponding number as a green check mark after receiving the information, so that the monitoring of the operation node is realized, and the process assessment is facilitated;
step 6: and (3) after the operator sequentially accesses the residual resistors to be measured 3 into the equipment, repeating the steps 2-5 to complete the measurement, and storing the condition of completion of each operation by the upper computer so as to inquire and register the score in the future.
The network type bridge resistance measurement experiment instrument is used in the teaching of the department, has stable and reliable operation and accurate measurement, and optimizes the classroom teaching of the department. To verify the accuracy of the experimental equipment, the measurement result is compared with that of a 4-bit half-digital multimeter, and the resistance machining precision is 1%.
TABLE 1 bridge resistance measurement experiment data table
As can be seen from table 1, the experimental data are accurate and reliable, and the measured value is scale value × magnification. The experimental instrument belongs to principle teaching equipment, focuses on stability and repeatability, and only needs to meet 5% of engineering precision deviation.
The network type bridge experimental instrument designed by the invention overcomes the defects of poor contact, unstable analog voltage, incapability of monitoring the operation process and the like of the traditional equipment, adopts a circuit designed by a completely digital means, and realizes novel experimental equipment which is stable, reliable and capable of monitoring and judging the operation process in real time. Each device can be used independently, the networking monitoring function can be freely selected and applied, and the teaching mode is flexible.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A network type bridge resistance measuring experiment instrument is characterized in that the experiment instrument comprises a shell, a multiplying power waveband switch, a resistance waveband switch, a galvanometer and a to-be-detected resistance interface end are embedded on the upper surface of the shell, the processor, the first digital resistor, the second digital resistor, the third digital resistor, the fixed resistor and the power module are arranged in the shell, the multiplying power wave band switch and the resistance wave band switch are connected with an analog voltage converter arranged in the processor, the first digital resistor and the fixed resistor are connected in series to form a first bridge arm, the second digital resistor, the third digital resistor and the resistor to be tested are sequentially connected in series to form a second bridge arm, the galvanometer is connected in parallel between the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm, and the two bridge arms are connected with the power supply module, and the first digital resistor, the second digital resistor and the third digital resistor are respectively connected with the processor.
2. The network type bridge resistance measuring experiment instrument according to claim 1, wherein a first operational amplifier voltage follower is connected between the first bridge arm and the galvanometer, a second operational amplifier voltage follower is connected between the second bridge arm and the galvanometer, two ends of the galvanometer are respectively connected with a positive input end and a negative input end of a differential operational amplifier, and an output end of the differential operational amplifier is connected with an analog voltage converter built in the processor.
3. The network type bridge resistance measuring experiment instrument according to claim 1, wherein a WIFI communication module is further arranged inside the shell, and the processor is communicated with an external upper computer through the WIFI communication module.
4. The network type bridge resistance measuring experiment instrument according to claim 3, wherein the processor is an STM32F103RCT6 processor, and the WIFI communication module is a highly integrated esp8266WIFI networking chip.
5. The experimental instrument for measuring the resistance of the network bridge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resistance band switches include a 1 Ω band switch, a 10 Ω band switch, a 100 Ω band switch and a 1000 Ω band switch, each contact of the multiplying power band switch, the 1 Ω band switch, the 10 Ω band switch, the 100 Ω band switch and the 1000 Ω band switch is connected with a resistor in series, and the contacts are connected with 0V and 3.3V voltages end to end, and the processor can identify the scale positions corresponding to each contact of the multiplying power band switch, the 1 Ω band switch, the 10 Ω band switch, the 100 Ω band switch and the 1000 Ω band switch by sampling the voltage of each contact, and determine the multiplying power options and the scale values of the resistance in the experiment.
6. The experimental instrument for measuring resistance of a network bridge according to claim 1, wherein the first digital resistor and the second digital resistor are AD5272-20K digital resistors, the maximum resistance of which is 20K ohms and the discrete interval number of which is 1024, and the third digital resistor is AD8400-1K digital resistor, the maximum resistance of which is 1K ohms and the discrete interval number of which is 256; the resistance value of the fixed resistor is 200 ohms.
7. The operation method of the network type bridge resistance measuring experiment instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: firstly, a WIFI local area network is established in a classroom, an experimental instrument is automatically connected with the WIFI network through a WIFI communication module, and an upper computer is also connected with the WIFI network;
step 2: after the resistor to be measured is connected to the experimental instrument, adjusting the multiplying power band switch to select a multiplying power value, adjusting the resistor band switch to change the resistance scale value, and performing bridge balance adjustment;
and step 3: the processor identifies the multiplying power of the bridge, namely K is R1/R2, wherein R1 is a fixed resistor with the resistance value of 200 ohms and R2 is a first digital resistor by judging the contact position of the multiplying power waveband switch, and then the processor sets the resistance value of the first digital resistor to be equal to R1/K ohms, namely the resistance value of the first digital resistor is dynamically changed and modulated;
and 4, step 4: the processor identifies the positions of contacts of a 1 omega wave band switch, a 10 omega wave band switch, a 100 omega wave band switch and a 1000 omega wave band switch of each gear resistor, and the positions are serially added to obtain a scale value of R0, wherein R0 represents a bridge arm resistor, and the serial resistance values of the second digital resistor and the third digital resistor are further adjusted according to the scale value of R0, so that the serial resistance values are the same as the scale value of R0, namely the resistance values of the first digital resistor, the second digital resistor and the third digital resistor are dynamically changed and adjusted along with the scale value;
and 5: along with the operation state, the voltage difference between two ends of the galvanometer is amplified through the differential operational amplifier and input to the built-in analog voltage converter of the processor, the processor measures the differential voltage between the two ends of the galvanometer in real time, if the differential voltage is zero, an operator is determined to realize the balance adjustment of the electric bridge, a process node for measuring the resistance to be measured is judged to pass, the processor sends a signal to an upper computer through the WIFI communication module, and the upper computer displays the resistance to be measured in the experimental instrument with the corresponding number as green after receiving the information;
step 6: and (3) after the operator sequentially accesses the rest resistors to be tested into the equipment, repeating the steps 2-5 to complete the measurement, and simultaneously storing the operation completion condition of each equipment by the upper computer so as to inquire and register the result in the future.
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| CN113904684A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-01-07 | 上海泰矽微电子有限公司 | Resistance network circuit for measuring ADC (analog to digital converter) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113904684A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-01-07 | 上海泰矽微电子有限公司 | Resistance network circuit for measuring ADC (analog to digital converter) |
| CN113904684B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-01 | 上海泰矽微电子有限公司 | Resistance network circuit for measuring ADC (analog to digital converter) |
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