CN113466108B - Clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester and experimental method thereof - Google Patents
Clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester and experimental method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113466108B CN113466108B CN202110903050.0A CN202110903050A CN113466108B CN 113466108 B CN113466108 B CN 113466108B CN 202110903050 A CN202110903050 A CN 202110903050A CN 113466108 B CN113466108 B CN 113466108B
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- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007660 shear property test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester and an experimental method thereof, wherein the tester comprises a control part, a software acquisition part and a pressurizing part, the control part is a computer PC end, the software acquisition part is upper computer software, and the pressurizing part is used for controlling the acquisition of pressure data through the upper computer software; the pressurizing part comprises a pressure chamber, an axial pressure pressurizing device and a pressure system, wherein the pressure chamber is arranged on a base of the axial pressure pressurizing device, a sample is placed in the pressure chamber, a gland is placed at the top of the sample, a latex film is sleeved on the side part of the sample, the axial pressure pressurizing device applies axial pressure to the sample, the pressure system is communicated with the pressure chamber, and pressure is applied to the sample; when the triaxial test device is used, the counter pressure, the reverse osmosis pressure and the confining pressure of the triaxial direction of the sample under constant axial pressure are measured through the counter pressure device, the confining pressure device and the osmotic pressure device, and force, stress and strain control loading is carried out in a triaxial test, so that triaxial consolidation and shearing properties of unsaturated soil are measured, and the triaxial test device has the characteristics of small volume and high test precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of clay detection experimental equipment, in particular to a clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester and an experimental method thereof.
Background
Clay is divided into two major categories, namely dispersible clay and non-dispersible clay, wherein the dispersible clay is clay with repulsive force of ions in low-salt water (or purified water) exceeding attractive force, so that particles of soil body are dispersed; the dispersed clay can flow along with water due to the dispersion effect among soil particles, so that conditions are provided for the osmotic deformation and damage of the soil body, and the soil body loss is caused;
In the modern building construction process, in order to avoid soil loss caused by the reasons mentioned above, the foundation quality is often required to be surveyed in the exploration process, so that corresponding foundation improvement schemes are made according to the geological conditions of different foundations, and theoretical basis is provided for later building construction;
In the current measurement of clay dispersibility, the used permeability tester is a single-axis or double-axis tester to measure the permeability of the soil body, but we know that the building foundation is extruded from three directions in the foundation soil by the force applied by the tester, namely, the tester is pressed by three axes, so that the existing single-axis or double-axis tester can only roughly measure the permeability of the soil body, and cannot finish the accurate measurement of clay dispersibility, thus not being suitable for the modern measurement precision requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester and an experimental method thereof, and when the tester is used, the counter pressure device, the confining pressure device and the penetrating pressure device arranged on the tester can be used for simultaneously measuring the counter pressure, the reverse penetrating pressure and the confining pressure of a sample in the triaxial direction under constant axial pressure, and the tester can be used for carrying out force, stress and strain control loading in triaxial test and measuring triaxial consolidation and shearing properties of unsaturated soil; meanwhile, according to drainage conditions, tests of non-consolidation non-drainage scissors (UU), consolidation non-drainage scissors (CU or) and consolidation drainage scissors (CD) can be carried out; the multi-stage loading consolidation/compression test can be carried out, and has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, small vibration, low noise, convenient use, high test precision and suitability for indoor or on-site use.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester comprises a control part, a software acquisition part and a pressurizing part, wherein the control part is a computer PC end, the software acquisition part is upper computer software, and the pressurizing part is controlled by the upper computer software to acquire pressure data; the pressure part comprises a pressure chamber, an axial pressure pressurizing device and a pressure system, wherein the pressure chamber is arranged on an experiment tray on a base of the axial pressure pressurizing device, a sample is placed in the pressure chamber, an upper gland is placed at the top of the sample, a latex film is sleeved on the side part of the sample, the axial pressure pressurizing device applies axial pressure to the sample through the upper gland, and the pressure system is communicated with the pressure chamber and applies pressure to the sample placed in the pressure chamber;
The pressure chamber comprises an upper pressure chamber and a pressure chamber base, the upper pressure chamber is connected with the pressure chamber base through a compression bolt, the sample is placed between the upper pressure chamber and the pressure chamber base, a pressure chamber piston rod is arranged on the upper pressure chamber, and the pressure chamber piston rod is respectively matched with the shaft pressure pressurizing device and the upper gland.
Preferably, the axial compression pressurizing device comprises an axial compression connecting rod, a cross beam, a compression bar, a load sensor and a base, wherein the axial compression connecting rod is arranged between the cross beam and the base, the compression bar is arranged in the middle of the cross beam, the load sensor is arranged on the compression bar, the pressure head part of the compression bar is a circular sphere, and the circular sphere is matched with a receiving groove arranged at the upper end part of a piston rod of the pressure chamber.
Preferably, the upper pressure chamber comprises a connecting rod, a lower pressure plate, a glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel and an upper pressure plate, wherein the glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel is arranged between the lower pressure plate and the upper pressure plate, the lower pressure plate is connected with the upper pressure plate through the connecting rod, an exhaust hole is formed in the upper pressure plate, and the exhaust hole is controlled through an exhaust screw; the piston rod of the pressure chamber is movably arranged on the center of the upper pressure plate, and the lower end part of the piston rod of the pressure chamber is matched with the shaft pressure applying hole arranged on the upper pressure cover.
Preferably, the pressure chamber base is provided with a back pressure hole, a seepage hole and a confining pressure hole, the back pressure hole is communicated with an inner side pressurizing port, and the inner side pressurizing port is communicated with the back pressure pressurizing hole arranged on the upper pressure cover through a pressurizing hose; the compression bolt is movably arranged on the pressure chamber base through the rotating rod and is matched with a U-shaped connecting port arranged on the lower pressure plate.
Preferably, the pressure system is a back pressure device, the back pressure device comprises a back pressure device, a water tank and a back pressure pipe, one end of the back pressure pipe is connected with the back pressure hole through a quick connecting mechanism, the other end of the back pressure pipe is connected with a water outlet of the back pressure device, a water inlet hole of the back pressure device is connected with the water tank, water is pushed out through a cylinder body of the back pressure device to apply back pressure to a sample, a control valve is arranged at one end of the back pressure pipe, which is close to the back pressure hole, and the back pressure device is controlled by upper computer software; the quick connecting mechanism comprises a first quick locking arm and a second quick locking arm which are arranged at the end part of the back pressure pipe, and a locking disc which is arranged at the outer end connecting part of the back pressure hole, wherein the first quick locking arm is rotationally connected with the back pressure pipe through a hinged support arranged on the back pressure pipe, one end of the second quick locking arm is hinged with the first quick locking arm, the other end of the second quick locking arm is provided with a locking block, and the locking block is matched with a locking hole arranged on the locking disc for use; and the end part of the back pressure pipe is also provided with a wedge-shaped clamping groove, the wedge-shaped clamping groove is matched with a wedge-shaped clamping head arranged at the connecting part of the outer end of the back pressure hole, and a rubber sealing ring is also arranged in the wedge-shaped clamping groove.
Preferably, the pressure system is a confining pressure device, the confining pressure device comprises a confining pressure device, a water tank and a confining pressure pipe, one end of the confining pressure pipe is connected with the confining pressure hole, the other end of the confining pressure pipe is connected with the confining pressure device, water is pushed out through a cylinder body of the confining pressure device to apply confining pressure to the sample, a control valve is arranged at one end of the confining pressure pipe, which is close to the confining pressure hole, and the confining pressure device is controlled by upper computer software.
Preferably, the pressure system further comprises an osmotic pressure device, the osmotic pressure device comprises a sample containing cup and a seepage pipe, one end of the seepage pipe is connected with the seepage hole, the other end of the seepage pipe is communicated with the sample containing cup, and a filter screen is arranged in the sample containing cup; and the bottom of the sample containing cup is also provided with a drainage port, the drainage port is connected with one end of a pump flow pipe, the other end of the pump flow pipe is connected with a water tank, and a flow meter, a shutoff valve and a vacuum pump are respectively arranged on a pipeline of the pump flow pipe, wherein the shutoff valve is arranged at two ends of the pump flow pipe, and the flow meter is controlled by upper computer software to count the flow of the pump flow pipe.
Preferably, an axle center hole is arranged at the center of the sample, fine sand or broken stone is filled in the axle center hole, clay plates are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sample, and the upper gland is arranged on the upper clay plate.
The test method of the clay dispersion pinhole triaxial penetration tester can be used for non-consolidation non-drainage shear test, consolidation non-drainage shear test and consolidation drainage shear test of a sample.
Preferably, when the clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester is used for a consolidation non-drainage test, the judging and stabilizing conditions of pore pressure change, drainage change and pore pressure dispersion of the sample are as follows:
judging the stability of pore pressure change: the variation of the pore pressure within 0.2 hour is not more than 5kPa, and the program judges that the pore pressure is stable;
judging the drainage change stably: the change amount of the drainage interval within 0.2 hour is not more than 0.5mL, and the program judges that the drainage is stable;
Judging stability of pore pressure dissipation degree: when the pore pressure dispersion degree was 90% or more, the program was judged to be stable.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention discloses a clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester, which is improved compared with the prior art in that:
The invention designs a clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester and an experimental method thereof, wherein the tester comprises an axial pressure pressurizing device, a back pressure device, a confining pressure device and a penetration pressure device, and can simultaneously measure stress data such as the back pressure, the reverse osmosis pressure, the confining pressure and the like of a sample in the triaxial direction under constant axial pressure when in use; the tester meets the triaxial clay dispersibility pinhole test, can also meet the test methods such as UU, CU, CD and the like in the triaxial compression test, can also carry out multi-stage loading consolidation/compression test, and has the advantages of small volume, light weight, small vibration, low noise, convenient use, high test precision and suitability for indoor or field use;
And the clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester is verified to accord with standard specifications: strain control triaxial apparatus of GB/T24107.1-2009 geotechnical test instrument; stress control triaxial apparatus of GB/T24107.2-2009 geotechnical test instrument; GBT 50123-1999 geotechnical test method standard; JTG E40-2007 Highway geotechnical test protocol; TB 10102-2010 geotechnical engineering protocol, SL 237-1999 geotechnical testing protocol requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the pressurizing part of the clay dispersion pinhole triaxial permeability tester of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the axial compression pressurizing device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the pressure chamber of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the upper pressure chamber of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the base of the pressure chamber of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a sample of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the counter-pressure device according to the invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the confining pressure device and the osmotic pressure device of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the quick-connect mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of sample preparation according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an interface of the upper computer software in the shear test of embodiment 4 UU of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a table showing the shear test record of example 4 UU of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a report of the shear test curve of example 4 UU of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a triaxial compression test report of the shear test of example 4 UU of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a diagram of the upper computer software operating interface for the consolidated non-drainage test of example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an operation interface of the judging process of the consolidation non-drainage test according to example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a diagram of an interface for shear test operation in the consolidated non-drainage test of example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a table of triaxial compression consolidation test records for the consolidation non-drainage test according to example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a triaxial compression consolidation test curve report table for the consolidation non-drainage test according to example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a table of triaxial compression shear test records for the consolidated non-drainage test of example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a triaxial compression shear test curve reporting table for the consolidated non-drainage test of example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a triaxial compression test report of the consolidated non-drainage test of example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the operation interface of the upper computer software for the consolidation drainage test according to example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a graphical representation of the operational interface of the shear process of the consolidated drainage test of example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 25 is a triaxial compression test report of the consolidated drainage test according to example 4 of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. the back pressure device, 11, the back pressure device, 12, the back pressure pipe, 121, the first quick lock arm, 122, the second quick lock arm, 1221, the locking piece, 123, the hinged support, 124, the rubber sealing ring, 125, the wedge-shaped clamping groove, 2, the pressure chamber, 21, the upper pressure chamber, 211, the connecting rod, 212, the lower pressure plate, 213, the glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel, 214, the upper pressure plate, 215, the vent hole, 216, the U-shaped connecting port, 22, the pressure chamber piston rod, 221, the receiving groove, 23, the pressure chamber base, 231, the back pressure hole, 2311, the locking disc, 2312, the wedge-shaped clamping head, 2313, the lock hole, 232, the seepage hole, 233, confining pressure hole 234, inner pressure port 235, rotary rod 24, compression bolt 3, sample 31, axial hole 32, clay plate 4, latex film 5, upper gland 51, axial pressure applying hole 6, confining pressure device 61, confining pressure device 62, confining pressure pipe 7, osmotic pressure device 71, sample cup 72, filter screen 73, flow meter 74, shutoff valve 75, vacuum pump 76, seepage pipe 77, pump pipe 8, load sensor 9, axial pressure pressurizing device 91, axial pressure connecting rod 92, cross beam 93, compression rod 94, base 95, experimental tray.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to the clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester and the experimental method thereof shown in the accompanying drawings 1-8, the tester comprises a control part, a software acquisition part and a pressurizing part, wherein the control part is a computer PC end, the software acquisition part is upper computer software, and the pressurizing part is controlled by the computer upper computer software to acquire pressure data; the computer PC end is an industrial computer, upper computer software is installed at the computer PC end and used for controlling loading speed, force value, confining pressure, back pressure, pore pressure and drainage in real time, collecting and storing axial stress, strain, displacement and pore water pressure, drawing corresponding curves according to an experimental method, and deriving original data from the background and printing a test report; the pressurizing part comprises a pressure chamber 2, an axial pressure pressurizing device 9 and a pressure system, wherein the pressure chamber 2 is arranged on an experiment tray 95 on the base of the axial pressure pressurizing device 9, a sample 3 is placed in the pressure chamber 2, an upper gland 5 is placed at the top of the sample 3, a latex film 4 is sleeved on the side part of the sample, the axial pressure pressurizing device 9 applies axial pressure to the sample 3 through the upper gland 5, the pressure system is communicated with the pressure chamber 2, and pressure is applied to the sample 3 placed in the pressure chamber 2 through the pressure system to perform a triaxial clay dispersibility pinhole experiment and a triaxial compression experiment;
The pressure chamber 2 comprises an upper pressure chamber 21 and a pressure chamber base 23, the upper pressure chamber 21 and the pressure chamber base 23 are detachably connected through a compression bolt 24, the sample 3 is placed between the upper pressure chamber 21 and the pressure chamber base 23, and is specifically placed on a clay plate 32 in the pressure chamber base 23, a pressure chamber piston rod 22 is arranged on the upper pressure chamber 21, and the pressure chamber piston rod 22 is respectively matched with the shaft pressure pressurizing device 9 and the upper gland 5 to apply pressure to the sample 3;
The axial compression pressurizing device 9 comprises an axial compression connecting rod 91, a cross beam 92, a compression rod 93, a load sensor 8 and a base 94, wherein the axial compression connecting rod 91 is arranged between the cross beam 92 and the base 94, the cross beam 92 is connected with the base 94, the compression rod 93 is arranged in the middle of the cross beam 92, the load sensor 8 is arranged on the compression rod 93, the axial force when the axial force is applied to the compression rod 93 is measured, the pressure head part of the compression rod 93 is a circular sphere, and the circular sphere is matched with a bearing groove 221 arranged at the upper end part of the pressure chamber piston rod 22, namely when the axial force is applied, the circular sphere of the pressure head part of the compression rod 93 is pressed in the bearing groove 221, and pressure is applied to the pressure chamber piston rod 22.
Preferably, the upper pressure chamber 21 includes a connecting rod 211, a lower pressure plate 212, a glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel 213 and an upper pressure plate 214, wherein the glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel 213 is arranged between the lower pressure plate 212 and the upper pressure plate 214, the lower pressure plate 212 is connected with the upper pressure plate 214 through the connecting rod 211, and an exhaust hole 215 is arranged on the upper pressure plate 214, and the exhaust hole 215 is controlled through an exhaust screw; the pressure chamber piston rod 22 is movably arranged on the center of the upper pressure plate 214, and the lower end part of the pressure chamber piston rod 22 is matched with the shaft pressure applying hole 51 arranged on the upper pressure cover 5, so that the shaft force can be applied to the upper pressure cover 5 conveniently; the pressure chamber base 23 is provided with a back pressure hole 231, a seepage hole 232 and a confining pressure hole 233, the back pressure hole 231 is communicated with an inner side pressurizing port 234, the inner side pressurizing port 234 is communicated with a back pressure pressurizing hole 52 arranged on the upper gland 5 through a pressurizing hose 25, and back pressure is applied to the sample 3; the compression bolt 24 is movably arranged on the pressure chamber base 23 through a rotating rod 235, and is matched with the U-shaped connecting port 216 arranged on the lower pressure plate 212, namely, after the upper pressure chamber 21 and the pressure chamber base 23 are aligned and installed, the compression bolt 24 and the U-shaped connecting port 216 are clamped with each other by rotating the compression bolt 24 upwards, and nuts at corresponding positions are rotated, so that the upper pressure chamber 21 and the pressure chamber base 23 are tightly connected, and water leakage and air leakage are prevented in the pressurizing process.
Preferably, an axial hole 31 is provided at the center of the sample 3 (the flow chart of the preparation process is shown in fig. 10), fine sand or broken stone is filled in the axial hole 31, the clay plates 32 are disposed at the upper and lower ends of the sample 3, so as to facilitate the saturation or unsaturation test, and the upper gland 5 is disposed on the upper clay plate 32.
Example 1: the pressure system is a back pressure device 1, the back pressure device 1 comprises a back pressure device 11, a water tank and a back pressure pipe 12, one end of the back pressure pipe 12 is connected with a back pressure hole 231 through a quick connection mechanism, the other end of the back pressure pipe is connected with a water outlet of the back pressure device 11, a water inlet hole of the back pressure device 11 is connected with the water tank, water is supplied by the water tank, when the back pressure device is used, the upper computer software controls a cylinder body of the back pressure device 11 to push water out, back pressure is applied to a sample 3, in order to control the back pressure in the process of applying the back pressure, a control valve is arranged at one end of the back pressure pipe 12 close to the back pressure hole 231, and the back pressure device 11 is controlled by the upper computer software to collect pressure and pressure data;
Preferably, in order to connect the back pressure pipe 12 with the back pressure hole quickly during the installation process, the quick connection mechanism comprises a first quick locking arm 121 and a second quick locking arm 122 arranged at the end of the back pressure pipe 12, a locking disk 2311 arranged at the outer end connection part of the back pressure hole 231, the first quick locking arm 121 is rotatably installed at the outer side of the back pressure pipe 12 through a hinged support 123 arranged on the back pressure pipe 12, one end of the second quick locking arm 122 is hinged with the first quick locking arm 121, the second quick locking arm 122 is driven to rotate through the first quick locking arm 121, and a locking piece 1221 is arranged at the other end of the second quick locking arm 122, and the locking piece 1221 is matched with a locking hole 2313 arranged on the locking disk 2311 for use; the end of the back pressure pipe 12 is further provided with a wedge-shaped clamping groove 125, the wedge-shaped clamping groove 125 is matched with a wedge-shaped clamping head 2312 arranged at the connecting part at the outer end of the back pressure hole 231, namely when the back pressure pipe is used, the wedge-shaped clamping groove 125 is aligned with the wedge-shaped clamping head 2312, the first quick locking arm 121 is rotated, the first quick locking arm 121 drives the second quick locking arm 122 to rotate, the locking piece 1221 is locked in the locking hole 2313, the first quick locking arm 121 is reversely rotated, the first quick locking arm 121 drives the second quick locking arm 122 to reversely move, and the wedge-shaped clamping head 2312 is clamped in the wedge-shaped clamping groove 125 and locked, so that the back pressure pipe 12 and the back pressure hole 231 are quickly connected; simultaneously be connected back pressure pipe 12 and back pressure hole 231 through this quick coupling mechanism, wedge draw-in gear 2312 card goes into wedge draw-in groove 125 closely and compresses tightly, can prevent effectively that outside air from getting into the pressure chamber, the vacuum environment in the time of guaranteeing the pressure guarantees the experimental accuracy.
Preferably, in order to enhance the air tightness of the connection, a rubber sealing ring 124 is further provided in the wedge-shaped clamping groove 125.
Example 2: when the confining pressure is applied, the pressure system is a confining pressure device 6, the confining pressure device 6 comprises a confining pressure device 61, a water tank and a confining pressure pipe 62, one end of the confining pressure pipe 62 is connected with a confining pressure hole 233, the other end of the confining pressure pipe 62 is connected with the confining pressure device 61, the confining pressure device 61 is communicated with the water tank through a water injection pipe, water is supplied by the water tank, when the confining pressure device is used, the confining pressure device is controlled by upper computer software to push out water from a cylinder body of the confining pressure device 61, confining pressure is applied to a sample 3, confining pressure experiments are carried out, in addition, a control valve is arranged at one end, close to the confining pressure hole 233, of the confining pressure pipe 62, and the confining pressure device 61 is controlled by the upper computer software to carry out pressurization and pressure data acquisition.
Example 3: when the osmotic pressure test of the sample 3 is carried out, the pressure system also comprises an osmotic pressure device 7, the osmotic pressure device 7 comprises a sample containing cup 71 and a seepage pipe 76, one end of the seepage pipe 76 is connected with a seepage hole 232, the other end of the seepage pipe is communicated with the sample containing cup 71, a filter screen 72 is arranged in the sample containing cup 71, and water passing through the seepage pipe 76 is filtered; and a drainage port is further arranged at the bottom of the sample containing cup 71, the drainage port is connected with one end of the pump flow pipe 77, the other end of the pump flow pipe 77 is connected with the water tank, a flow meter 73, a shutoff valve 74 and a vacuum pump 75 for counting flow are respectively arranged on a pipeline of the pump flow pipe 77, the shutoff valve 74 is arranged at two ends of the pump flow pipe 77 for water flow control, the flow meter 73 is controlled by software of an upper computer for counting the flow passing through the pump flow pipe 77 so as to reflect the volume of the osmotic water of the sample 3, and the osmotic pressure is calculated.
Example 4: in the experiment, the above-mentioned examples 1 to 3 were used singly or in combination according to the experimental requirements; in a specific experiment, when the 3 real-time modes are combined together for use, the tester can finish a water head saturation, a back pressure saturation, a non-consolidation non-drainage shear test (uu), a consolidation non-drainage shear test (cu or) and a consolidation drainage shear test of a sample, and the test types and the operation methods are as follows:
(1) Non-consolidation no drainage test (UU):
Firstly, according to the second item 1 st open menu [ project ] of figure 11/[ project edit ], clicking the confining pressure controller as shown in the above figure, and according to the third item 1 st confining pressure setting method of figure 11, setting the required confining pressure parameters; when the pore pressure is basically stable, starting the motor, then starting the test, and performing a shearing test; the system automatically records a main stress difference-axial strain curve; "effective principal stress ratio-axial strain curve"; note that: setting test ending conditions before the test; after the test is finished, the test is started again, and a multi-stage shearing test can be performed;
After the test is completed, clicking the report selects the test piece shear test, and the test report and the graph can be opened as shown in fig. 12 and 13:
And (3) carrying out UU test, carrying out one or more groups of shear tests, opening a triaxial test report of a background, and drawing a shear strength envelope, an internal friction angle and a cohesive force of the UU test according to test data by a program, wherein the shear strength envelope, the internal friction angle and the cohesive force are shown in FIG. 14.
(2) Consolidation no drainage test (CU or CU'):
Opening a menu [ project ] and [ project edit ], clicking a confining pressure controller, and setting required confining pressure parameters according to a confining pressure setting method as shown in fig. 15; after the confining pressure is stable, starting a consolidation test, and automatically judging that the pore pressure is stable by a program; the program automatically opens the drain valve and automatically tests the consolidation drain test as shown in fig. 15;
judging the stability of pore pressure change: the interval duration and the variation can be set according to the test requirement, as shown in fig. 16, the variation of the pore pressure within 0.2 hour is not more than 5kPa, and the program judges that the pore pressure is stable;
judging the drainage change stably: the interval duration and the variation can be set according to the test requirement, the drainage parameter is required to be set, and the method can be used for making a check in the front; as shown in fig. 16, the drain interval did not change by more than 0.5mL in 0.2 hours, and the program judged that the drain was stable and was automatically stopped;
Judging stability of pore pressure dissipation degree: the percentage of the dispersion degree can be set according to the test requirement, the parameter is required to be set, and the program is judged to be stable and automatically stopped when the hole pressure dispersion degree is more than or equal to 90% as shown in figure 16;
Judging and stabilizing drainage time length: if this parameter needs to be set, it can be checked in the front, as shown in fig. 16, when the "duration" reaches the set time, automatically stopping,
When consolidation is complete, click "shear test", as shown in fig. 17:
the system automatically records a main stress difference-axial strain curve in the shearing process; "effective principal stress-axial strain curve", note: setting test ending conditions before the test;
When the test is finished, the test is started again, and a multi-stage shear test (CU' test also records a pore pressure-axial strain curve);
After the shear test is completed, the consolidation test report and the shear test report are opened as shown in fig. 18 to 22.
(3) Consolidation drainage test (CD)
The consolidation method of the CD test is the same as the CU test, and the program automatically draws a pore pressure and time relation curve and a drainage and time relation curve;
Shear test method for CD test:
The CD shear test is a direct start shear test after consolidation is completed, and attention must be paid to the fact that the drain valve must be opened during the shear process in order to determine the drainage during the shear process: the software automatically draws four relationship curves in the shearing process: a main stress difference and axial strain relation curve, an effective main stress ratio and axial strain relation curve, a pore pressure and axial strain relation curve, and a drainage and axial strain relation curve;
(4) A sample multistage shear test:
for UU test and CU test, after shearing is completed under the condition of applying the first-stage ambient pressure, axial stress is eliminated to restore the sample to an equidirectional stress state, and next-stage ambient pressure is applied again, so that the influence of the bias stress in the test can be eliminated, and axial creep deformation is not generated. The test piece is fixedly connected under the equivalent pressure, so that the specification makes the specification of removing the axial pressure, and the detailed operation is shown in the specification of the triaxial test multi-stage shear.
(5) Sample saturation:
Sample saturation is classified into back pressure saturation and vacuum saturation; vacuum saturation method: putting the saturator with the sample into a vacuum cylinder, coating a layer of vaseline on a cover opening to prevent air leakage, and starting a vacuum pump to pump out the gas in the cylinder and the soil body; when the pressure reaches a negative atmospheric pressure value (about-101.325 kPa), opening a water injection valve, stopping pumping after the saturator is completely immersed in water, pulling out a water inlet pipe, allowing air to enter a vacuum cylinder, standing for a certain time, and saturating a sample by means of atmospheric pressure;
back pressure saturation: when the test is required to be fully saturated, applying a back pressure to the test sample, applying a confining pressure of 10-20kPa to the test sample according to the fourth item, the parameter setting, the confining pressure and the operation method of the back pressure test system, opening a back pressure valve after the pore pressure is stable, simultaneously applying the ambient pressure and the back pressure, increasing the pressure of 30kPa in each stage, and applying the ambient pressure and the back pressure of the next stage after the pore pressure is stable. Measuring pore water pressure every time primary pressure is applied; when the ratio of pore water pressure increase to ambient pressure increase is greater than 0.98, the test piece is considered saturated.
(6) Test notice:
1. Before the test, checking whether the connection of the cylinder body and the pipeline of the back pressure and confining pressure test system is correct or not, and connecting limit, motor and communication according to the identification to ensure that the connection of each socket is stable;
2. the instrument is 220V voltage and must have ground connection;
3. After the system is started, testing that each system operates normally and starting a test;
4. before the experiment, the pipelines of the confining pressure back pressure testing system and the gas in the cylinder body are necessarily removed completely, and bubbles are not allowed to exist in the pipelines in the experiment process;
5. the water used in the experiment must be distilled or purified water;
6. the water injection or drainage of the pressure chamber must not be performed on the host;
6. After the test is completed, the pressure chamber is taken down, the exhaust valve on the pressure chamber is screwed off, the confining pressure interface is opened for draining, and the sample is taken out;
7. the mechanical movement part should be smeared with lubricating oil regularly to keep the instrument clean.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration test appearance which characterized in that: the system comprises a control part, a software acquisition part and a pressurizing part, wherein the control part is a computer PC end, the software acquisition part is upper computer software, and the pressurizing part is controlled by the upper computer software to acquire pressure data; the pressure part comprises a pressure chamber (2), an axial pressure pressurizing device (9) and a pressure system, wherein the pressure chamber (2) is arranged on an experiment tray (95) on a base of the axial pressure pressurizing device (9), a sample (3) is arranged in the pressure chamber (2), an upper gland (5) is arranged at the top of the sample (3), a latex film (4) is sleeved on the side part of the sample, the axial pressure pressurizing device (9) applies axial pressure to the sample (3) through the upper gland (5), and the pressure system is communicated with the pressure chamber (2) and applies pressure to the sample (3) arranged in the pressure chamber (2);
The pressure chamber (2) comprises an upper pressure chamber (21) and a pressure chamber base (23), the upper pressure chamber (21) is connected with the pressure chamber base (23) through a compression bolt (24), the sample (3) is placed between the upper pressure chamber (21) and the pressure chamber base (23), a pressure chamber piston rod (22) is arranged on the upper pressure chamber (21), and the pressure chamber piston rod (22) is respectively matched with the shaft pressure pressurizing device (9) and the upper gland (5);
The axial compression pressurizing device (9) comprises an axial compression connecting rod (91), a cross beam (92), a compression rod (93), a load sensor (8) and a base (94), wherein the axial compression connecting rod (91) is arranged between the cross beam (92) and the base (94), the compression rod (93) is arranged in the middle of the cross beam (92), the load sensor (8) is arranged on the compression rod (93), and the pressure head part of the compression rod (93) is a circular sphere and is matched with a receiving groove (221) arranged at the upper end part of a piston rod (22) of the pressure chamber;
the upper pressure chamber (21) comprises a connecting rod (211), a lower pressure plate (212), a glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel (213) and an upper pressure plate (214), wherein the glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel (213) is arranged between the lower pressure plate (212) and the upper pressure plate (214), the lower pressure plate (212) is connected with the upper pressure plate (214) through the connecting rod (211), an exhaust hole (215) is formed in the upper pressure plate (214), and the exhaust hole (215) is controlled through an exhaust screw; the pressure chamber piston rod (22) is movably arranged on the center of the upper pressure plate (214), and the lower end part of the pressure chamber piston rod (22) is matched with a shaft pressure applying hole (51) arranged on the upper pressure cover (5);
The pressure chamber base (23) is provided with a back pressure hole (231), a seepage hole (232) and a confining pressure hole (233), the back pressure hole (231) is communicated with an inner side pressurizing port (234), and the inner side pressurizing port (234) is communicated with a back pressure pressurizing hole (52) arranged on the upper gland (5) through a pressurizing hose (25); the compression bolt (24) is movably arranged on the pressure chamber base (23) through a rotating rod (235) and is matched with a U-shaped connecting port (216) arranged on the lower pressure plate (212);
The pressure system comprises a back pressure device (1), the back pressure device (1) comprises a back pressure device (11), a water tank and a back pressure pipe (12), one end of the back pressure pipe (12) is connected with a back pressure hole (231) through a quick connection mechanism, the other end of the back pressure pipe is connected with a water outlet of the back pressure device (11), a water inlet hole of the back pressure device (11) is connected with the water tank, water is pushed out through a cylinder body of the back pressure device (11) to apply back pressure to a sample (3), and a control valve is arranged at one end, close to the back pressure hole (231), of the back pressure pipe (12), and the back pressure device (11) is controlled by upper computer software; the quick connecting mechanism comprises a first quick locking arm (121) and a second quick locking arm (122) which are arranged at the end part of the back pressure pipe (12), a locking disc (2311) is arranged at the outer end connecting part of the back pressure hole (231), the first quick locking arm (121) is rotationally connected with the back pressure pipe (12) through a hinged support (123) arranged on the back pressure pipe (12), one end of the second quick locking arm (122) is hinged with the first quick locking arm (121), a locking piece (1221) is arranged at the other end of the second quick locking arm (122), and the locking piece (1221) is matched with a locking hole (2313) arranged on the locking disc (2311); the end part of the back pressure pipe (12) is also provided with a wedge-shaped clamping groove (125), the wedge-shaped clamping groove (125) is matched with a wedge-shaped clamping head (2312) arranged at the outer end connecting part of the back pressure hole (231) for use, and a rubber sealing ring (124) is also arranged in the wedge-shaped clamping groove (125);
The pressure system comprises a confining pressure device (6), the confining pressure device (6) comprises a confining pressure device (61), a water tank and a confining pressure pipe (62), one end of the confining pressure pipe (62) is connected with a confining pressure hole (233), the other end of the confining pressure pipe is connected with the confining pressure device (61), water is pushed out through a cylinder body of the confining pressure device (61), confining pressure is applied to a sample (3), and a control valve is arranged at one end, close to the confining pressure hole (233), of the confining pressure pipe (62), and the confining pressure device (61) is controlled by upper computer software;
the pressure system also comprises an osmotic pressure device (7), the osmotic pressure device (7) comprises a sample containing cup (71) and a seepage pipe (76), one end of the seepage pipe (76) is connected with the seepage hole (232), the other end of the seepage pipe is communicated with the sample containing cup (71), and a filter screen (72) is arranged in the sample containing cup (71); and still be provided with the drainage mouth in the bottom of flourishing appearance cup (71), the drainage mouth is connected with the one end of pump flow tube (77), and the other end and the water tank of pump flow tube (77) are connected, and are provided with flow counter (73), shutoff valve (74) and vacuum pump (75) respectively on the pipeline of pump flow tube (77), wherein shutoff valve (74) set up in the both ends of pump flow tube (77), flow counter (73) are controlled by host computer software, statistics pump flow tube flow.
2. The clay dispersibility pinhole triaxial penetration tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the center of the sample (3) is provided with an axle center hole (31), fine sand or broken stone is filled in the axle center hole (31), clay plates (32) are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sample (3), and the upper gland (5) is arranged on the upper clay plate (32).
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| CN114544325A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-27 | 重庆大学 | High-voltage CT-triaxial tester for soil body |
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