CN113466104A - Device and method for detecting aerosol penetration in microchannel - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting aerosol penetration in microchannel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113466104A CN113466104A CN202110738969.9A CN202110738969A CN113466104A CN 113466104 A CN113466104 A CN 113466104A CN 202110738969 A CN202110738969 A CN 202110738969A CN 113466104 A CN113466104 A CN 113466104A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
Abstract
A device and a method for detecting aerosol penetration in a microchannel, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a transition clamping pipe section, a cylindrical micro-channel test piece vertically arranged in the transition clamping pipe section, and aerosol sampling and measuring mechanisms on the upper stream and the lower stream of the micro-channel test piece; the cylindrical microchannel test piece includes: two semi-cylindrical stainless steel blocks which are oppositely attached and two pieces of aluminum foil which are horizontally and oppositely arranged in the attaching surface; the invention aims at the specific boundary condition of the aerosol leakage process under the containment accident condition, and is applicable to aerosol penetration detection under the parameter conditions that the pressure difference at two ends of a microchannel is less than 7.0barg, the aerosol temperature is less than 180 ℃, and the flow direction temperature gradient is less than 1 ℃/mm through the detachable microchannel test piece, the flow direction temperature gradient control and the data acquisition and processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of radioactivity evaluation of a nuclear power plant, in particular to a method for detecting aerosol penetration in a microchannel.
Background
The penetration detection of aerosol in the containment microchannel under the nuclear power plant accident condition is carried out, the penetration efficiency of aerosol in microchannels with different characteristic sizes is researched, and the method is one of important directions for optimizing the containment radioactivity evaluation at the present stage. The existing micro-channel aerosol penetration detection research mainly focuses on penetration evaluation of buildings in atmospheric environment, most of the adopted micro-channels are regular capillaries, and the experimental conditions and the accident conditions of the nuclear power plant have great difference, which are mainly reflected in aerosol characteristic parameters (such as temperature, pressure difference, water vapor share and the like) and temperature gradient (generated by operation of a passive containment cooling system) in the flow direction of a leakage channel. Therefore, a set of detection methods is needed that can be used to study the penetration efficiency of micro-channel aerosols in nuclear power plant accident conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and the blank in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for detecting aerosol penetration in a microchannel, aiming at the specific boundary condition of the aerosol leakage process under the containment accident condition, the device and the method can be suitable for detecting the aerosol penetration under the parameter conditions that the pressure difference at two ends of the microchannel is less than 7.0barg, the aerosol temperature is less than 180 ℃, and the temperature gradient in the flowing direction is less than 1 ℃/mm by a detachable microchannel test piece, the temperature gradient control in the flowing direction and the acquisition and processing of data.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a device for detecting aerosol penetration in a microchannel, which comprises: the device comprises a transition clamping pipe section, a cylindrical micro-channel test piece vertically arranged in the transition clamping pipe section, and aerosol sampling and measuring mechanisms on the upper stream and the lower stream of the micro-channel test piece.
The cylinder microchannel test piece comprises: two semi-cylinder stainless steel blocks which are relatively attached and two pieces of aluminum foil which are horizontally and relatively arranged in the attaching surface.
The aerosol sampling and measuring mechanism comprises: aerosol sample pipeline, ball valve and particle size spectrometer probe that link to each other in proper order are equipped with the heat tracing heat preservation on the sample pipeline, wherein: the sampling port of the aerosol sampling pipeline is located at the axis of the transition clamping pipe section, the ball valve is used for controlling the start and stop of sampling, and the particle size spectrometer can measure the information such as the concentration of the sampled aerosol, so that the online measurement of the aerosol concentration is realized.
The downstream end face of the cylindrical micro-channel test piece is provided with a cooling water tank, the water tank is sealed through a cover plate, and external cooling water continuously flows in from an inlet and flows out from an outlet.
Technical effects
The invention integrally solves the defects that the micro-channel structure in the prior art can not be disassembled and the temperature gradient in the flowing direction is not realized; compared with the prior art, the temperature gradient control in the flow direction of the micro-channel is realized through the special design of the cooling water tank and the temperature measuring point on the downstream end surface of the test piece; the assembly design of the aluminum foil and the two semi-cylindrical stainless steel blocks realizes convenient adjustment of the height of the micro-channel (replacement of aluminum foils with different thicknesses); the device can be used for detecting the penetration efficiency of the micro-channel aerosol under the conditions of high pressure difference and temperature gradient on the whole, and the penetration efficiency (namely outlet aerosol mass flow rate/inlet aerosol mass flow rate) is obtained, and the method is simple and easy to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a microchannel structure
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cooling water tank;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of temperature measurement points;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams illustrating effects of the embodiment;
in the figure: the device comprises a transition clamping pipe section 1, a pipe section heat tracing insulation layer 2, an asbestos gasket 3, a cylindrical micro-channel test piece 4, bolts 5, an aerosol sampling pipeline 6, a sampling pipeline heat tracing insulation layer 7, a ball valve 8, a particle size spectrometer probe 9, a semi-cylindrical stainless steel block 10, an aluminum foil 11, fastening bolts 12, a temperature measuring point counter bore 13, a cooling water tank 14, a cooling water inlet 15, a cooling water outlet 16 and a water tank cover plate 17.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a device for detecting aerosol penetration in a microchannel, comprising: the device comprises a transition clamping pipe section 1, a cylindrical micro-channel test piece 4 vertically arranged in the transition clamping pipe section, and aerosol sampling and measuring mechanisms on the upper stream and the lower stream of the micro-channel test piece.
The cylinder microchannel test piece 4 is assembled in the middle of the transition clamping pipe section 1 through two asbestos gaskets 3, the matching end of the corresponding transition clamping pipe section 1 and the cylinder microchannel test piece 4 is a concave flange, and the cylinder microchannel test piece is fastened and sealed through bolts 5(8 multiplied by M36) and the asbestos gaskets 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the cylindrical microchannel test piece 4 includes: two semi-cylinder stainless steel blocks 10 which are relatively attached and two pieces of aluminum foil pieces 11 which are horizontally and relatively arranged in the attaching surface, wherein the thickness of the aluminum foil pieces is 0.2mm, 0.1mm and 0.05 mm.
The semi-cylinder stainless steel block 10 realizes relative laminating through two fastening bolts 12, and the laminating degree, namely the characteristic dimension of the micro-channel, can be adjusted by replacing aluminum foil pieces 11 with different thicknesses.
As shown in FIG. 3, the downstream end face of the cylindrical microchannel test piece 4 is provided with a cooling water tank 14, the cooling water tank 14 is sealed by a cover plate 17, and external cooling water continuously flows in from an inlet 15 and flows out from an outlet 16.
The cover plate thickness is matched with the height of the water tank and is 2 mm.
And a temperature measuring point counter bore 13 for monitoring the temperature distribution of the micro-channel in the flowing direction is arranged at the upstream of the cooling water tank 14, and the distance between the temperature measuring counter bore 13 and the binding surfaces of the two semi-cylindrical stainless steel blocks 10, namely the position of the micro-channel, is less than 3 mm.
The aerosol sampling and measuring mechanism comprises: aerosol sample pipeline 6, ball valve 8 and particle size spectrometer probe 9 that link to each other in proper order, wherein: the sampling opening of the aerosol sampling pipeline 6 is positioned at the axial position of the transition clamping pipe section 1, the inner diameter of the sampling opening is 8mm, the aerosol at the inlet and the outlet of the micro-channel controlled by the ball valve 8 is conveyed by the aerosol pipeline 6 and passes through the particle size spectrometer probe 9, and the online measurement of the aerosol concentration is realized.
Preferably, be equipped with the heat tracing heat preservation on the whole sampling line to prevent that sample aerosol condensation, influence the particle size spectrometer and measure, include: the pipe section heat tracing insulation layer 2 and the sampling pipeline heat tracing insulation layer 7 are respectively arranged outside the cylindrical micro-channel test piece 4, the transition clamping pipe section 1 and the aerosol sampling pipeline 6, so that the aerosol to be penetrated at high temperature and the sampling aerosol are ensured to be as constant temperature as possible, and larger aerosol measurement errors are prevented from being introduced by particle thermophoretic deposition.
The embodiment relates to a detection method of the device, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and opening the transition clamping pipe section 1 and the pipe section heat tracing insulation layer 2 of the aerosol sampling pipeline 6 and the sampling pipeline heat tracing insulation layer 7, and raising the temperature of the whole detection device to the experimental temperature.
Step two: injecting clean aerosol carrier gas with the temperature as the detection temperature into the transition clamping pipe section 1, leaking gas from the micro-channel in the center of the micro-channel test piece 4 to the downstream, then starting cooling water leading to the lower end face of the test piece 4, and obtaining the temperature gradient in the flow direction of the micro-channel by continuously cooling and collecting the measured value of the temperature sensor of the micro-channel test piece 4, as shown in fig. 5.
Step three: and opening a ball valve 8 on the aerosol sampling pipeline 6, mixing a certain amount of aerosol particles under the condition that the thermal parameters of the aerosol carrier gas in the previous step are not changed, flowing the aerosol in the transition clamping pipe section 1, and penetrating the microchannel of the microchannel test piece 4 to the downstream.
Step four: calculating the aerosol penetration efficiency in the microchannel
Wherein:
and
the aerosol mass flow rate (mg/h), p, at the outlet and inlet of the microchannel, respectivelyp,outAnd ρp,inThe mass concentration (mg/m) of the aerosol measured by the micro-channel outlet and inlet particle size spectrometer probe 9 respectively3),Pg,inAnd Pg,outAbsolute pressures at the outlet and inlet of the microchannel, respectively.
Through specific practical experiments, the method can be used for carrying out aerosol penetration detection under the conditions that the pressure difference at two ends of the microchannel is less than 7.0barg, the aerosol temperature is less than 180 ℃, and the temperature gradient in the flowing direction is less than 1 ℃/mm, and the obtained data are as follows: the height of the micro-channel, the temperature distribution in the flow direction of the micro-channel, the upstream and downstream pressures of the micro-channel and the aerosol concentration, and the aerosol penetration efficiency in the micro-channel is obtained according to the calculation formula in the step four.
Compared with the prior art that the aerosol penetration detection in the microchannel adopts non-detachable channel structures (such as a capillary tube, a pore plate and a rectangular groove) and the channels are all normal temperature, the invention can realize convenient adjustment of the height of the microchannel and control of the boundary condition of the temperature gradient through the detachable microchannel design and the temperature gradient control design, can be used for carrying out the aerosol penetration detection under the parameter conditions that the pressure difference at two ends of the microchannel is less than 7.0barg, the aerosol temperature is less than 180 ℃, and the temperature gradient in the flowing direction is less than 1 ℃/mm, can simulate the leakage condition of the crack of the steel containment vessel under the accident condition of a nuclear power plant, and obtain the aerosol penetration efficiency.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. A device for detecting aerosol penetration in a microchannel, comprising: the device comprises a transition clamping pipe section, a cylindrical micro-channel test piece vertically arranged in the transition clamping pipe section, and aerosol sampling and measuring mechanisms on the upper stream and the lower stream of the micro-channel test piece;
the cylinder microchannel test piece comprises: two semi-cylindrical stainless steel blocks which are oppositely attached and two pieces of aluminum foil which are horizontally and oppositely arranged in the attaching surface;
the aerosol sampling and measuring mechanism comprises: aerosol sample pipeline, ball valve and particle size spectrometer probe that link to each other in proper order are equipped with the heat tracing heat preservation on the sample pipeline, wherein: the sampling port of the aerosol sampling pipeline is located at the axis of the transition clamping pipe section, the ball valve is used for controlling the start and stop of sampling, and the particle size spectrometer measures the concentration of the sampled aerosol to realize the online measurement of the aerosol concentration.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical microchannel test piece has a cooling water channel on its downstream end face, the cooling water channel is sealed by a cover plate, and external cooling water continuously flows in from the inlet and flows out from the outlet.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the semi-cylindrical stainless steel blocks are attached to each other by two fastening bolts, and the attachment degree, i.e. the characteristic dimension of the microchannel, is adjusted by replacing aluminum foils with different thicknesses.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein a counter bore for a temperature measuring point is provided upstream of the cooling water tank for monitoring the temperature distribution in the flow direction of the microchannel, and the counter bore is attached to the two semi-cylindrical stainless steel blocks.
5. The method for detecting the aerosol penetration in the microchannel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: opening the transition clamping pipe section, the pipe section heat tracing insulation layer of the aerosol sampling pipeline and the sampling pipeline heat tracing insulation layer, and raising the temperature of the whole detection device to the experimental temperature;
step two: injecting clean aerosol carrier gas with the temperature as the detection temperature into the transition clamping pipe section, wherein the gas leaks downstream from a micro-channel in the center of the micro-channel test piece, then starting cooling water leading to the lower end face of the test piece, and obtaining the temperature gradient in the flow direction of the micro-channel by continuously cooling and collecting the measured value of a temperature sensor of the micro-channel test piece;
step three: opening a ball valve on an aerosol sampling pipeline, only mixing a certain amount of aerosol particles under the condition of keeping the thermal parameters of aerosol carrier gas unchanged in the previous step, flowing the aerosol in the transition clamping pipe section, and penetrating the microchannel of the microchannel test piece downstream;
step four: calculating the aerosol penetration efficiency in the microchannel
Wherein:
and
the mass flow rates of aerosol at the outlet and the inlet of the micro-channel are respectively, and the unit is mg/h; rhop, o tAnd ρp，inThe mass concentration of the aerosol measured by a micro-channel outlet and inlet particle size spectrometer probe is mg/m3；Pg，inAnd Pg, o tAbsolute pressures at the outlet and inlet of the microchannel, respectively.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114279929A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-05 | 上海交通大学 | Method for determining aerosol penetration efficiency in geometrically unknown microscale rectangular groove |
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| CN102562040A (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2012-07-11 | 西南石油大学 | Dynamic evaluation instrument for high-temperature and high-pressure drilling fluid loss |
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