CN113462915A - Preparation method of zinc-copper-titanium intermediate alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of zinc-copper-titanium intermediate alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy, which mainly comprises the steps of filling a part of pure zinc (1/5-1/2 of the total mass of the pure zinc) and sponge titanium into a crucible in a vacuum melting furnace, heating to 800-900 ℃ after vacuumizing, and preserving heat for 5-20min at the temperature; then cooling the melt in the crucible to 500-750 ℃, transferring the melt into a common smelting furnace, adding the residual pure zinc and pure copper, and preserving the heat for 20-60min to completely dissolve the titanium sponge and the pure copper; and finally pouring the melt into a mold for cooling and solidifying to obtain the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy. The method can well solve the technical problems of high-temperature zinc volatilization, copper and titanium burning loss, low-temperature titanium insolubility and difficult control of Zn-Cu-Ti components, and can quickly obtain the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy with high-purity and high-precision chemical components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of zinc alloy intermediate alloys, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-content zinc-copper-titanium intermediate alloy containing Cu and Ti.
Background
Titanium zinc plates (Zn- (0.08-1) Cu- (0.06-0.2) Ti) are widely used in the building and decoration industry in the seventies of the last century in developed countries in Western Europe, such as roof boards, wall panels and drainage channels. The performance and the application of the material are researched with great success in China. The success of trial production of water tank radiating fins, radiating pipes, automobile brake pipes, oil conveying pipes, medical high-speed dental drills and the like by using (Zn- (0.08-1) Cu- (0.06-0.2) Ti) alloy as a copper substitute material is reported. However, at present, the preparation and application of (Zn- (0.08-1) Cu- (0.06-0.2) Ti) alloy materials are still not mature in China, so that the exploration and optimization of (Zn- (0.08-1) Cu- (0.06-0.2) Ti) alloys and plate preparation technologies thereof can produce high-quality Zn-Cu-Ti alloy plates meeting European standard EN988, and the high-quality Zn-Cu-Ti alloy plates have important social and economic benefits.
In addition, the currently prepared Zn-Cu-Ti is all small-quality master alloys, but the preparation cost is high, and the small-quality master alloys have relatively low purity, which can lead to the introduction of some impurities in the process of preparing the titanium-zinc plate, and in addition, the currently prepared Zn-Cu-Ti master alloys generally have high temperature, so that the prepared master alloys have poor quality and are difficult to prepare in a large batch at one time.
Since Zn has a melting point of only 420 ℃ and a boiling point of 907 ℃, it is much lower than Cu and Ti. The existing method for preparing the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy mainly comprises the following steps:
one is to add pure Cu and pure Ti/sponge titanium into zinc liquid at high temperature (more than 900 ℃) for one time until the pure Cu and the pure Ti/sponge titanium are completely melted. The method not only causes the problems of slow melting/dissolving efficiency, incomplete melting/dissolving and even difficult melting/dissolving of Cu and Ti, but also causes that Cu and Ti elements are difficult to be uniformly distributed in a melt according to designed components, the burning loss rate of Zn is serious and generally more than 5%, and in addition, the burning loss rate of Cu and Ti is also more than 3%, which causes that the components of the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy are difficult to be accurately controlled, and simultaneously, the method causes the coarsening of TiZn15 intermetallic compounds in the intermediate alloy;
another method is to add pure Cu and pure Ti/sponge titanium into zinc liquid, the temperature of the zinc liquid is generally lower than the boiling point (< 900 ℃) of the zinc alloy, and the melting is accelerated by applying stirring or disturbance, the method for preparing the master alloy has long time and low efficiency, and can cause serious oxidation inclusion of the master alloy, and the method is not suitable for preparing the master alloy with high Cu and Ti content (Ti element is difficult to dissolve into the melt, and the Ti content is generally lower than 5%).
In other methods, Cu and Ti elements are introduced into a melt in the form of intermediate alloy such as Zn-Cu, Zn-Ti or Zn-Cu-Ti, but the melting temperature is far higher than the melting point of the Zn alloy, and the intermediate alloy needs to be kept warm for a long time after being added to ensure that the intermediate alloy is completely melted/dissolved, so that the air suction of the melt is serious, excessive oxide inclusions are generated, the quality of the melt is reduced, meanwhile, the low-quality Zn-Cu-Ti alloy prepared by high-temperature casting has a coarse structure, and a (Zn- (0.08-1) Cu- (0.06-0.2) Ti) alloy plate meeting the European standard EN988 is difficult to prepare.
According to the prior art at home and abroad, a Zn- (0.08-1) Cu- (0.06-0.2) Ti alloy is prepared by adopting a Zn-Cu-Ti ternary intermediate alloy as a main stream, but the problems of difficult control of chemical components, high impurity content, large volatilization of zinc and serious loss of copper and titanium exist in the preparation of the existing Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy, so that the preparation of a high-quality (Zn- (0.08-1) Cu- (0.06-0.2) Ti) alloy is limited; therefore, the development of a new preparation method of the Zn-Cu-Ti ternary intermediate alloy with low melting point and easy dissolution is significant.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the problems of difficult control of chemical components, high impurity content, large volatilization of zinc, serious loss of copper and titanium, low preparation efficiency and non-uniform chemical components in the existing preparation of the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy, and provides a novel preparation method of the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy.
As shown in fig. 1, the technical solution for implementing the object of the present invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy adopts step-by-step melting, furnace-by-furnace melting and temperature control and consumption reduction to efficiently prepare the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy with accurate chemical components, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing sponge titanium, zinc and copper;
s2, placing the titanium sponge and a part of Zn weighed in the step S1 into a crucible in a vacuum melting furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 800-750 ℃ and preserving heat for 5-20min, cooling the melt in the crucible to 500-750 ℃ and transferring to a common melting furnace;
and S3, adding the residual pure zinc and pure copper, preserving the heat for 20-60min to completely dissolve the titanium sponge and the pure copper, pouring the melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to obtain the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy.
Part of Zn in the step S2 is 1/5-1/2 of the total mass of pure zinc.
The sponge titanium in the step S2 is in the shape of a block with the size less than 30mm or a plate with the thickness less than 20 mm.
And in the step S2, the vacuum degree in the smelting furnace is less than 1Pa after the vacuum pumping.
The pure copper in the step S3 is in the shape of a block with the size less than 50mm or a plate with the thickness less than 30 mm.
The zinc-copper-titanium master alloy obtained in the step S3 is Zn- (1-20) Cu- (1-15) Ti, preferably Zn- (5-20) Cu- (5-15) Ti, and more preferably Zn- (10-20) Cu- (10-15) Ti.
The mass of the zinc-copper-titanium intermediate alloy obtained in the step S3 is more than 1kg, preferably more than 5kg, and more preferably 10-30 kg.
The invention realizes the high-efficiency preparation of the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy, and compared with the existing preparation method of the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy, the preparation method has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, Ti element is dissolved in the melt by high-temperature short-time smelting in a vacuum induction smelting furnace in a high-vacuum environment, and excessive volatilization of Zn element is avoided; and the melt is cooled and transferred into a conventional smelting furnace, and then pure copper and residual Zn are added, so that the loss of copper and titanium elements can be well avoided, and TiZn is inhibited15Coarseness of intermetallic compoundsAnd meanwhile, volatilization and oxidation of the zinc alloy melt are avoided.
2. The invention avoids inaccurate chemical components of the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy caused by element volatilization and loss due to long-time high-temperature melting, and also avoids the problem that Cu and Ti react to form an insoluble intermetallic compound due to the simultaneous addition of Cu and Ti.
3. The invention well solves the technical problems of high-temperature zinc volatilization, copper and titanium burning loss, low-temperature titanium insolubility and difficult control of Zn-Cu-Ti components, and quickly obtains the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy with high-purity and high-precision chemical components. The method provided by the invention is an important way for preparing the high-quality, high-purity and high-performance titanium-zinc plate, can improve the mechanical property, corrosion resistance and creep property of the titanium-zinc plate, and is also beneficial to greatly reducing the preparation cost and production efficiency of the titanium-zinc plate; the method solves the problems of low efficiency, high temperature, low Cu and Ti content and difficult accurate control of the existing method for preparing the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy. The invention can better and accurately control the Cu and Ti content in the titanium-zinc plate, improves the melting efficiency, saves energy, and has good surface quality and high mechanical property of the titanium-zinc plate.
4. At present, the preparation of the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy with small mass is easier, but the intermediate alloy prepared by other methods with larger mass has poor quality and low efficiency, but the invention is suitable for the intermediate alloy with larger volume, such as the mass is more than 1kg, and the intermediate alloy with large mass and higher Cu and Ti content is added into the zinc liquid, so that the chemical composition of the zinc liquid can rapidly meet (Zn- (0.08-1) Cu- (0.06-0.2) Ti), thereby being used for preparing the high-quality titanium-zinc plate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a technical route of a Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy preparation method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the preparation method of the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing sponge titanium, zinc and copper;
s2, placing the titanium sponge and a part of Zn weighed in the step S1 into a crucible in a vacuum melting furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 800-750 ℃ and preserving heat for 5-20min, cooling the melt in the crucible to 500-750 ℃ and transferring to a common melting furnace;
and S3, adding the residual pure zinc and pure copper, preserving the heat for 20-60min to completely dissolve the titanium sponge and the pure copper, pouring the melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to obtain the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy.
Part of Zn in the step S2 is 1/5-1/2 of the total mass of pure zinc.
The sponge titanium in the step S2 is in the shape of a block with the size less than 30mm or a plate with the thickness less than 20 mm.
And in the step S2, the vacuum degree in the smelting furnace is less than 1Pa after the vacuum pumping.
The pure copper in the step S3 is in the shape of a block with the size less than 50mm or a plate with the thickness less than 30 mm.
The Zn-Cu-Ti master alloy obtained in the step S3 is Zn- (1-20) Cu- (1-15) Ti, preferably Zn- (5-20) Cu- (5-15) Ti, and more preferably Zn- (10-20) Cu- (10-15) Ti.
The mass of the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy obtained in the step S3 is more than 1kg, and the mass of the Zn-Cu-Ti intermediate alloy is preferably more than 10 kg.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to five specific examples:
example 1:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a Zn-5Cu-5Ti master alloy with the mass of 100kg, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing sponge titanium, zinc and copper;
s2, proportioning the components of the Zn-5Cu-5Ti master alloy weighed in the step S1 and weighing each metal raw material, and filling sponge titanium with the size of 3-20mm and the mass of 5kg and pure zinc with the mass of 35kg into a crucible in a vacuum melting furnace; pumping the vacuum degree in the smelting furnace to 0.1Pa, heating to 850 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 8min at the temperature for a short time; and after the heat preservation is finished for 8min, cooling the melt in the crucible to 650 ℃, and transferring the melt into a common well type smelting furnace.
S3, adding the residual pure zinc with the mass of 55kg and the pure copper with the mass of 5kg, and preserving the heat for 30min to completely dissolve the titanium sponge and the pure copper; pouring the melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to obtain the Zn-5Cu-5Ti intermediate alloy, wherein the mass of a single piece of alloy is 1-15 kg.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a Zn-20Cu-15Ti master alloy with the mass of 50kg, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing sponge titanium, zinc and copper;
s2, proportioning the components of the Zn-20Cu-15Ti master alloy weighed in the step S1 and weighing each metal raw material, and filling blocky sponge titanium with the size of 3-20mm and the mass of 7.5kg and pure zinc with the mass of 15kg into a crucible in a vacuum melting furnace; pumping the vacuum degree in the smelting furnace to 0.05Pa, heating to 900 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 20min at the temperature for a short time; and (5) after the temperature is kept for 20min, cooling the melt in the crucible to 700 ℃, and transferring the melt into a common well type smelting furnace.
S3, adding the rest of pure zinc with the mass of 17.5kg and pure copper with the mass of 10kg, and preserving the heat for 60min to completely dissolve the titanium sponge and the pure copper; pouring the melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to obtain the Zn-20Cu-15Ti intermediate alloy, wherein the mass of a single piece of alloy is 5-25 k.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a Zn-10Cu-10Ti intermediate alloy with the mass of 200kg, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing sponge titanium, zinc and copper;
s2, proportioning the components of the Zn-10Cu-10Ti master alloy weighed in the step S1 and weighing each metal raw material, and filling blocky sponge titanium with the size of 3-20mm and the mass of 20kg and pure zinc with the mass of 60kg into a crucible in a vacuum melting furnace; pumping the vacuum degree in the smelting furnace to 0.1Pa, heating to 840 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10min at the temperature for a short time; and after the heat preservation is finished for 10min, cooling the melt in the crucible to 650 ℃, and transferring the melt into a common well type smelting furnace.
S3, adding the residual pure zinc with the mass of 100kg and the pure copper with the mass of 20kg, and preserving the heat for 30min to completely dissolve the titanium sponge and the pure copper; pouring the melt into a mould, cooling and solidifying to obtain the Zn-10Cu-10Ti intermediate alloy, wherein the mass of a single piece of alloy is 10-25 kg.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a Zn-5Cu-10Ti master alloy with the mass of 100kg, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing sponge titanium, zinc and copper;
s2, proportioning the components of the Zn-5Cu-10Ti master alloy weighed in the step S1 and weighing each metal raw material, and filling blocky sponge titanium with the size of 1-25mm and the mass of 10kg and pure zinc with the mass of 40kg into a crucible in a vacuum melting furnace; pumping the vacuum degree in the smelting furnace to 0.1Pa, heating to 850 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 12min at the temperature for a short time; and after the heat preservation is finished for 12min, cooling the melt in the crucible to 680 ℃, and transferring the melt into a common well type smelting furnace.
S3, adding the residual pure zinc with the mass of 45kg and the pure copper with the mass of 5kg, and preserving the heat for 30min to completely dissolve the titanium sponge and the pure copper; pouring the melt into a mould, cooling and solidifying to obtain the Zn-5Cu-10Ti intermediate alloy, wherein the mass of a single piece of alloy is 5-14 kg.
Example 5:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a Zn-1Cu-5Ti intermediate alloy with the mass of 50kg, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing sponge titanium, zinc and copper;
s2, proportioning the components of the Zn-1Cu-5Ti master alloy weighed in the step S1 and weighing each metal raw material, and filling blocky sponge titanium with the size of 1-30mm and the mass of 10kg and pure zinc with the mass of 88kg into a crucible in a vacuum melting furnace; pumping the vacuum degree in the smelting furnace to 0.1Pa, heating to 800 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5min at the temperature for a short time; and after the heat preservation is finished for 5min, cooling the melt in the crucible to 800 ℃, and transferring the melt into a common well type smelting furnace.
S3, adding the residual pure zinc with the mass of 100kg and the pure copper with the mass of 2kg, and keeping the temperature for 20min to completely dissolve the titanium sponge and the pure copper; pouring the melt into a mould, cooling and solidifying to obtain the Zn-1Cu-5Ti intermediate alloy, wherein the mass of a single piece of alloy is 10-30 kg.
The Zn-Cu-Ti alloy master alloys prepared in the above examples 1 to 5 were subjected to chemical composition analysis, and the results of the composition test are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Prepared intermediate alloy | Measured Cu content (wt.%) | Measured content of Ti (wt.%) |
| Zn-5Cu-5Ti | 4.88 | 4.91 |
| Zn-20Cu-15Ti | 19.36 | 14.87 |
| Zn-10Cu-10Ti | 9.76 | 9.63 |
| Zn-5Cu-10Ti | 4.90 | 4.81 |
| Zn-1Cu-5Ti | 0.95 | 4.78 |
As can be seen from table 1, the chemical components of the Zn-Cu-Ti master alloy prepared in examples 1 to 5 are consistent with the design components, so that the Zn-Cu-Ti master alloy preparation method developed by the present invention can achieve rapid acquisition of a Zn-Cu-Ti master alloy with high purity and high precision chemical components, and has a wide application range and good application prospects.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the zinc-copper-titanium intermediate alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, weighing sponge titanium, zinc and copper;
s2, placing the titanium sponge and a part of zinc weighed in the step S1 into a crucible in a vacuum melting furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 800-750 ℃ and preserving heat for 5-20min, cooling the melt in the crucible to 500-750 ℃ and transferring to a common melting furnace;
and S3, adding the residual pure zinc and pure copper, preserving the heat for 20-60min to completely dissolve the titanium sponge and the pure copper, pouring the melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to obtain the zinc-copper-titanium intermediate alloy.
2. The method for preparing the zinc-copper-titanium master alloy according to claim 1, wherein a part of Zn in the step S2 is 1/5-1/2 of total mass of zinc.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the size of the titanium sponge in step S2 is a block shape of < 30mm or a plate shape of < 20mm thickness.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the degree of vacuum in the furnace after the vacuum pumping in step S2 is less than 1 Pa.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pure copper in step S3 has a size of bulk < 50mm or a plate shape with a thickness < 30 mm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the Zn-Cu-Ti master alloy obtained in step S3 is Zn- (1-20) Cu- (1-15) Ti.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the Zn-Cu-Ti master alloy obtained in step S3 is Zn- (5-20) Cu- (5-15) Ti.
8. The method of producing a zinc-copper-titanium master alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
the mass of the zinc-copper-titanium master alloy obtained in the step S2 is more than 1 kg.
9. The method of producing a zinc-copper-titanium master alloy according to claim 8,
the mass of the zinc-copper-titanium master alloy obtained in the step S2 is more than 5 kg.
10. The method of producing a zinc-copper-titanium master alloy according to claim 9,
the mass of the zinc-copper-titanium intermediate alloy obtained in the step S2 is 10-30 kg.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114293039A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-08 | 江苏中矿大正表面工程技术有限公司 | Preparation method of Zn-Cu-Ti-Mg alloy for thermal spraying |
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| US3694199A (en) * | 1970-07-27 | 1972-09-26 | Cominco Ltd | Method of producing zinc alloy |
| JPH1081923A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 1998-03-31 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | Production of titanium-containing zinc alloy |
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| CN114293039A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-08 | 江苏中矿大正表面工程技术有限公司 | Preparation method of Zn-Cu-Ti-Mg alloy for thermal spraying |
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