CN113462368B - Drilling fluid lubricant, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Drilling fluid lubricant, preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113462368B
CN113462368B CN202010245308.8A CN202010245308A CN113462368B CN 113462368 B CN113462368 B CN 113462368B CN 202010245308 A CN202010245308 A CN 202010245308A CN 113462368 B CN113462368 B CN 113462368B
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drilling fluid
fluid lubricant
equal
drilling
less
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CN113462368A (en
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周代生
杨欢
黎然
李成全
陈马林
陈骥
郭建新
刘从箐
李丁
文超
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/035—Organic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
    • C09K2208/28—Friction or drag reducing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
    • C09K2208/34—Lubricant additives

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a drilling fluid lubricant, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the drilling fluid lubricant belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas drilling, and comprises the following steps: cleaning a stainless steel electric heating reaction kettle, and respectively adding 80kg of polypropylene glycol and C under stirring 12 ～C 14 160kg of mixed alcohol and 160kg of n-octanol are added, 600kg of oleic acid is added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly; starting a heating device to heat, adding 3kg of 0.3% caustic soda when the temperature of a reaction system rises to 50 ℃, and continuing to heat; when the temperature is increased to 180 ℃, the mixture is reacted for 6 hours at constant temperature, and vacuum dehydration is carried out, and the drilling fluid lubricant is obtained after cooling. The drilling fluid lubricant prepared by the method provided by the embodiment of the application obviously improves the comprehensive lubricating property of various water-based drilling fluids, reduces the friction resistance and the torque of a drilling tool, improves the drilling speed and reduces downhole accidents.

Description

Drilling fluid lubricant, preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas drilling, in particular to a drilling fluid lubricant, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In the petroleum drilling operation, various frictions are generated between a drill bit and a drilling tool and a well wall under different working condition operations, so that equipment abrasion and friction resistance are increased, and the underground risk is further increased. In order to reduce the underground risk, the energy loss and the equipment damage caused by the friction of mechanical parts in operation, various lubricating media, namely drilling fluid lubricants, for reducing the friction resistance and slowing down the abrasion are actively developed in all countries of the world so as to achieve the aim of lubricating and reducing the drag.
At present, drilling fluid lubricants mainly use toxic mineral oil materials (such as diesel oil, asphalt and the like) as basic raw materials, and then some plugging agents, coarse-particle plugging agents and the like are added in an auxiliary manner.
The inventors found that the related art has at least the following technical problems:
along with the increasingly strict environmental requirements, the dosage of the drilling fluid lubricant is continuously increased, the lubricating effect of the drilling fluid lubricant is low, and the lubricating effect of the drilling fluid lubricant needs to be improved by increasing the dosage of the drilling fluid lubricant, so that the cost of the drilling fluid lubricant is increased, the pollution to the environment is also increased, and the treatment cost of the waste drilling fluid lubricant at the later stage is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a drilling fluid lubricant, a preparation method and application thereof, which can solve the technical problems that the cost of the drilling fluid lubricant is increased, the environmental pollution is increased, and the later-stage treatment cost of the waste drilling fluid lubricant is increased. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
in one aspect, a method of making a drilling fluid lubricant is provided.
In yet another aspect, there is provided a use of a drilling fluid lubricant, the use of the drilling fluid lubricant comprising: the drilling fluid lubricant prepared by the preparation method of the drilling fluid lubricant is injected into a well together with the drilling fluid, so as to develop petroleum and natural gas.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the drilling fluid lubricant prepared by the preparation method of the drilling fluid lubricant provided by the embodiment of the application is prepared by polypropylene glycol and C 12 ～C 14 The polar groups in the mixed alcohol and the n-octanol can generate physical adsorption and chemical adsorption on the surface of the pipeline,a layer of firm adsorption film (boundary oil film) is formed, so that the friction surface of the pipeline is protected, and the friction resistance of the metal surface of the pipeline is reduced; when the drilling fluid lubricant is added into the drilling fluid, polar groups can be firmly adsorbed on the surfaces of clay particles to form a layer of multi-molecular adsorption film, and a compact oil film can be formed on the surfaces of the clay and metal, so that the friction force is reduced, the abrasion is reduced, and the lubricating effect of the whole drilling fluid lubricant is improved. The drilling fluid lubricant provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the addition amount of the drilling fluid lubricant in standard base slurry is 0.5%, the reduction rate of the extreme pressure lubrication coefficient is more than 80%, the comprehensive lubricating performance of various water-based drilling fluids is obviously improved, the friction resistance and the torque of a drilling tool are reduced, the drilling speed is improved, and downhole accidents are reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for preparing a drilling fluid lubricant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used in the embodiments of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With the accelerated increase of the demand for oil and gas resources, oil and gas exploration and development are further extended to areas and strata with harsh technical requirements, so that the number of deep wells, ultra-deep wells, multilateral wells, extended reach wells, horizontal wells and the like is increased rapidly, and well position layout begins to be carried out to areas with dense population and high environmental requirements. The environment-friendly development of oil and gas resources is required, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the drilling fluid lubricant is forced to be matched with the drilling fluid, so that the drilling construction requirement can be efficiently completed, and the requirements of low toxicity and environmental protection are also required.
At present, drilling fluid lubricants mainly use toxic mineral oil materials (such as diesel oil, asphalt and the like) as basic raw materials, which are necessarily limited by increasingly strict environmental protection requirements. Along with the continuous expansion of the development scale of deep wells, ultra-deep wells and horizontal wells, the dosage of drilling fluid lubricants is continuously increased due to the increase of high-density and high-solid content drilling fluid systems, and the lubricating effect of the drilling fluid cannot be effectively improved due to the commonly used mineral oil-based and modified asphalt lubricants, so that the lubricating effect of the drilling fluid is usually improved by increasing the dosage of the drilling fluid lubricants on site, the cost of the drilling fluid is increased, the pollution to the environment is increased, and the treatment cost of the waste drilling fluid in the later period is increased. The drilling fluid lubricant provided by the embodiment of the application aims at solving the technical problem.
The drilling fluid lubricant prepared by the preparation method of the drilling fluid lubricant provided by the embodiment of the application is prepared by polypropylene glycol and C 12 ～C 14 The polar groups in the mixed alcohol and the n-octanol can generate physical adsorption and chemical adsorption on the surface of the pipeline to form a firm adsorption film (boundary oil film), so that the friction surface of the pipeline is protected, and the friction resistance of the metal surface of the pipeline is reduced; when the drilling fluid lubricant is added into the drilling fluid, polar groups can be firmly adsorbed on the surfaces of clay particles to form a layer of multi-molecular adsorption film, and a compact oil film can be formed on the surfaces of the clay and metal, so that the friction force is reduced, the abrasion is reduced, and the lubricating effect of the whole drilling fluid lubricant is improved. The drilling fluid lubricant provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the addition amount of the drilling fluid lubricant in standard base slurry is 0.5%, the reduction rate of the extreme pressure lubrication coefficient is more than 80%, the comprehensive lubricating performance of various water-based drilling fluids is obviously improved, the friction resistance and the torque of a drilling tool are reduced, the drilling speed is improved, and downhole accidents are reduced.
The method provided by the embodiments of the present application will be further described below by way of alternative embodiments.
Optionally, the molecular weight of the polypropylene glycol provided in the embodiments of the present application is 900 to 1100.
The polypropylene glycol has a molecule of (C) 3 H 6 O) n The molecular weight is generally between 400 and 2050. The hydroxyl groups at the two ends of the polypropylene glycol molecule can be esterified to generate monoester or diester. Can react with fatty acid to generate ester. When the molecular weight of the polypropylene glycol is too large, the carbon chain of the polypropylene glycol can be increased, and ester with larger molecular weight can be generated when the polypropylene glycol reacts with fatty acid, so that the prepared drilling fluid lubricant has too large concentration, too viscous and poor fluidity, and the lubricating effect of the drilling fluid lubricant is further reduced. The molecular weight of the polypropylene glycol should not be too low, which would result in incomplete reaction with oleic acid. Therefore, the molecular weight of the polypropylene glycol is controlled to be 900-1100, so that the esterification reaction of the polypropylene glycol and the fatty acid is ensured, and the prepared drilling fluid lubricant has a good lubricating effect. On the other hand, because polypropylene glycol is nontoxic, the drilling fluid lubricant generated by the reaction of polypropylene glycol and fatty acid has no toxicity and can not damage the environment.
Optionally, the number of carbon atoms of the mixed alcohol provided in the examples of the present application is C 12 ～C 14 The mixed alcohol of (1).
It should be noted that, the mixed alcohol and the fatty acid undergo an esterification reaction, and if the number of carbon atoms of the mixed alcohol is too large, the molecular weight of the ester generated by the reaction of the mixed alcohol and the fatty acid is too large, so that the consistency of the drilling fluid lubricant is too large, the fluidity of the drilling fluid lubricant is reduced, and the lubricating effect of the drilling fluid lubricant is further reduced. Therefore, the carbon atom number of the mixed alcohol is limited to 12-14, the carbon chain length during the esterification reaction is ensured, and the molecular structure of the drilling fluid lubricant is kept in a certain range, namely the molecular structure of the drilling fluid lubricant is not too large, the lubricating effect of the drilling fluid lubricant is not influenced, and the adhesion between the drilling fluid lubricant and the surface of the metal pipeline is reduced because the molecular structure of the drilling fluid lubricant is too small.
And through selecting and using n-octanol, the carbon atom number based on n-octanol is 8, and the carbon atom number of n-octanol is less than the carbon atom number in the mixed alcohol, and after the mixed alcohol is mixed with n-octanol and polypropylene glycol, n-octanol can fill up the gap between the mixed alcohol, improves the structural strength of the drilling fluid lubricant, enables the drilling fluid lubricant to be adsorbed on the surface of a metal pipeline and the surface of clay with stronger adsorption force, and further improves the lubricating effect of the drilling fluid lubricant.
Optionally, C provided in this application embodiment 12 ～C 14 The technical requirements of the mixed alcohol meet that the acid value is less than or equal to 0.1mgKOH/g, the saponification value is less than or equal to 0.4mgKOH/g, the hydroxyl value is 298-302mgKOH/g, and the water content is less than or equal to 0.1 percent.
Optionally, the technical requirements of the n-octanol provided by the embodiment of the application meet the requirements of an acid value of less than or equal to 0.1mgKOH/g, a saponification value of less than or equal to 0.5mgKOH/g, a hydroxyl value of 425-432mgKOH/g and water content of less than or equal to 0.2%.
Optionally, the acid value of the polypropylene glycol provided in the embodiment of the present application is less than or equal to 0.5mgKOH/g, the hydroxyl value is 102 to 125mgKOH/g, and the water content is less than or equal to 0.5%.
Alternatively, the monounsaturated fatty acid provided in the examples herein is oleic acid.
It should be noted that fatty acid groups can be classified into three groups according to the saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, namely: saturated fatty acids, without unsaturated bonds on the carbon to hydrogen; monounsaturated fatty acids having one unsaturated bond in the hydrocarbon chain; polyunsaturated fatty acids having two or more unsaturated bonds in the carbon-hydrogen chain. It should be noted that the oleic acid provided by the embodiments of the present application needs to meet QB/T2153-2010 universal technical requirements for industrial oleic acid.
As an example, when polyunsaturated fatty acids are used, it is easier to react with multiple alcohols due to two or more unsaturated bonds in the hydrocarbon chain of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, providing multiple reaction sites, which in turn makes the reaction rate difficult to control, and the structure of the ester obtained by the reaction is too large, which results in the preparation of drilling fluid lubricants with too high a consistency, poor flow formation and thus poor lubrication.
In the embodiment of the application, the fatty acid is selected as the monounsaturated fatty acid, so that the position of the esterification reaction of the fatty acid and the polypropylene glycol, the mixed alcohol and the n-octanol and the size of the ester structure obtained by the esterification reaction can be controlled.
The method provided by the embodiment of the application is realized by using polypropylene glycol and C 12 ～C 14 The mixed alcohol, the n-octanol and the fatty acid are subjected to esterification reaction at 180-190 ℃, so that the prepared drilling fluid lubricant has the characteristics of high flash point, good low-temperature fluidity, good high-temperature stability and the like. The drilling fluid lubricant prepared by the method provided by the embodiment of the application is a tan liquid, has low fluorescence level, good biodegradability and no pollution to the environment, and meets the current requirement on environmental protection.
The polymer of drilling fluid alcohol and fatty acid provided by the embodiment of the application is environment-friendly and has biodegradability, substances such as mineral oil can be prevented from being introduced into a drilling fluid system, the cost for treating drilling fluid wastes can be reduced to a great extent, and adverse effects brought to the environment by waste drilling fluid can be relieved.
The drilling fluid lubricant provided by the embodiment of the application is prepared by polypropylene glycol and C 12 ～C 14 The polar groups in the mixed alcohol and the n-octanol can generate physical adsorption and chemical adsorption on the surface of the pipeline to form a firm adsorption film (boundary oil film), so that the friction surface of the pipeline is protected, and the friction resistance of the metal surface of the pipeline is reduced; when the drilling fluid lubricant is added into the drilling fluid, polar groups can be firmly adsorbed on the surfaces of clay particles to form a layer of multi-molecular adsorption film, and a compact oil film can be formed on the surfaces of the clay and metal, so that the friction force is reduced, the abrasion is reduced, and the lubricating effect of the whole drilling fluid lubricant is improved. The drilling fluid lubricant provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the addition amount of the drilling fluid lubricant in standard base slurry is 0.5%, the reduction rate of the extreme pressure lubrication coefficient is more than 80%, the comprehensive lubricating performance of various water-based drilling fluids is obviously improved, the friction resistance and the torque of a drilling tool are reduced, the drilling speed is improved, and downhole accidents are reduced.
In yet another aspect, the present application provides a use of a drilling fluid lubricant, the use of the drilling fluid lubricant comprising: the drilling fluid lubricant prepared by any one of the preparation methods of the drilling fluid lubricant is injected into a well together with the drilling fluid, so as to develop petroleum and natural gas.
The drilling fluid lubricant preparation method and drilling fluid lubricant provided herein will be further described by way of optional examples.
The product code of the polypropylene glycol can be PPG-100, and the polypropylene glycol and C are treated in the examples of the application 12 ～C 14 The manufacturer or product code of the mixed alcohol and the n-octanol is not limited.
Example 1
Cleaning a stainless steel electric heating reaction kettle, and respectively adding 80kg of polypropylene glycol and C under stirring 12 ～C 14 Mixing 160kg of alcohol and 160kg of n-octanol, adding 600kg of oleic acid, and uniformly stirring;
starting a heating device to heat, adding 3kg of 0.3% caustic soda when the temperature of the reaction materials is raised to 50 ℃, and continuing to heat;
and when the temperature is increased to 180 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature reaction for 6 hours, carrying out vacuum dehydration, and cooling to obtain the drilling fluid lubricant.
Application examples
The drilling fluid lubricant obtained in the example 1 is detected according to the standard of Q/SY 17088-2016 technical Specification for fluid lubricants for drilling fluids, the reduction rate of the extreme pressure lubrication coefficient is 84.5 percent, and the reduction rate of the mud cake adhesion coefficient is 58.5 percent, so that the standard index requirements are met.
The lubricant obtained in the above example 1 was measured to have a light-inhibiting property (T%) of <30% against photobacterium by reference to GB/T15441-1995 "method for measuring acute toxicity of water, and the grade of toxicity was low and the grade of toxicity was grade I by reference to the standard for classifying acute toxicity grades of water; the color is dark brown, the fluorescence level is low, the biodegradability is good, and the environment is not polluted.
The lubricant obtained in the embodiment 1 is subjected to indoor temperature resistance and salt resistance evaluation, and has high-efficiency lubricating effect and good compatibility in different drilling fluid systems and well slurries.
The lubricant obtained in the embodiment 1 is tried in field well slurry, has a good lubricating effect, is good in compatibility with a treating agent, has no negative influence on rheological property of drilling fluid, has a reduction effect on fluid loss of the drilling fluid, is small in friction resistance and torque in drilling, is normal in the underground, and is recognized in the field.
The above description is only an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for preparing a drilling fluid lubricant, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cleaning a stainless steel electric heating reaction kettle, and respectively adding 80kg of polypropylene glycol and C under stirring 12 ~C 14 160kg of mixed alcohol and 160kg of n-octanol are added, 600kg of oleic acid is added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly;
starting a heating device to heat, adding 3kg of caustic soda when the temperature of a reaction system rises to 50 ℃, and continuing to heat;
when the temperature is increased to 180 ℃, the mixture is subjected to constant temperature reaction for 6 hours, vacuum dehydration is carried out, and the drilling fluid lubricant is obtained after cooling;
the technical requirements of the polypropylene glycol meet the requirements that the acid value is less than or equal to 0.5mgKOH/g, the hydroxyl value is 102 to 125mgKOH/g, the water content is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the molecular weight is 900 to 1100;
the technical requirements of the n-octanol meet the requirements of an acid value less than or equal to 0.1mgKOH/g, a saponification value less than or equal to 0.5mgKOH/g, a hydroxyl value of 425-432mgKOH/g and water content less than or equal to 0.2 percent;
said C is 12 ~C 14 The technical requirements of the mixed alcohol meet that the acid value is less than or equal to 0.1mgKOH/g, the saponification value is less than or equal to 0.4mgKOH/g, the hydroxyl value is 298-302mgKOH/g, and the water content is less than or equal to 0.1 percent.
2. Use of a drilling fluid lubricant, wherein the use of the drilling fluid lubricant comprises: the drilling fluid lubricant prepared by the preparation method of the drilling fluid lubricant as claimed in claim 1 is injected into a well together with a drilling fluid to develop petroleum and natural gas.
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