CN113461304A - Red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge and use method thereof - Google Patents
Red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge and a using method thereof, which can meet the requirement of sludge transportation (the water content is less than 50%) through chemical conditioning and mechanical filter pressing dehydration under the condition of not depending on lime stabilization and heating drying. The preparation method of the mixed acid conditioner comprises the steps of washing and drying the red mud, ball-milling and crushing the red mud, and sieving the red mud. Then adding strong acid, heating in water bath, adding oxidant, adjusting pH value and curing for later use. The mixed acid conditioner is matched with the fly ash for pretreatment and conditioning, and then the final water content of the dewatered sludge can be ensured to be lower than 50% by a belt filter press, so that the requirement of outward transportation is met. The preparation and application process of the conditioner has the characteristics of simplicity, high efficiency, economy and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment of municipal sewage plants, in particular to a red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge and a use method thereof.
Background
Along with the advance of the urbanization process in China, the urban sewage treatment rate is continuously improved, and the sludge amount generated by sewage treatment plants is naturally and continuously increased. The method is characterized in that a sewage plant generally reduces the water content of residual sludge generated in the plant area to about 70-85% by adopting a concentration, digestion and mechanical dehydration mode, and then the residual sludge is transported out for centralized disposal or reuse. However, with the further understanding of the sludge hazard, the country has come to pay more attention to sludge treatment and has successively updated the sludge treatment policy of the urban sewage treatment plant. From the discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plants (GB18918-2002) in 2002, the sludge treatment mixed landfill sludge for municipal wastewater treatment plants (CJ/T249) in 2009, and the notification on the reinforcement of sludge pollution control work for municipal wastewater treatment plants (Tou 2010157) in 2010, the water content of the factory sludge is required to be reduced from 80% to 60% and 50% respectively. Therefore, for sewage plants which are put into operation, how to deeply dehydrate the sludge (about 80%) after mechanical dehydration meets the requirement of outward transportation (less than 50%) is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
The sludge is directly heated and dried or air dried by hot air, which is a simpler treatment process, but the sludge is not applied in large scale because of high energy consumption. Besides, the deep dehydration of the sludge is mainly completed by conditioning the sludge property and matching with mechanical filter pressing. Sludge conditioning can be regarded as pretreatment of mechanical dehydration, and the dehydration efficiency is improved. At present, the method is mainly realized by the following three aspects:
firstly, the degradation of sludge extracellular polymeric substances. A large amount of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) exist in the sludge, a large amount of water molecules are combined, and the water molecules are effectively cracked to release combined water into free water, so that the water content of the sludge can be reduced. Oxidizing agents, surfactants, and the like are all such functions.
Second, the formation of floes. Sludge particles are fine, multi-site colloid is charged, and the coagulation of the sludge particles is realized through the actions of compressing a double electric layer, charge adsorption neutralization, adsorption bridging, net catching, rolling and sweeping. Mainly comprises ferric salt (ferric trichloride and polyferric), aluminum salt (polyaluminium chloride and aluminum sulfate), organic polymeric flocculant (polyacrylamide and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) and the like.
Third, the formation of skeletal particles. The addition of the framework material helps to maintain the strength of the floc and the mud cake, increase the filtration speed, improve the mud yield of the dewatering equipment and avoid mud leakage. The fly ash-lime fly ash-fly ash diatomite is mainly prepared from lime, fly ash, ardealite, rice husk, plant fiber and the like.
At present, the sludge conditioner used in the sludge dewatering project is not only used in combination with one or more of the medicaments, or one conditioner has multiple conditioning effects.
Lime stabilization is one of the most common conditioning methods. Lime is added for two purposes, on the one hand to reduce the water content by increasing the amount of dry basis in the sludge, and on the other hand to utilize the heat release of lime to promote the evaporation of water and the release of water in the EPS. As early as 1980, japanese patent JP3083880A discloses a method of dewatering and sterilizing river silt with lime. At present, the application is the most at home and abroad, and the advanced treatment of the dewatered sludge is also carried out by using a lime stabilization method in most international and domestic patents. The problems associated with the lime stabilization process mainly include the following two aspects: firstly, the subsequent use of the sludge can be limited by adding lime, for example, the problem of lime burst of finished bricks in a subsequent brick burning factory can be caused by high lime content, and the influence on the strength of the brick masonry is larger. Secondly, excessive lime feeding can lead to the mud volume increase, and the original intention of "minimizing" is gone against, and then increases the cost of sewage factory outward transportation and handling. Therefore, there is a need to find alternatives to lime stabilization.
Except for a lime stabilizing process, most of the existing sludge conditioning technologies mostly adopt a mode of compounding medicaments, and materials with functions of breaking EPS, coagulating and nucleating and forming a framework are compounded for use. The patent publication CN201810706610.1 uses calcium oxide, silicon oxide, coagulant, anionic polyacrylamide and citric acid additive; patent publication No. cn201810463985.x uses rectorite, coal gangue, kaolin, biological bacteria, coconut shell fiber, cellulose acetate, chitosan, protease, lactobacillus plantarum, borax, blue algae powder, ferric sulfate, calcium carbonate, aluminum sulfate, citric acid; granted patent CN105859106B, heptadecyl dihydroxyethyl imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polysilicate aluminum iron are used; granted patent CN105800909B is a method of using anionic polyacrylamide, polyaluminium chloride, surfactant, calcium hypochlorite, calcium oxide and sulfate;
the above patents and technologies are mostly proposed as conditioning methods for excess sludge having a water content of 98%. The sludge is completely in a liquid state, so that the liquid or solid medicament can be conveniently added and uniformly mixed. However, the dewatered sludge with a water content of about 80% is in a semisolid state and is sticky, which brings great difficulty to the conditioning of the sludge: the solid is not easy to be mixed evenly when being added; the excessive addition of the liquid medicament is contrary to the original purpose of sludge dehydration, and even reversely increases the water content of the sludge; the direct addition of polyacrylamide and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride can not reduce the water content, but also form a sludge agglomeration structure to wrap a large amount of water, so that the sludge dewatering is more difficult.
At present, only granted patents CN101224912B and CN102303944B specifically discuss the deep dewatering problem of dewatered sludge with water content of about 80%. In both patents, the deep dehydration problem is solved by adopting the modes of adding a solid desiccant (lime), back mixing dried sludge and drying. Although meeting the need for deep dewatering to some extent, it still faces the problems of high energy consumption and excessive use of lime.
In conclusion, it is difficult to perform an effective deep dewatering treatment of sludge subjected to mechanical dewatering without depending on heat drying or hot air drying. Conventional lime conditioning methods are increasingly limited in use by affecting downstream sludge use and increasing sludge solids. The complex conditioner has more difficulty in dosing and mixing modes and higher cost. Therefore, an effective conditioning method is needed to economically, effectively and conveniently condition the mechanically dewatered sludge, achieve standard transportation (the water content is less than 50%) under the common mechanical dewatering effect, and avoid high-energy-consumption treatment modes such as direct heating dewatering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge and a using method thereof, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a preparation method of a red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge specifically comprises the following steps:
1) drying the red mud, performing mechanical ball milling, crushing and sieving for later use;
2) adding strong acid into the crushed red mud, heating in a water bath, and adding an additive for modification for later use to obtain a special mixed acid sludge conditioner;
further, the red mud is a red mud warehouse red mud sample prepared by a dry-heap method, and the front-end process adopts a Bayer method to produce alumina;
further, in the step 1), during the mechanical ball milling process, the rotating speed is controlled to be 400-450 rpm, the ball milling beads account for 40-50% of the volume of the ball milling tank, and the ball milling beads consist of small ball milling beads, medium ball milling beads and large ball milling beads;
furthermore, the volume proportion of the small-size ball grinding beads is 10-30%, the proportion of the medium-size ball grinding beads is 50-60%, and the proportion of the large-size ball grinding beads is 5-10%;
furthermore, the diameter of the small-size ball grinding beads is 6mm, the diameter of the medium-size ball grinding beads is 10mm, and the diameter of the large-size ball grinding beads is 20 mm;
further, the strong acid in the step 2) adopts a mixed acid of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and the volume ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the sulfuric acid is 0.5-2.
Further, in the step 2), the water bath heating temperature is controlled to be 60-100 ℃;
further, the concentrations of the hydrochloric acid and the sulfuric acid are respectively 1-5 mol/L;
further, in the step 2), the liquid-solid ratio of the strong acid to the red mud is 5-15L/g;
further, in the step 2), the water bath heating time is 5-10 hours;
further, in the step 2), the additive is one or more selected from cationic polyacrylamide, nonionic polyacrylamide and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and the adding amount of the additive is 0.5-1% of the mixed acid conditioner;
furthermore, the sediment in the step 2) does not need to be filtered and separated, and the sediment is directly added after being uniformly stirred in a mechanical stirring mode before use;
the invention also provides application of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) adding a mixed acid conditioner into the dewatered sludge with the water content of about 80%, and stirring for 10 minutes to form mixed sludge;
2) adding a proper amount of fly ash coarse aggregate according to the apparent properties of the mixed sludge formed in the step 1), and moderately stirring to form mixed sludge;
3) pumping the mixed sludge formed in the step 2) into a belt filter press for mechanical dehydration to obtain mixed sludge with the water content of 50%;
further, the apparent shape in the step 2) is viscosity and surface sludge water content;
the invention has the beneficial effects that: first, alternatives to lime have been sought. The EPS function of lime stabilization method can be replaced by acidification conditioning, and secondly, the use of the red mud mixed acid conditioner is completely suitable for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge, the addition of the conditioner is very simple and convenient, the mixing effect is very obvious, the technical problems of difficult addition and difficult mixing of the traditional compound agent are effectively avoided, and the use of the red mud-based mixed acid conditioner not only solves the problem of deep dehydration of the dehydrated sludge, but also can realize the aim of further dehydration with lower cost and energy consumption level. The more important significance is that the red mud discharging problem of an alumina plant is solved at the same time.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
A preparation method of a red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge specifically comprises the following steps:
1) drying the red mud, performing mechanical ball milling, crushing and sieving for later use;
2) adding strong acid into the crushed red mud, heating in a water bath, and adding an additive for modification for later use to obtain a special mixed acid sludge conditioner;
in specific implementation, the red mud is a red mud warehouse red mud sample prepared by a dry-heap method, and the front-end process adopts a Bayer method to produce alumina;
more specifically, in the step 1), during the mechanical ball milling process, the rotating speed is controlled to be 400-450 rpm, the ball milling beads account for 40-50% of the volume of the ball milling tank, and the ball milling beads consist of small ball milling beads, medium ball milling beads and large ball milling beads; the volume ratio of the small-size ball grinding beads is 10-30%, the volume ratio of the medium-size ball grinding beads is 50-60%, and the volume ratio of the large-size ball grinding beads is 5-10%; the diameter of the small-size ball grinding bead is 6mm, the diameter of the medium-size ball grinding bead is 10mm, and the diameter of the large-size ball grinding bead is 20 mm;
more specifically, the strong acid in the step 2) adopts a mixed acid of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and the volume ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the sulfuric acid is 0.5-2; the concentrations of the hydrochloric acid and the sulfuric acid are respectively 1-5 mol/L; the liquid-solid ratio of the strong acid to the red mud is 5-15L/g;
in the step 2), the water bath heating temperature is controlled to be 60-100 ℃; the water bath heating time is 5 to 10 hours;
further, in the step 2), the additive is one or more selected from cationic polyacrylamide, nonionic polyacrylamide and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and the adding amount of the additive is 0.5-1% of the mixed acid conditioner; the sediment in the step 2) does not need to be filtered and separated, and the sediment is directly added after being uniformly stirred in a mechanical stirring mode before use;
the preparation method is described by combining the following specific examples:
example 1:
preparing a dehydrated sludge deep dehydration conditioner by taking dry red mud stacked in a red mud dry yard of a Bayer process aluminum production power plant of Guangxi letter aluminum generation group as a raw material:
washing the dry pile of red mud, drying at 100 ℃, ball-milling, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve. 10g of red mud is put into a sulfuric acid/hydrochloric acid mixed acid (50 ml of each of 3M hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid), and heated in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 3 hours. Then 0.5% of poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred and reacted for 0.5 hour for later use. The acid red mud-based chemical conditioner is obtained, and is of industrial grade.
Example 2:
preparing a dehydrated sludge deep dehydration conditioner by taking dry red mud stacked in a red mud dry yard of a Bayer process aluminum refinery of China aluminum industry group as a raw material:
washing the dry pile of red mud, drying at 100 ℃, ball-milling, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve. 10g of red mud is placed in a sulfuric acid/hydrochloric acid mixture (50 ml each of 1.5M hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) and heated in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 5 hours. Then 0.5% of poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred and reacted for 0.5 hour for later use. The acid red mud-based chemical conditioner is obtained, and is of industrial grade.
Example 3:
preparing a dehydrated sludge deep dehydration conditioner by taking dry red mud stacked in a red mud dry yard of Shanxi intersection aluminum production plants as a raw material:
washing the dry pile of red mud, drying at 100 ℃, ball-milling, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve. 10g of red mud is put into a sulfuric acid/hydrochloric acid mixed acid (50 ml of each of 3M hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid), and heated in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 3 hours. Then adding 1% of poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and stirring and reacting for 0.5 hour for later use. The acid red mud-based chemical conditioner is obtained, and is of industrial grade.
The invention also provides application of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) adding a mixed acid conditioner into the dewatered sludge with the water content of about 80%, and stirring for 10 minutes to form mixed sludge;
2) adding a proper amount of fly ash coarse aggregate according to the apparent properties of the mixed sludge formed in the step 1), and moderately stirring to form mixed sludge;
3) pumping the mixed sludge formed in the step 2) into a belt filter press for mechanical dehydration to obtain mixed sludge with the water content of 50%;
in specific implementation, the apparent shape in the step 2) is viscosity and surface sludge water content;
the following further description will be made with reference to specific examples:
example 4:
this example is an example of deep dewatering of dewatered sludge, which was obtained from a municipal sewage plant, and which had a water content of 78% after centrifugal dewatering of the excess sludge. The red mud is taken from a dry-pile red mud warehouse of Guangxi Xin aluminum generation and power limited company, the red mud mixed acid conditioner is taken from a conditioner sample with the highest total leaching rate of iron and aluminum in example 1, and the fly ash is commercial industrial-grade fly ash.
The dewatering data are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that the addition amounts of the mixed acid and the fly ash respectively reach, and the water content can be reduced to 44% after the filter pressing by the belt filter press.
Example 5:
this example is an example of deep dewatering of dewatered sludge, which was obtained from a municipal sewage plant, and which had a water content of 78% after centrifugal dewatering of the excess sludge. The red mud is taken from a red mud warehouse of the aluminum industry group in China, the red mud mixed acid conditioner is taken from a conditioner sample with the highest total leaching rate of iron and aluminum in example 1, and the fly ash is commercial industrial grade fly ash.
The dewatering data are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that the addition amounts of the mixed acid and the fly ash respectively reach, and the water content can be reduced to 52% after the filter pressing by the belt filter press.
Example 6:
this example is an example of deep dewatering of dewatered sludge, which was obtained from a municipal sewage plant, and which had a water content of 78% after centrifugal dewatering of the excess sludge. The red mud is obtained from red mud of Shanxi Xinfa aluminum plant, the red mud mixed acid conditioner is obtained from a conditioner sample with the highest total leaching rate of iron and aluminum in example 1, and the fly ash is commercial industrial-grade fly ash.
As shown in table 1, it can be seen that the water content of the mixture of acid and fly ash reaches 47% after the mixture is subjected to filter pressing by the belt filter press.
TABLE 1 Conditioning Effect of different Red mud Mixed acid conditioners
The red mud is fine-particle strong-alkaline solid waste discharged in the alumina smelting process, and after aluminum salt is dissolved out of bauxite by using NaoH in an aluminum refining plant, the residual residues are discharged in the form of the red mud. Red mud is called red mud because it contains iron oxide components and turns red. China is the 4 th alumina producing country in the world, and the red mud discharged every year reaches millions of tons and is stacked nearby enterprises, so that the red mud can alkalize land and pollute underground water after being stacked for a long time, and environmental pollution is caused. The red mud is recycled, so that the environmental protection pressure of upstream enterprises is reduced, and the economic pressure of downstream enterprises is also reduced, thereby achieving two purposes. Although a proposal for preparing a flocculant from red mud has been proposed for a long time, the proposal has not been successful in consideration of the problems of the product phase, the red mud residue and the like. However, the preparation of the mixed acid conditioner by using the red mud and even the preparation of the conditioner by using the waste acid can effectively solve the two problems, and compared with the preparation of the flocculant by using the red mud, the preparation process is simpler and more efficient, and the marketized stable operation can be completely realized.
The use of the red mud mixed acid conditioner is completely suitable for deep dehydration of the dehydrated sludge. The dehydrated sludge has a water content of usually about 80% and is in a semisolid state. The adding of dry powder medicaments causes uneven mixing; the water content of the sludge can be obvious when the solution medicament is added, so that the final dehydration efficiency is greatly reduced; adding polymeric flocculants such as polyacrylamide and the like can even form a sludge agglomeration structure, wrap a large amount of water and deteriorate the dehydration performance of the sludge. The red mud mixed acid belongs to turbid liquid or suspension, on one hand, skeleton materials such as calcium sulfate and the like are uniformly dispersed in a liquid phase, on the other hand, excessive injection of water is limited by utilizing concentrated acid, and most importantly, a plurality of beneficial components such as acid, iron and aluminum ions, gypsum fine powder and the like can be added at one time. Therefore, the conditioner is very convenient to add and has very obvious mixing effect, and the technical problems of difficult addition and difficult mixing of the traditional compound medicament are effectively solved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (14)
1. A preparation method of a red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) drying the red mud, performing mechanical ball milling, crushing and sieving for later use;
2) adding strong acid into the crushed red mud, heating in a water bath, and adding an additive for modification for later use to obtain the special mixed acid sludge conditioner.
2. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the red mud is a red mud warehouse red mud sample prepared by a dry-heap method, and the front-end process adopts a Bayer method to produce alumina.
3. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1), during the mechanical ball milling process, the rotating speed is controlled to be 400-450 rpm, the ball milling beads account for 40-50% of the volume of the ball milling tank, and the ball milling beads consist of small ball milling beads, medium ball milling beads and large ball milling beads.
4. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the volume ratio of the small-size ball grinding beads is 10-30%, the volume ratio of the medium-size ball grinding beads is 50-60%, and the volume ratio of the large-size ball grinding beads is 5-10%.
5. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the diameter of the small ball grinding beads is 6mm, the diameter of the medium ball grinding beads is 10mm, and the diameter of the large ball grinding beads is 20 mm.
6. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the strong acid in the step 2) adopts a mixed acid of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and the volume ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the sulfuric acid is 0.5-2.
7. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 2), the heating temperature of the water bath is controlled to be 60-100 ℃.
8. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 7, characterized by comprising the following steps: the concentrations of the hydrochloric acid and the sulfuric acid are respectively 1-5 mol/L.
9. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 8, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 2), the liquid-solid ratio of the strong acid to the red mud is 5-15L/g.
10. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 9, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 2), the water bath heating time is 5-10 hours.
11. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 10, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 2), the additive is one or more of cationic polyacrylamide, nonionic polyacrylamide and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and the adding amount of the additive is 0.5-1% of that of the mixed acid conditioner.
12. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 11, characterized by comprising the following steps: the sediment does not need to be filtered and separated in the step 2), and the sediment is directly added after being uniformly stirred in a mechanical stirring mode before use.
13. The application of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge specifically comprises the following steps:
1) adding a mixed acid conditioner into the dewatered sludge with the water content of about 80%, and stirring for 10 minutes to form mixed sludge;
2) adding a proper amount of fly ash coarse aggregate according to the apparent properties of the mixed sludge formed in the step 1), and moderately stirring to form mixed sludge;
3) pumping the mixed sludge formed in the step 2) into a belt filter press for mechanical dehydration to obtain the mixed sludge with the water content of 50%.
14. The preparation method of the red mud-based mixed acid chemical conditioner special for deep dehydration of dehydrated sludge according to claim 13, characterized by comprising the following steps: the apparent shape in the step 2) is viscosity and surface sludge water content.
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| CN114873900B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-10-03 | 湖南平安环保股份有限公司 | Advanced dewatering treatment process for comprehensively utilizing red mud in municipal sludge conditioning |
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