CN113461095B - Method for removing nano and micro plastics in water body by utilizing light energy drive - Google Patents
Method for removing nano and micro plastics in water body by utilizing light energy drive Download PDFInfo
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- CN113461095B CN113461095B CN202110765580.3A CN202110765580A CN113461095B CN 113461095 B CN113461095 B CN 113461095B CN 202110765580 A CN202110765580 A CN 202110765580A CN 113461095 B CN113461095 B CN 113461095B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing nano and micron plastics in a water body by utilizing light energy drive, wherein a light source is arranged above the water body containing nano and/or micron micro plastics, a light-transmitting focusing body capable of focusing light of the light source is arranged between the water body and the light source, a focusing point, which is formed by converging light with heat through the light-transmitting focusing body, generated by the light source is positioned on the surface of a substrate below the water body, the focusing point and the surrounding water body generate bubbles at the focusing position of the substrate due to heat concentration, the position of the focusing point is continuously heated, and the temperature difference between the solution inside the bubbles and the solution outside the bubbles is caused to generate convection, so that the micro plastics entering the bubbles are melted and fused with each other due to the rapid increase of the heat of the focusing point, and finally a block with the gradually increased integral volume is formed. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention can effectively utilize the sunlight in the nature without additional energy and can not cause secondary pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of removing micro-plastic pollution in water, in particular to a method for removing nano-plastic and micro-plastic in water by utilizing light energy driving.
Background
Along with the mass production and the use of plastic products, the plastic products enter the life of people, after the plastic products are used or discarded, a large number of plastic products or plastic wastes directly enter the water environment, and the size of the plastic products is gradually reduced due to the gradual weathering of the plastic products and the mechanical damage, so that micro plastic substances in the water are formed, and even the plastic products become micro plastics with the size of nanometer and micron level.
Because the particle size of the micro plastic is smaller, the quantity is more, the distribution is wider and the micro plastic has adsorbability, when aquatic organisms in the water environment swallow the micro plastic, the normal physiological activity of the aquatic organisms can be influenced. In addition, the additive in the micro plastic can gradually enter the water body, and the surface area of the additive is large, so that toxic and harmful substances such as pesticides, sulfonamides and the like in the water body can be adsorbed, aquatic organisms can be further harmed, and the toxic and harmful substances can be finally enriched to the human body along the food chain to influence the health of the human body.
In order to remove the micro plastic substances in the water body, the removal is usually realized by physical, chemical, biological and other technical means in the prior art, but different methods have different removal efficiencies.
The physical treatment means includes coagulation, sedimentation and filtration. Wherein the coagulation method realizes the removal by forming polymers with larger volume by coagulant and micro plastic. The existing coagulation technology has poor effect on removing micro-plastics, and has low efficiency on removing micro-plastics with the diameter less than 10 mu m. The settling method, which removes suspended solid particles from a liquid stream by gravity, has a disadvantage in that the removal efficiency is not fixed due to the difference in composition and size of microplastics, and contaminants can only be removed together with sludge. The filtration method comprises ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, rapid sand filtration, separate permeation and the like, and has the advantages that the aperture of the used filter membrane is small, most of the micro-plastics can be prevented from passing through the filter membrane, the micro-plastics with small particle size can be well blocked, the removal efficiency of the micro-plastics is high, however, the membrane cost and the operation cost of the method are high, and the problems of membrane pollution and the like are difficult to avoid.
In addition, chemical treatment technical means comprise photocatalysis and ozone technologies, and the two methods have the defects of high energy consumption and the like.
The biological treatment technology comprises a biodegradation method, an activated sludge method and a membrane bioreactor method, wherein the biodegradation method has the advantages of high-efficiency degradation, low cost and the like, but environmental parameters limit the biodegradation process; the activated sludge method has low and unstable removal efficiency; although the membrane bioreactor process can remove 99.9% of the micro-plastic, the thickness of the biofilm, membrane clogging and liquid distribution affect the overall removal efficiency of the micro-plastic.
Therefore, the method for removing the micro-nano plastic from the sewage body is very important, has low cost and high working efficiency, and does not produce secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects of the sewage micro-plastic removal technology in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for removing nano and micro plastic in a water body by utilizing light energy drive, which can effectively utilize the sunlight in the nature without additional energy and can not cause secondary pollution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for removing nano and micron plastics in a water body by utilizing light energy drive, a light source is arranged above the water body containing the nano and/or micron plastics, a light-transmitting focusing body capable of focusing light of the light source is arranged between the water body and the light source, a focusing point, which is formed by converging the light with heat through the light-transmitting focusing body, of the light source is positioned on the surface of a substrate below the water body, the focusing point and the surrounding water body generate bubbles at the focusing position of the substrate due to heat concentration, the position of the focusing point is continuously heated, the temperature difference between the solution inside and the solution outside the bubbles is caused to generate convection, the micro plastics entering the bubbles are melted and fused with each other due to the rapid increase of the heat of the focusing point, and finally a block with the gradually increased integral volume is formed.
Preferably, the water body containing nano and/or micron micro plastic is contained in a hollow transparent container with an opening at the top, a transparent cover plate is arranged at the top of the hollow transparent container for temporary sealing, and the number of the micro plastic particles in the water body solution is counted under a dark field microscope;
the light-transmitting focusing body is a light-transmitting glass ball, the light source is a mercury lamp simulating sunlight, a plurality of light-transmitting glass balls are suspended above the water body, the mercury lamp arranged above the light-transmitting glass balls irradiates light to the water body, the light-transmitting glass balls focus the light with heat on the surface of the bottom plate of the hollow transparent container at the bottom end of the water body, the water body heated by the focusing point gradually generates bubbles, and the bubbles are attached to the surface of the bottom plate of the hollow transparent container;
because the solution inside and outside the bubble has temperature difference, the solution outside the bubble flows to the periphery of the bubble and generates convection, micro plastic in the solution is brought into the bubble or the edge inside the bubble along with the convection of the solution and cannot flow out through the bubble, after the temperature of the edge of the focusing point is gradually raised and exceeds a certain temperature range by continuous irradiation of light, the micro plastic between the edge of the focusing point and the edge of the inner wall of the bubble is rapidly melted and fused with each other, and finally a block with gradually increased volume is formed;
after a certain time of light irradiation, the number of the micro plastic particles in the water body solution after the bubbles are collected and generated by the light irradiation is counted by a dark field microscope.
Preferably, after the temperature of the central edge of the bubble continuously irradiated by the light is more than 212 ℃, the micro-plastics are gradually melted and fused with each other, and the continuous irradiation time of the light is more than 10mins.
Preferably, when the hollow transparent container is manufactured, a dimethyl siloxane monomer and a dimethyl siloxane curing agent are mixed and uniformly stirred according to a mass ratio of 10.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the light-transmitting glass ball is larger than 2cm, and the focal point light spot of the light-transmitting glass ball is larger than or equal to 0.7mm; the outer diameter of the bubbles is 90-300 μm.
Preferably, before and after the light irradiation, the collection rate detection can be carried out by adopting the same sampling volume when the quantity of the micro-plastics in the water body solution is counted by a dark field microscope.
Preferably, the bubbles are formed rapidly at concave and convex positions on the surface of the substrate.
Preferably, the light source is natural sunlight.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the technical scheme of the invention can utilize light sources such as sunlight and the like as a driving source to act on the micro plastic in the sewage for treatment. The light with heat is converged and focused by utilizing the light-transmitting glass ball with high light transmission performance to generate a focusing point, the focusing point is continuously heated to enable the water body on the surface of the substrate to generate bubbles, the micro plastic in the solution directionally flows to the inside of the bubbles or the inner edge of the bubbles under the thermophoresis effect, and the micro plastic entering the bubbles cannot flow out under the limitation of the inner surface of the bubbles, so that the micro plastic enrichment effect is finally realized. Meanwhile, after the light is continuously irradiated to gradually raise the temperature between the edge of the focusing point and the edge of the inner wall of the bubble to exceed a certain temperature range, the micro plastic inside the bubble is rapidly melted and mutually fused to finally form a block with gradually increased volume, and the block can be conveniently separated from the solution by filtration and/or screening after being separated from the surface of the substrate. In addition, the efficiency of removing the micro-plastics in the sewage can be determined by counting the quantity of the micro-plastics in the solution before and after enrichment through a dark field microscope.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention can remove the nano-plastic and the micro-plastic in the water by utilizing the solar drive, effectively utilize the natural sunlight without additional energy, can not cause secondary pollution, and has low cost and good stability. In addition, the method can enrich the micro-plastics within 100nm in the solution, can also count and compare the number of the polystyrene in the solution before and after collection through a dark-field microscope, and is extremely simple and easy to operate and has wide application scenes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for removing nano-plastic and micro-plastic in a water body by using light energy to drive according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the portion A in FIG. 1
FIGS. 3 to 7 are views illustrating the process of bubble formation and micro-plastic fusion into the bubble;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 7 at B;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 8 at C;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the variation of collection efficiency of different concentrations of the microplastic solution in the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name(s) |
| 1 | |
6 | Block-shaped object |
| 2 | |
7 | Focusing point |
| 3 | Light-transmitting |
8 | Convection current |
| 4 | PDMS trough | 9 | |
| 5 | |
10 | Micro plastic |
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, 8230; etc.) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used for explaining the relative positional relationship between the components, the motion situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the figure), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between the embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization of the technical solutions by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory to each other or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for removing nano and micron plastics in a water body by utilizing light energy driving.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the method for removing nano and micro plastic in a water body by using light energy driving of the present invention, a light source 1 is disposed above a water body 9 containing nano and/or micro plastic 10, a transparent focusing body capable of focusing light of the light source is disposed between the water body 9 and the light source 1, a focusing point 7 where light 2 with heat generated by the light source 1 is focused by the transparent focusing body is located on a substrate surface below the water body 9, the focusing point 7 and surrounding water thereof generate bubbles at the substrate focusing position due to heat concentration, the focusing point 7 and surrounding water thereof generate bubbles 5 from at least part of water due to heat concentration, the position of the focusing point 7 is continuously heated and causes a temperature difference between the inside and outside solutions of the bubbles 5 to generate convection 8, the micro plastic 10 entering the bubbles 5 is melted and fused with each other due to rapid increase of heat of the focusing point 7, and finally forms a block 6 with gradually increased overall volume, and the block 6 is separated from the solutions by a filter screen.
In this example, the method of removing nano-and micro-plastics in water using light energy drive first produces a concentration of 7.23 x 10 5 2.35X 10 per mL 7 A solution of Polystyrene Spheres (PS) of 1 μm in size/mL, and injected into a PDMS tank 4 prepared in advance, the PDMS tank 4 having a hollow cube structure with an opening at the top. The number of PS spheres in the solution in water 9 was counted under a dark field microscope.
Then, a plurality of high-light-transmission-performance light-transmitting glass balls 3 are arranged above the water body in a suspending manner, light 2 is irradiated to the water body by using a mercury lamp to simulate irradiation of sunlight, the light 2 with heat is converged on the surface of the bottom plate of the PDMS tank 4 by the light-transmitting glass balls 3, bubbles 5 are gradually generated in the water body heated by the focusing point 7, the bubbles 5 are attached to the surface of the bottom plate of the PDMS tank 4, and the outer diameter of the generated bubbles 5 is 90-300 microns. Preferably, in order to improve the generation efficiency of the bubbles 5, the bottom plate surface of the PDMS trough 4 of the present embodiment may have a certain concave-convex planar structure to accelerate the generation efficiency of the bubbles 5.
After the light 2 with heat continuously irradiates the water 9 to generate the bubbles 5 in the water 9, because the temperature difference exists between the internal temperature of the bubbles 5 and the external solution of the bubbles 5, the external solution of the bubbles 5 flows to the inside of the bubbles 5 and generates convection, the micro plastic 10 which enters the inside of the bubbles 5 and the internal edge of the bubbles 5 along with the solution cannot diffuse and flow out through the internal surface of the bubbles 5, when the continuous irradiation time of the light 2 is longer than 10mins, the temperature of the edge of the focusing point 7 of the bubbles 5 is gradually increased and exceeds 212 ℃, the micro plastic 10 between the edge of the focusing point 7 and the edge of the internal wall of the bubbles 5 is rapidly melted and fused with each other, and finally the blocks 6 with the gradually increased volume are formed.
After the light 2 is irradiated for a certain time, the number of PS balls in the water solution after bubbles are collected due to light irradiation is counted by a dark field microscope, and the collection efficiency of the method is determined by the change of the number of PS balls in the water before and after the light irradiation.
Preferably, when the PDMS tank 4 of this embodiment is manufactured, a dimethyl siloxane monomer and a dimethyl siloxane curing agent are mixed and uniformly stirred at a mass ratio of 10.
Preferably, the mercury lamp of this embodiment has an irradiation power of at least 135mW cm -1 The outer diameter of the light-transmitting glass ball 3 is larger than 2cm, and the focal point light spot of the light-transmitting glass ball 3 is smaller than or equal to 0.7mm.
As shown in fig. 3, under the condition of non-focused light irradiation, the micro-plastic in the water body is uniformly dispersed in the water body. As shown in fig. 4, after light is projected to the aqueous solution and focused by the transparent glass ball 3, the focusing point 7 appears on the substrate surface of the PDMS trough 4, and the central position of the focusing point 7 gradually generates the bubble 5, while the left side of the bubble 5 causes a part of the micro-plastic to gather due to the thermal effect. As shown in fig. 5, as the irradiation time increases, the diameter of the bubble 5 at the position of the focusing point 7 gradually increases, and the originally gathered micro plastic 10 generates a convection phenomenon in the water body, so that the micro plastic 10 tends to gather into the bubble 5. As shown in fig. 6, as the irradiation time increases, the micro plastic 10 in the water body penetrates through the surface of the bubble 5 to the inner part of the bubble 5 and the inner edge position of the bubble 5 at a faster speed, and in addition, the center of the focusing point 7 slightly moves after the bubble 5 is formed due to the scattering of the bubble 5. As shown in fig. 7, 8, and 9, since the micro plastic 10 enters the inside of the bubble 5, it is first gathered at the edge position of the inner wall surface of the bubble 5, and the edge temperature at the focusing point is higher than the center temperature of the focusing point, so that the micro plastic 10 enters the inside of the bubble 5 and is accumulated, and then it is melted rapidly and fused into the mass 6 due to the high temperature environment.
As shown in fig. 10, for micro plastic solutions with different concentrations, there is a certain variation in collection efficiency, and as the concentration gradually increases, the collection efficiency gradually increases first; after the concentration is increased, the collection efficiency is correspondingly reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the specification and drawings, or any other related technical fields, which are directly or indirectly applied to the present invention, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for removing nano and micron plastics in a water body by utilizing light energy drive is characterized in that a light source is arranged above the water body containing nano and/or micron micro plastics, a light-transmitting focusing body capable of focusing light of the light source is arranged between the water body and the light source, a focusing point, generated by the light source, of light with heat, converged by the light-transmitting focusing body is positioned on the surface of a substrate below the water body, the focusing point and the surrounding water body of the focusing point generate bubbles at the focusing position of the substrate due to heat concentration, the position of the focusing point is continuously heated, and the temperature difference between the solution inside the bubbles and the solution outside the bubbles is caused to generate convection, the micro plastics entering the bubbles are melted and fused with each other due to the rapid increase of the heat of the focusing point, and finally a block with the gradually increased integral volume is formed; the light-transmitting focusing body is a light-transmitting glass ball; after the temperature of the central edge of the bubble continuously irradiated by the light is more than 212 ℃, the micro-plastics are gradually melted and fused with each other, and the continuous irradiation time of the light is more than 10 mins; the outer diameter of the light-transmitting glass ball is larger than 2cm, and the focal point light spot of the light-transmitting glass ball is larger than or equal to 0.7mm; the outer diameter of the air bubbles is 90-300 mu m; the bubbles are quickly formed at the concave-convex positions on the surface of the substrate; the light source is natural sunlight.
2. The method for removing nano and micro plastic in water body by using light energy driving as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water body containing nano and/or micro plastic is contained in a hollow transparent container with an opening on the top, the top of the hollow transparent container is provided with a transparent cover plate for temporary sealing, and the number of micro plastic particles in the water body solution is counted under a dark field microscope;
the light source is a mercury lamp simulating sunlight, a plurality of light-transmitting glass balls are suspended above the water body, the mercury lamp arranged above the light-transmitting glass balls irradiates light to the water body, the light-transmitting glass balls converge the light with heat to be focused on the surface of a bottom plate of the hollow transparent container at the bottom end of the water body, the water body heated by a focusing point gradually generates bubbles, and the bubbles are attached to the surface of the bottom plate of the hollow transparent container;
because the temperature difference exists between the solution inside the bubble and the solution outside the bubble, the solution outside the bubble flows to the periphery of the bubble and generates convection, micro plastic in the solution is brought into the bubble or the edge inside the bubble along with the convection of the solution and cannot flow out through the bubble, after the temperature of the edge of a focusing point is gradually increased and exceeds a certain temperature range by continuous irradiation of light, the micro plastic between the edge of the focusing point and the edge of the inner wall of the bubble is rapidly melted and fused with each other, and finally a block with the gradually increased volume is formed;
after a certain time of light irradiation, the number of micro plastic particles in the water solution after the bubbles generated by the light irradiation are collected is counted by a dark field microscope.
3. The method for removing nano and micro plastics in water body by utilizing light energy driving as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the hollow transparent container is manufactured, dimethyl siloxane monomer and dimethyl siloxane curing agent are mixed and uniformly stirred according to a mass ratio of 10.
4. The method for removing nano-and micro-plastic in water body by using light energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein before and after light irradiation, the same sampling volume is used for collection rate detection when the amount of micro-plastic in the water body solution is counted by dark field microscope.
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