CN113457867A - Atomizing nozzle capable of automatically adjusting flow of working medium - Google Patents
Atomizing nozzle capable of automatically adjusting flow of working medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN113457867A CN113457867A CN202110850955.6A CN202110850955A CN113457867A CN 113457867 A CN113457867 A CN 113457867A CN 202110850955 A CN202110850955 A CN 202110850955A CN 113457867 A CN113457867 A CN 113457867A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/12—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
- B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
- B05B7/0483—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with gas and liquid jets intersecting in the mixing chamber
Abstract
The invention discloses an atomizing nozzle capable of automatically adjusting working medium flow, which comprises a nozzle cap, a nozzle core, a nozzle cover, a pressure valve and a baffle ring, wherein the nozzle cap is arranged on the nozzle core; the nozzle cap is provided with a gas inlet, an upper gas cavity channel, a liquid inlet and an upper liquid cavity channel; a liquid buffer cavity is arranged inside the nozzle core; the pressure valve is arranged in a pressure valve cavity at the top of the nozzle core, a valve body of the pressure valve is positioned between the upper liquid cavity channel and the liquid buffer cavity, and the upper surface of the valve body is a surface bearing the pressure of the liquid; the pressure valve can be automatically opened and closed, the flow and the pressure of the liquid flowing into the liquid buffer cavity are automatically adjusted, and the atomizing nozzle is switched among different atomizing working modes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomization, and particularly relates to an atomizing nozzle capable of automatically adjusting working medium flow.
Background
The atomization technology is widely applied to the industries of aviation, aerospace, metallurgy, environmental protection, chemical industry, electronics, agriculture and livestock industry and the like. The atomization technology mainly comprises two atomization means of mechanical atomization and medium atomization, medium atomization is achieved through interaction of various working media, and the atomization technology is characterized in that the requirement on liquid pressure is low, and a good atomization effect can be achieved in a wide liquid flow range.
In a wind tunnel test, important control parameters for simulating a real flying cloud environment comprise liquid water content, average water drop diameter and the like, the space water content needs to be controlled under the condition of extremely low liquid flow, and wide atomized liquid drop particle size distribution and high distribution uniformity are obtained. However, the atomizing nozzles adopted in the current medium atomization are difficult to meet the use requirements of wind tunnel tests well, and the purposes of ensuring good cloud and mist uniformity and achieving stable and controllable spray average water drop diameter and water flow cannot be achieved, and the generated average liquid drop diameter and water flow are far higher than ideal standards.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the atomizing nozzle with the working medium flow automatically adjustable, and the atomizing nozzle is based on the flow fuzzy atomization principle, so that the good atomization uniformity is ensured, and the stable and controllable atomization average liquid drop particle size and water flow can be realized. The atomizing nozzle can change the flow of the working medium along with the change of the liquid pressure, and under the condition of extremely low total flow of the liquid, fog drops with small particle size are obtained when the flow is low, fog drops with large particle size are obtained when the flow is high, and the particle size distribution range of atomized liquid drops is further expanded.
The invention provides an atomizing nozzle capable of automatically adjusting working medium flow, which comprises a nozzle cap, a nozzle core, a nozzle cover, a pressure valve and a baffle ring, wherein the nozzle cover is arranged on the nozzle cap; the nozzle cap is provided with a gas inlet, an upper gas cavity channel, a liquid inlet and an upper liquid cavity channel; a liquid buffer cavity is arranged inside the nozzle core, and the cavity wall of the liquid buffer cavity is arc-shaped; the pressure valve is arranged in a pressure valve cavity at the top of the nozzle core, a valve body of the pressure valve is positioned between the upper liquid cavity channel and the liquid buffer cavity, and the upper surface of the valve body is a surface bearing the pressure of the liquid; the pressure valve can be automatically opened and closed, the flow and the pressure of the liquid flowing into the liquid buffer cavity are automatically adjusted, and the atomizing nozzle is switched among different atomizing working modes. The axes of the gas inlet and the liquid inlet on the nozzle cap are in the same line, which is beneficial to the uniform stress of the atomizing nozzle.
The upper part of the nozzle core is cylindrical, and a lower gas cavity channel is formed between the outer wall of the upper part of the nozzle core and the inner wall of the nozzle cover; the lower part of the nozzle core is in an inverted cone shape, and a gas buffer cavity is formed between the outer wall of the lower part of the nozzle core and the inner wall of the nozzle cover; the upper gas cavity channel, the lower gas cavity channel and the gas buffer cavity are communicated in sequence to form a first gas channel; the gas inlet is connected with the first gas channel; the drift diameter of the lower gas cavity channel is 1-2 mm. An arc-shaped transition surface is arranged between the bottom and the side wall of the nozzle cover, and the arc-shaped transition surface is used as a part of the inner wall of the gas buffer cavity, so that the turbulence of gas flow in the first gas channel can be weakened, and a gas flow field is optimized. The cone angle of the lower part of the nozzle core is 20-40 degrees, and because the outer wall of the lower part of the nozzle core is also a part of the inner wall of the gas buffer cavity, the cone angle can effectively reduce the resistance of the gas flow and the inner wall of the gas buffer cavity.
A lower liquid cavity channel is also arranged in the nozzle core; the upper liquid cavity channel, the liquid buffer cavity and the lower liquid cavity channel are communicated in sequence to form a liquid channel; the liquid inlet is connected with the liquid channel; the drift diameter of the lower liquid cavity is 1-2 mm. The first gas channel is located at the periphery of the liquid channel.
The valve body is of a two-piece structure, and the inner cavity of the valve body is of a Laval nozzle structure; the two valve bodies move transversely relative to each other to enable the pressure valve to be in an open or closed state; when the pressure valve is in a closed state, the upper liquid channel and the liquid buffer cavity are communicated through a throat part in the Laval nozzle structure.
The nozzle core is internally provided with 2 pore channels which transversely communicate the lower gas cavity channel with the liquid buffer cavity; the baffle ring is positioned in the baffle ring groove of the through-hole channel to cut off the channel; the baffle ring is provided with an air hole and can move up and down in the baffle ring groove; when the baffle ring moves downwards, the air hole is aligned with the pore channel, so that the pore channel is communicated; when the baffle ring moves upwards to reset, the air hole is separated from the alignment position of the pore channel, so that the pore channel is cut off.
A plurality of valve body springs are arranged on the periphery of the valve body, and the tail ends of the valve body springs are abutted against the inner wall of the pressure valve cavity; the valve body is positioned in the pressure valve cavity through the clamping piece; the clamping piece is a Z-shaped elastic part, and two ends of the clamping piece are provided with reverse bulges; one end of the card is protruded and pressed into the clamping groove at the bottom of the pressure valve cavity, the other end of the card is protruded and supported in the sliding groove at the bottom of the valve body, the inner wall of the sliding groove is arc-shaped, and the back of the protrusion supported in the sliding groove is pressed on the top of the baffle ring; a baffle ring spring is arranged between the bottom of the baffle ring and the bottom of the baffle ring groove; when the valve body moves transversely in the pressure valve cavity, the sliding groove at the bottom of the valve body extrudes and butts against the bulge in the sliding groove, so that the back of the bulge does downward pressing or upward lifting action, and the blocking ring is driven to correspondingly move up and down in the blocking ring groove.
The bottom of the pressure valve cavity is a conical surface, and the bottom angle of the conical surface ranges from 5 degrees to 30 degrees; the upper surface of the valve body is an inverted conical surface, and the bottom angle of the inverted conical surface ranges from 5 degrees to 30 degrees.
When the liquid pressure on the upper surface of the valve body reaches a set threshold value, the pressure valve is automatically opened, and the set threshold value depends on the elasticity of the card; the pressure valve is automatically opened or closed under the combined action of the liquid pressure and the elastic force of the card.
When the pressure valve is in a closed state, the drift diameter of the throat part in the Laval nozzle structure is 0.5-1.5 mm; when the pressure valve is in an open state, the transverse moving relative distance of the two valve bodies is within the range of 0.1-0.5 mm.
4-10 valve body springs are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner wall of the pressure valve cavity, and the number of the clamping pieces is consistent with that of the valve body springs; when the pressure valve is in a closed state, a distance is reserved between the starting end of the valve body spring and the outer peripheral surface of the valve body; when the pressure valve is in an opening state, the valve body spring has the function of controlling the transverse moving relative distance of the two valve bodies. The valve body spring is also used for assisting the valve body to complete the reset action.
The nozzle cap, the nozzle core and the nozzle cover form a main body of the atomizing nozzle, and the nozzle cap and the nozzle core, and the nozzle cap and the nozzle cover are in detachable threaded connection.
The tail end of the gas buffer cavity is provided with a gas outlet, the tail end of the lower liquid cavity channel is provided with a liquid outlet, the gas outlet and the liquid outlet are intersected, the axis of the gas outlet is orthogonal to the axis of the liquid outlet, and the jet orifice of the atomizing nozzle is arranged at the downstream of the intersection point.
The working process of the atomizing nozzle comprises the following steps:
(1) the liquid flows into the atomizing nozzle from a liquid inlet of the atomizing nozzle and flows into the pressure valve through the upper liquid cavity; the liquid enters the liquid buffer cavity through the pressure valve and then enters the lower liquid cavity channel;
(2) gas enters the atomizing nozzle from a gas inlet of the atomizing nozzle, passes through the upper gas cavity channel and the lower gas cavity channel and is sprayed into the gas buffer cavity; the tail end of the gas buffer cavity is intersected with the tail end of the lower liquid cavity channel; after the gas is buffered and the flow state of the gas is adjusted by the gas buffer cavity, one part of the gas reflows to enter the liquid buffer cavity through the lower liquid cavity channel, and the other part of the gas is ejected from the tail end of the gas buffer cavity;
(3) the gas flowing back into the liquid buffer cavity is premixed with liquid in the liquid buffer cavity, the premixed gas-liquid mixture is impacted with the jet gas from the tail end of the gas buffer cavity at the tail end of the lower liquid cavity channel to form a violent turbulent flow state, and then the turbulent flow state is jetted out from the jet orifice of the atomizing nozzle to finish the flow fuzzy atomization process.
The valve body of the pressure valve is of a two-piece structure, and the upper surface of the valve body is a surface bearing the pressure of liquid; the pressure valve is automatically opened and closed, the flow and the pressure of the liquid flowing into the liquid buffer cavity are automatically adjusted, and the atomizing nozzle is switched among different atomizing modes.
When the liquid flow flowing into the atomizing nozzle is small, the liquid pressure on the upper surface of the valve body of the pressure valve is smaller than a set threshold value, the pressure valve is in a closed state, the inner cavities of the two valve bodies form a Laval nozzle structure, and the drift diameter of the throat part in the Laval nozzle structure is 0.5-1.5 mm; the liquid is primarily atomized after being accelerated by the Laval nozzle structure and then is sprayed into the liquid buffer cavity and the lower liquid cavity channel. The gas-liquid mixture also collides with the gas in the lower liquid cavity, and the flow state of the gas-liquid mixture is annular flow in the lower liquid cavity, so that the flow rate of the liquid is reduced.
When the flow of liquid flowing into the atomizing nozzle is increased, the liquid pressure on the upper surface of the valve body of the pressure valve is increased to reach a set threshold value, the two valve bodies transversely move in a direction away from each other relatively, the transverse moving relative distance of the two valve bodies is within the range of 0.1-0.5 mm, the pressure valve is in an open state, a Laval nozzle structure formed by the inner cavity fails, and a large amount of liquid directly enters the liquid buffer cavity from the upper liquid cavity channel and then enters the lower liquid cavity channel; the opening of the pressure valve plays a role in pressure relief, so that the increased liquid pressure in the upper surface of the valve body and the liquid buffer cavity is sharply reduced; through the buffering of the liquid buffer cavity, the pressure and flow fluctuation of the atomized liquid drops sprayed out of the spray opening become smooth and tend to be stable; after the pressure valve is opened and decompressed, the pressure valve automatically returns to a closed state. The gas-liquid mixture also collides with the gas in the lower liquid cavity, the gas-liquid mixture appears as slug flow or foam flow in the lower liquid cavity, and the atomization effect of the atomization nozzle is weakened.
The inside of the nozzle core of the atomizing nozzle is provided with 2 pore passages, and the pore passages transversely communicate the lower gas cavity passage with the liquid buffer cavity; a baffle ring is arranged in a baffle ring groove of the through-hole channel to cut off the channel; the baffle ring is provided with an air hole and can move up and down in the baffle ring groove; when the baffle ring moves downwards, the air hole is aligned with the pore channel, so that the pore channel is communicated; when the baffle ring moves upwards to reset, the air hole is separated from the alignment position of the pore channel, so that the pore channel is cut off.
The pressure valve is arranged in a pressure valve cavity at the top of the nozzle core; a plurality of valve body springs are arranged on the periphery of the valve body, and the tail ends of the valve body springs are abutted against the inner wall of the pressure valve cavity; the valve body is positioned in the pressure valve cavity through the clamping piece; the card is a Z-shaped elastic component with reverse bulges at two ends; the set threshold for the automatic opening of the pressure valve depends on the elasticity of the card; one end of the card is protruded and pressed into the clamping groove at the bottom of the pressure valve cavity, the other end of the card is protruded and supported in the sliding groove at the bottom of the valve body, and the back of the protrusion supported in the sliding groove is pressed on the top of the baffle ring; a baffle ring spring is arranged between the bottom of the baffle ring and the bottom of the baffle ring groove.
When the two valve bodies transversely move in the direction away from each other in the pressure valve cavity, the pressure valve is in an automatic opening state, and a large amount of liquid directly enters the liquid buffer cavity from the upper liquid cavity channel; meanwhile, the sliding groove at the bottom of the valve body extrudes and abuts against the clamping piece bulge in the sliding groove, so that the back of the bulge performs downward pressing action, and the baffle ring is driven to move downwards in the baffle ring groove, so that the pore passages are communicated; a large amount of gas gushes into the liquid buffer cavity through the pore channel, and the gas-liquid premixing requirement of the liquid with increased flow is met.
When the two valve bodies reset under the action of the elastic force of the clamping pieces, the pressure valve is restored to a closed state, and the flow of the liquid flowing into the liquid buffer cavity is restored to a low flow; meanwhile, the card bulge which is pushed into the chute resets under the action of elasticity, so that the back of the bulge resets and is lifted, the baffle ring resets upwards under the action of a baffle ring spring in the baffle ring groove, and the pore channel is cut off.
When the liquid flow flowing into the atomizing nozzle from the liquid inlet is small, the pressure valve is in a closed state, the liquid enters the liquid buffer cavity through the Laval nozzle structure of the inner cavity of the valve body and completes gas-liquid premixing through a small amount of gas flowing back into the liquid buffer cavity through the lower liquid cavity channel, a gas-liquid mixture after the gas-liquid premixing collides with the gas in the lower liquid cavity channel to form a violent turbulent flow state, and finally the gas is sprayed out from the spray orifice of the atomizing nozzle to complete the flow fuzzy atomization process when the liquid flow is small; in addition, because the environmental pressure is lowered after the jet-out of the jet orifice, a small amount of bubbles included in the jet-out of the jet orifice are expanded and then broken, and an atomization effect is also generated; the working mode is a low-flow working mode of the atomizing nozzle, and atomized liquid drops with smaller particle sizes can be obtained in the working mode.
When the liquid flow flowing into the atomizing nozzle from the liquid inlet becomes larger, the pressure valve is in an automatic opening state, the Laval nozzle effect of the inner cavity of the valve body disappears, a large amount of liquid enters the liquid buffer cavity, a large amount of gas rushing into the liquid buffer cavity through the pore passage and gas entering the liquid buffer cavity through the lower liquid cavity channel through backflow complete gas-liquid premixing; the liquid buffer cavity mainly plays a role in buffering and premixing before excessive liquid enters the lower liquid cavity channel; a large amount of gas-liquid mixture after gas-liquid premixing collides with gas in a lower liquid cavity channel to form a violent turbulent flow state, and is finally sprayed out from a spray opening of an atomizing nozzle to finish the flow fuzzy atomization process when the liquid flow is large; meanwhile, a large amount of bubbles mixed in the jet flow sprayed by the spray opening are expanded and then broken to generate an atomization effect, and the atomization effect generated by the expansion and breakage of the bubbles becomes more obvious and important in the atomization process under the condition of large-flow liquid; the working mode is a high-flow working mode of the atomizing nozzle, and atomized liquid drops with larger grain diameters can be obtained by the working mode.
The atomizing nozzle can realize automatic continuous switching between two working modes of small flow and large flow by controlling the periodic transformation of the liquid flow and the pressure flowing into the liquid inlet in a certain range, can realize the atomizing effect of wide and continuous atomized liquid drops with wide and continuous particle size distribution and lower space water content under the condition of extremely low total liquid flow by adjusting the set threshold value automatically opened by the pressure valve and combining the change period control of the liquid flow and the pressure at the liquid inlet, and realizes the control of the particle size distribution and the space water content of the atomized liquid drops. In the process of opening and closing the pressure valve, the pressure change at the outlet position of the pressure valve is severe, but after the pressure change is buffered by the liquid buffer cavity, the pressure pulsation at the injection port is smooth.
The flow rate of the liquid flowing into the atomizing nozzle through the liquid inlet is in a very low flow rate range of 40-200 mg/s, and the particle diameter of the atomized liquid droplets ejected from the ejection port of the atomizing nozzle is continuously distributed in a range of 1-2000 μm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the atomizing nozzle, the set threshold value of the automatic opening of the pressure valve is adjusted and the control of the liquid flow and the pressure at the liquid inlet is combined, so that the atomizing effect of wide and continuous atomized liquid drops with wide particle size distribution and low space water content can be realized under the condition of extremely low total liquid flow, and the control of the particle size distribution and the space water content of the atomized liquid drops is realized. The particle size of atomized liquid drops can be continuously distributed within the range of 1-2000 mu m within the extremely low liquid flow range of 40-200 mg/s; after the atomizing nozzle finishes the atomizing process of two working modes of small flow and large flow, the water content in the unit space at the position 100mm away from the jet orifice is as low as 24-28 g/m at room temperature3Within the range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting the flow of a working medium according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the pressure valve of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the pressure cycling at the outlet of the pressure valve and at the injection port of an atomizing nozzle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are intended for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting working medium flow according to the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the atomizing nozzle includes a nozzle cap 1, a nozzle core 2, a nozzle cover 3, a pressure valve 4 and a baffle ring 5; the nozzle cap 1 is provided with a gas inlet 6, an upper gas channel 7, a liquid inlet 8 and an upper liquid channel 9; a liquid buffer cavity 10 is arranged inside the nozzle core 2, and the cavity wall of the liquid buffer cavity 10 is arc-shaped; the pressure valve 4 is arranged in a pressure valve cavity 11 at the top of the nozzle core, a valve body of the pressure valve 4 is positioned between an upper liquid cavity channel 9 and a liquid buffer cavity 10, and the upper surface of the valve body is a surface bearing the pressure of liquid; the pressure valve 4 can be automatically opened and closed, and can automatically adjust the flow and pressure of the liquid flowing into the liquid buffer cavity 10, and simultaneously, the atomizing nozzle can be switched between different atomizing working modes. The axes of the holes of the gas inlet 6 and the liquid inlet 8 on the nozzle cap are in the same line, which is beneficial to balancing the stress of the atomizing nozzle.
The upper part of the nozzle core 2 is cylindrical, and a lower gas cavity channel 12 is formed between the outer wall of the upper part of the nozzle core 2 and the inner wall of the nozzle cover 3; the lower part of the nozzle core 2 is in an inverted cone shape, and a gas buffer cavity 13 is formed between the outer wall of the lower part of the nozzle core 2 and the inner wall of the nozzle cover 3; the upper gas cavity channel 7, the lower gas cavity channel 12 and the gas buffer cavity 13 are communicated in sequence to form a first gas channel; the gas inlet 6 is connected with the first gas channel; the drift diameter of the lower gas cavity channel 12 is 1-2 mm. An arc-shaped transition surface is arranged between the bottom and the side wall of the nozzle cover, and the arc-shaped transition surface is used as a part of the inner wall of the gas buffer cavity, so that the turbulence of gas flow in the first gas channel can be weakened, and a gas flow field is optimized. The cone angle of the lower part of the nozzle core is 20-40 degrees, and because the outer wall of the lower part of the nozzle core is also a part of the inner wall of the gas buffer cavity, the cone angle can effectively reduce the resistance of the gas flow and the inner wall of the gas buffer cavity.
The interior of the nozzle core 2 is also provided with a lower liquid channel 14; the upper liquid cavity 9, the liquid buffer cavity 10 and the lower liquid cavity 14 are communicated in sequence to form a liquid channel; the liquid inlet 8 is connected with the liquid channel; the drift diameter of the lower liquid cavity channel 14 is 1-2 mm. The first gas channel is located at the periphery of the liquid channel.
The nozzle cap 1, the nozzle core 2 and the nozzle cover 3 form a main body of the atomizing nozzle, and the nozzle cap 1 and the nozzle core 2, and the nozzle cap 1 and the nozzle cover 3 are detachably connected through threads.
The tail end of the gas buffer cavity 13 is provided with a gas outlet 15, the tail end of the lower liquid cavity channel is provided with a liquid outlet 16, the gas outlet 15 and the liquid outlet 16 are intersected, the axis of the gas outlet is orthogonal to the axis of the liquid outlet, and the jet orifice 17 of the atomizing nozzle is arranged at the downstream of the intersection point.
The inside of the nozzle core 2 is provided with 2 pore channels 18 which transversely communicate the lower gas cavity channel 12 with the liquid buffer cavity 10; the baffle ring 5 is positioned in a baffle ring groove 19 of the through-hole channel to cut off the channel; the baffle ring 5 is provided with an air hole 20, and the baffle ring 5 can move up and down in the baffle ring groove 19; when the baffle ring moves downwards, the air hole is aligned with the pore channel, so that the pore channel is communicated; when the baffle ring moves upwards to reset, the air hole is separated from the alignment position of the pore channel, so that the pore channel is cut off. A retaining ring spring 21 is arranged between the bottom of the retaining ring 5 and the bottom of the retaining ring groove 19.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure valve of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the valve body of the pressure valve 4 of the present invention is a two-piece structure, which is a valve body 22 and a valve body 23, respectively, and an inner cavity formed by combining the valve body 22 and the valve body 23 is a laval nozzle structure 24; the two valve bodies move transversely relative to each other to enable the pressure valve to be in an open or closed state; when the pressure valve is in the closed state, the upper liquid channel and the liquid buffer chamber 10 communicate through the throat in the laval nozzle structure 24.
A plurality of valve body springs 25 are arranged on the periphery of the valve body, and the tail ends of the valve body springs are abutted against the inner wall of the pressure valve cavity 11; the valve body is positioned within the pressure valve chamber by a snap 26; the clamping piece is a Z-shaped elastic part, and two ends of the clamping piece are provided with reverse bulges; one end of the card is raised 27 and is pressed into the neck 28 at the bottom of the pressure valve cavity, another end of the card is raised 29 and is pushed into the runner 30 at the bottom of the valve body, the inner wall of the runner 30 is arc, the back of the raised 29 pushed into the runner is pressed on the top of the retaining ring 5; when the valve body 22 moves transversely in the pressure valve cavity 11, the sliding groove 30 at the bottom of the valve body extrudes the bulge 29 which is abutted into the sliding groove, so that the back of the bulge does downward pressing or upward lifting action, and the baffle ring 5 is driven to correspondingly move up and down in the baffle ring groove.
The cavity bottom of the pressure valve cavity 11 is a conical surface, and the bottom angle of the conical surface ranges from 5 degrees to 30 degrees; the upper surfaces of the valve body 22 and the valve body 23 are reverse conical surfaces, and the bottom angle of the reverse conical surfaces ranges from 5 degrees to 30 degrees.
When the liquid pressure on the upper surface of the valve body reaches a set threshold value, the pressure valve is automatically opened, and the set threshold value depends on the elasticity of the card; the pressure valve is automatically opened or closed under the combined action of the liquid pressure and the elastic force of the card.
When the pressure valve is in a closed state, the drift diameter of the throat part in the Laval nozzle structure is 0.5-1.5 mm; when the pressure valve is in an open state, the transverse moving relative distance of the two valve bodies is within the range of 0.1-0.5 mm.
4-10 valve body springs are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner wall of the pressure valve cavity, and the number of the clamping pieces is consistent with that of the valve body springs; when the pressure valve is in a closed state, a distance is reserved between the starting end of the valve body spring and the outer peripheral surface of the valve body; when the pressure valve is in an opening state, the valve body spring has the function of controlling the transverse moving relative distance of the two valve bodies. The valve body spring is also used for assisting the valve body to complete the reset action.
The working process of the atomizing nozzle comprises the following steps:
(1) the liquid flows into the atomizing nozzle from a liquid inlet of the atomizing nozzle and flows into the pressure valve through the upper liquid cavity; the liquid enters the liquid buffer cavity through the pressure valve and then enters the lower liquid cavity channel;
(2) gas enters the atomizing nozzle from a gas inlet of the atomizing nozzle, passes through the upper gas cavity channel and the lower gas cavity channel and is sprayed into the gas buffer cavity; the tail end of the gas buffer cavity is intersected with the tail end of the lower liquid cavity channel; after the gas is buffered and the flow state of the gas is adjusted by the gas buffer cavity, one part of the gas reflows to enter the liquid buffer cavity through the lower liquid cavity channel, and the other part of the gas is ejected from the tail end of the gas buffer cavity;
(3) the gas flowing back into the liquid buffer cavity is premixed with liquid in the liquid buffer cavity, the premixed gas-liquid mixture is impacted with the jet gas from the tail end of the gas buffer cavity at the tail end of the lower liquid cavity channel to form a violent turbulent flow state, and then the turbulent flow state is jetted out from the jet orifice of the atomizing nozzle to finish the flow fuzzy atomization process.
The valve body of the pressure valve is of a two-piece structure, and the upper surface of the valve body is a surface bearing the pressure of liquid; the pressure valve is automatically opened and closed, the flow and the pressure of the liquid flowing into the liquid buffer cavity are automatically adjusted, and the atomizing nozzle is switched among different atomizing modes.
When the liquid flow flowing into the atomizing nozzle is small, the liquid pressure on the upper surface of the valve body of the pressure valve is smaller than a set threshold value, the pressure valve is in a closed state, the inner cavities of the two valve bodies form a Laval nozzle structure, and the drift diameter of the throat part in the Laval nozzle structure is 0.5-1.5 mm; the liquid is primarily atomized after being accelerated by the Laval nozzle structure and then is sprayed into the liquid buffer cavity and the lower liquid cavity channel. The gas-liquid mixture also collides with the gas in the lower liquid cavity, and the flow state of the gas-liquid mixture is annular flow in the lower liquid cavity, so that the flow rate of the liquid is reduced.
When the flow of liquid flowing into the atomizing nozzle is increased, the liquid pressure on the upper surface of the valve body of the pressure valve is increased to reach a set threshold value, the two valve bodies transversely move in a direction away from each other relatively, the transverse moving relative distance of the two valve bodies is within the range of 0.1-0.5 mm, the pressure valve is in an open state, a Laval nozzle structure formed by the inner cavity fails, and a large amount of liquid directly enters the liquid buffer cavity from the upper liquid cavity channel and then enters the lower liquid cavity channel; the opening of the pressure valve plays a role in pressure relief, so that the increased liquid pressure in the upper surface of the valve body and the liquid buffer cavity is sharply reduced; through the buffering of the liquid buffer cavity, the pressure and flow fluctuation of the atomized liquid drops sprayed out of the spray opening become smooth and tend to be stable; after the pressure valve is opened and decompressed, the pressure valve automatically returns to a closed state. The gas-liquid mixture also collides with the gas in the lower liquid cavity, the gas-liquid mixture appears as slug flow or foam flow in the lower liquid cavity, and the atomization effect of the atomization nozzle is weakened.
The inside of the nozzle core of the atomizing nozzle is provided with 2 pore passages, and the pore passages transversely communicate the lower gas cavity passage with the liquid buffer cavity; a baffle ring is arranged in a baffle ring groove of the through-hole channel to cut off the channel; the baffle ring is provided with an air hole and can move up and down in the baffle ring groove; when the baffle ring moves downwards, the air hole is aligned with the pore channel, so that the pore channel is communicated; when the baffle ring moves upwards to reset, the air hole is separated from the alignment position of the pore channel, so that the pore channel is cut off.
The pressure valve is arranged in a pressure valve cavity at the top of the nozzle core; a plurality of valve body springs are arranged on the periphery of the valve body, and the tail ends of the valve body springs are abutted against the inner wall of the pressure valve cavity; the valve body is positioned in the pressure valve cavity through the clamping piece; the card is a Z-shaped elastic component with reverse bulges at two ends; the set threshold for the automatic opening of the pressure valve depends on the elasticity of the card; one end of the card is protruded and pressed into the clamping groove at the bottom of the pressure valve cavity, the other end of the card is protruded and supported in the sliding groove at the bottom of the valve body, and the back of the protrusion supported in the sliding groove is pressed on the top of the baffle ring; a baffle ring spring is arranged between the bottom of the baffle ring and the bottom of the baffle ring groove.
When the two valve bodies transversely move in the direction away from each other in the pressure valve cavity, the pressure valve is in an automatic opening state, and a large amount of liquid directly enters the liquid buffer cavity from the upper liquid cavity channel; meanwhile, the sliding groove at the bottom of the valve body extrudes and abuts against the clamping piece bulge in the sliding groove, so that the back of the bulge performs downward pressing action, and the baffle ring is driven to move downwards in the baffle ring groove, so that the pore passages are communicated; a large amount of gas gushes into the liquid buffer cavity through the pore channel, and the gas-liquid premixing requirement of the liquid with increased flow is met.
When the two valve bodies reset under the action of the elastic force of the clamping pieces, the pressure valve is restored to a closed state, and the flow of the liquid flowing into the liquid buffer cavity is restored to a low flow; meanwhile, the card bulge which is pushed into the chute resets under the action of elasticity, so that the back of the bulge resets and is lifted, the baffle ring resets upwards under the action of a baffle ring spring in the baffle ring groove, and the pore channel is cut off.
When the liquid flow flowing into the atomizing nozzle from the liquid inlet is small, the pressure valve is in a closed state, the liquid enters the liquid buffer cavity through the Laval nozzle structure of the inner cavity of the valve body and completes gas-liquid premixing through a small amount of gas flowing back into the liquid buffer cavity through the lower liquid cavity channel, a gas-liquid mixture after the gas-liquid premixing collides with the gas in the lower liquid cavity channel to form a violent turbulent flow state, and finally the gas is sprayed out from the spray orifice of the atomizing nozzle to complete the flow fuzzy atomization process when the liquid flow is small; in addition, because the environmental pressure is lowered after the jet-out of the jet orifice, a small amount of bubbles included in the jet-out of the jet orifice are expanded and then broken, and an atomization effect is also generated; the working mode is a low-flow working mode of the atomizing nozzle, and atomized liquid drops with smaller particle sizes can be obtained in the working mode.
When the liquid flow flowing into the atomizing nozzle from the liquid inlet becomes larger, the pressure valve is in an automatic opening state, the Laval nozzle effect of the inner cavity of the valve body disappears, a large amount of liquid enters the liquid buffer cavity, a large amount of gas rushing into the liquid buffer cavity through the pore passage and gas entering the liquid buffer cavity through the lower liquid cavity channel through backflow complete gas-liquid premixing; the liquid buffer cavity mainly plays a role in buffering and premixing before excessive liquid enters the lower liquid cavity channel; a large amount of gas-liquid mixture after gas-liquid premixing collides with gas in a lower liquid cavity channel to form a violent turbulent flow state, and is finally sprayed out from a spray opening of an atomizing nozzle to finish the flow fuzzy atomization process when the liquid flow is large; meanwhile, a large amount of bubbles mixed in the jet flow sprayed by the spray opening are expanded and then broken to generate an atomization effect, and the atomization effect generated by the expansion and breakage of the bubbles becomes more obvious and important in the atomization process under the condition of large-flow liquid; the working mode is a high-flow working mode of the atomizing nozzle, and atomized liquid drops with larger grain diameters can be obtained by the working mode.
The atomization nozzle of the invention has the advantages that the flow rate of the liquid flowing into the atomization nozzle through the liquid inlet is in the extremely low flow rate range of 40-200 mg/s, the particle diameter of atomized liquid drops sprayed from the spray opening of the atomization nozzle is continuously distributed in the range of 1-2000 mu m, and the distribution of the particle diameter of the liquid drops is relatively even. On the premise of obtaining stable spraying, the spray nozzle of the invention improves the distribution range of the particle size of the fog drops by more than 10 times compared with the spray nozzle without the pressure valve. The atomizing nozzle can realize automatic continuous switching between two working modes of small flow and large flow by controlling the periodic transformation of the liquid flow and the pressure flowing into the liquid inlet in a certain range, can realize the atomizing effect of wide and continuous atomized liquid drops with wide and continuous particle size distribution and lower space water content under the condition of extremely low total liquid flow by adjusting the set threshold value automatically opened by the pressure valve and combining the change period control of the liquid flow and the pressure at the liquid inlet, and realizes the control of the particle size distribution and the space water content of the atomized liquid drops. As shown in fig. 3, during the opening and closing of the pressure valve, the pressure at the outlet of the pressure valve changes periodically and sharply, but after being buffered by the liquid buffer chamber, the pressure pulsation at the injection port is smooth, and the pressure basically does not fluctuate much and is stable.
Claims (10)
1. An atomizing nozzle capable of automatically adjusting working medium flow comprises a nozzle cap, a nozzle core, a nozzle cover, a pressure valve and a baffle ring; the nozzle cap is provided with a gas inlet, an upper gas cavity channel, a liquid inlet and an upper liquid cavity channel; a liquid buffer cavity is arranged inside the nozzle core; the pressure valve is arranged in a pressure valve cavity at the top of the nozzle core, a valve body of the pressure valve is positioned between the upper liquid cavity channel and the liquid buffer cavity, and the upper surface of the valve body is a surface bearing the pressure of the liquid; the pressure valve can be automatically opened and closed, the flow and the pressure of the liquid flowing into the liquid buffer cavity are automatically adjusted, and the atomizing nozzle is switched among different atomizing working modes.
2. The atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting working medium flow according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper part of the nozzle core is cylindrical, and a lower gas cavity channel is formed between the outer wall of the upper part of the nozzle core and the inner wall of the nozzle cover; the lower part of the nozzle core is in an inverted cone shape, and a gas buffer cavity is formed between the outer wall of the lower part of the nozzle core and the inner wall of the nozzle cover; the upper gas cavity channel, the lower gas cavity channel and the gas buffer cavity are communicated in sequence to form a first gas channel; the gas inlet is connected with the first gas channel; the drift diameter of the lower gas cavity channel is 1-2 mm.
3. The atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting working medium flow according to claim 1, characterized in that: a lower liquid cavity channel is also arranged in the nozzle core; the upper liquid cavity channel, the liquid buffer cavity and the lower liquid cavity channel are communicated in sequence to form a liquid channel; the liquid inlet is connected with the liquid channel; the drift diameter of the lower liquid cavity is 1-2 mm.
4. The atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting working medium flow according to claim 2, characterized in that: the valve body is of a two-piece structure, and the inner cavity of the valve body is of a Laval nozzle structure; the two valve bodies move transversely relative to each other to enable the pressure valve to be in an open or closed state; when the pressure valve is in a closed state, the upper liquid channel and the liquid buffer cavity are communicated through a throat part in the Laval nozzle structure.
5. The atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting working medium flow according to claim 4, characterized in that: the nozzle core is internally provided with 2 pore channels which transversely communicate the lower gas cavity channel with the liquid buffer cavity; the baffle ring is positioned in the baffle ring groove of the through-hole channel to cut off the channel; the baffle ring is provided with an air hole and can move up and down in the baffle ring groove; when the baffle ring moves downwards, the air hole is aligned with the pore channel, so that the pore channel is communicated; when the baffle ring moves upwards to reset, the air hole is separated from the alignment position of the pore channel, so that the pore channel is cut off.
6. The atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting working medium flow according to claim 5, characterized in that: a plurality of valve body springs are arranged on the periphery of the valve body, and the tail ends of the valve body springs are abutted against the inner wall of the pressure valve cavity; the valve body is positioned in the pressure valve cavity through the clamping piece; the clamping piece is a Z-shaped elastic part, and two ends of the clamping piece are provided with reverse bulges; one end of the card is protruded and pressed into the clamping groove at the bottom of the pressure valve cavity, the other end of the card is protruded and supported in the sliding groove at the bottom of the valve body, and the back of the protrusion supported in the sliding groove is pressed on the top of the baffle ring; a baffle ring spring is arranged between the bottom of the baffle ring and the bottom of the baffle ring groove; when the valve body moves transversely in the pressure valve cavity, the sliding groove at the bottom of the valve body extrudes and butts against the bulge in the sliding groove, so that the back of the bulge does downward pressing or upward lifting action, and the blocking ring is driven to correspondingly move up and down in the blocking ring groove.
7. The atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting working medium flow according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the pressure valve cavity is a conical surface, and the bottom angle of the conical surface ranges from 5 degrees to 30 degrees; the upper surface of the valve body is an inverted conical surface, and the bottom angle of the inverted conical surface ranges from 5 degrees to 30 degrees.
8. The atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting working medium flow according to claim 6, characterized in that: when the liquid pressure on the upper surface of the valve body reaches a set threshold value, the pressure valve is automatically opened, and the set threshold value depends on the elasticity of the card; the pressure valve is automatically opened or closed under the combined action of the liquid pressure and the elastic force of the card.
9. The atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting working medium flow according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the pressure valve is in a closed state, the drift diameter of the throat part in the Laval nozzle structure is 0.5-1.5 mm; when the pressure valve is in an open state, the transverse moving relative distance of the two valve bodies is within the range of 0.1-0.5 mm.
10. The atomizing nozzle for automatically adjusting working medium flow according to claim 6, characterized in that: 6-10 valve body springs; when the pressure valve is in a closed state, a distance is reserved between the starting end of the valve body spring and the outer peripheral surface of the valve body; when the pressure valve is in an opening state, the valve body spring has the function of controlling the transverse moving relative distance of the two valve bodies.
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| CN113457867B (en) | 2022-03-22 |
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