CN113456304A - 一种3d打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统 - Google Patents

一种3d打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统 Download PDF

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CN113456304A
CN113456304A CN202110551600.7A CN202110551600A CN113456304A CN 113456304 A CN113456304 A CN 113456304A CN 202110551600 A CN202110551600 A CN 202110551600A CN 113456304 A CN113456304 A CN 113456304A
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lining
femoral stem
femoral
hip joint
element layer
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张东兴
罗爱民
宋少堂
蒋鹏
陈立叶
黄馨
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Beijing Zhong An Tai Hua Science & Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Zhong An Tai Hua Science & Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本申请涉及医疗器械领域，尤其是涉及一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，其技术方案要点是：包括髋臼杯、第一内衬、第二内衬、股骨头以及股骨柄；第一内衬靠近第二内衬的表面、第二内衬靠近第一内衬的表面、第二内衬靠近股骨头的表面以及股骨头的表面均镀有碳元素层、锶元素层、钽元素层、银元素层、钛元素层、镁元素层或锌元素层中的一种；达到了减轻股骨头与第二内衬之间以及第二内衬与第一内衬之间的磨损，以减少碎屑的产生进而延长全髋关节的使用时间的目的。

Description

一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统
技术领域
本申请涉及医疗器械领域，尤其是涉及一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统。
背景技术
近年来，随着世界人口老龄化的不断加剧，关节置换的数量也在不断攀升，关节置换不仅给病人代来身体上的疼痛，同时也在经济上给病人造成了一定的压力，关节置换后假体的使用年限成了医生和病人最关心问题，目前市面上的全髋关节系统一般使用年限为10-20年；之后因为假体的松动就要进行二次的翻修手术，在次给病人代来身体上的疼痛以及经济上的压力。
相关技术中记载的一种全髋关节，包括依次设置的髋臼杯、第一内衬、第二内衬、股骨头以及股骨柄，髋臼杯、第一内衬以及第二内衬均为半球壳体状结构；髋臼杯粘结在第一内衬上，第一内衬罩设在第二内衬上且第一内衬的内球表面能够与第二内衬的外球表面发生相互滑动；第二内衬罩设在股骨头上且第二内衬的内球表面能够在股骨头上滑动；股骨头固定在股骨柄上；股骨柄插入至髓腔内部。
针对上述相关技术方案，发明人发现：股骨头和第二内衬之间以及第二内衬和第一内衬之间的长时间磨损，产生碎屑，从而导致股骨髓腔部位的骨溶解，致使股骨柄下沉，从而造成股骨柄与股骨头的间隙加大；此外，第一内衬与第二内衬之间的相互磨损也会造成使其失去了假体原有的功能丧失，使患者饱受髋关节脱位的痛苦，从而再次翻修。
发明内容
为了减轻股骨头与第二内衬之间以及第二内衬与第一内衬之间的磨损，以减少碎屑的产生进而延长全髋关节的使用时间，本申请提供一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统。
本申请提供的一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统采用如下的技术方案：
一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，包括髋臼杯、第一内衬、第二内衬、股骨头以及股骨柄；第一内衬靠近第二内衬的表面、第二内衬靠近第一内衬的表面、第二内衬靠近股骨头的表面以及股骨头的表面均镀有碳元素层、锶元素层、钽元素层、银元素层、钛元素层、镁元素层或锌元素层中的一种。
通过采用上述技术方案，当第一内衬与第二内衬相互转动或第二内衬与股骨头相互转动时，第一内衬与第二内衬之间以及第二内衬与股骨头之间相互滑动且相互摩擦；这些元素可以增加滑动接触的表面之间的光滑度，继而减少碎屑的产生从而降低骨溶解的几率，延长假体的使用时间。
优选的，髋臼杯和股骨柄均为与人体的松质骨骨小梁相同的三维空间网孔结构，且髋臼杯以及股骨柄的表面镀有碳元素、镁元素、锶元素、钽元素、银元素、钛元素、锌元素、磷酸锌钙、羟基磷灰石中的一种。
通过采用上述技术方案，三维空间网孔结构具有非常出色的骨长入效果，从而带来更加良好的康复效果。
优选的，股骨柄的外表面延伸设置有多个支撑块。
通过采用上述技术方案，与髓腔腔壁相抵接的支撑块能够对股骨柄起到支撑作用，即当股骨柄欲发生径向的倾倒或偏移时，由于支撑块与髓腔腔壁相抵接，进而能够阻碍股骨柄沿着自身径向偏移或发生倾倒，使股骨柄在髓腔内部的位置更加稳定。
优选的，股骨柄为内部中空且两端封闭的结构；股骨柄内部设置有调节杆，调节杆位于股骨柄内部的部分的直径沿着从靠近到远离股骨头的方向逐渐变小，支撑块与调节杆抵接；调节杆的两端分别与股骨柄相应的端部螺纹连接，且两端螺纹的螺距相等；支撑块贯穿股骨柄的外壁并与股骨柄滑动连接。
通过采用上述技术方案，由于人体之间的相互差异，髓腔内部的空间大小也不同；当髓腔较大时，转动调节杆使调节杆向靠近股骨头的方向移动，由于调节杆的直径沿着从靠近到远离股骨头的方向逐渐变小，进而调节杆能够推动支撑块向靠近髓腔腔壁的方向移动直至调节杆与髓腔腔壁抵接，进而实现了依据髓腔大小对股骨柄的支撑定位进行调节。
优选的，股骨柄远离股骨头的一端外部设置有多根膨胀条，多根膨胀条共同围成鼓形结构。
通过采用上述技术方案，膨胀条能够对股骨柄的位置进行进一步的支撑固定，进一步阻碍股骨柄发生径向的倾倒或偏移。
优选的，调节杆延伸至股骨柄远离股骨头的一端外部，调节杆远离股骨头的一端固定有调节块；调节块靠近股骨柄的一端转动连接有压块，压块与调节杆滑动连接，膨胀条的一端固定在股骨柄的端部且另一端固定在压块上。
通过采用上述技术方案，当髓腔较大时，转动调节杆的过程中，调节块随着调节杆向靠近股骨头的方向移动，调节块推动压块沿着调节杆的延伸方向向靠近股骨柄的方向滑动，此时膨胀条在压块与股骨柄的端部之间受压膨胀，直至膨胀条填充满股骨柄，进而实现依据髓腔大小对膨胀条的膨胀程度和形状进行调节。
优选的，第二内衬为高交联超高分子量聚乙烯材质的第二内衬。
通过采用上述技术方案，超高分子量聚乙烯具有超强的耐磨性，进而提高第二内衬的使用寿命和耐磨性。
优选的，第一内衬为钴铬合金或钛合金材质的第一内衬；股骨头为钴铬合金、钛合金或陶瓷材质的股骨头。
优选的，第一内衬靠近第二内衬的外表面上一体成型有多个限位块；髋臼杯上开设有多个与限位块一一对应并供限位块插入的限位槽。
通过采用上述技术方案，能够对髋臼杯与第一内衬之间的位置起到限制作用，进而使第一内衬在第二内衬上的转动以及髋臼杯在月状面内的转动同时进行，降低了第一内衬与髋臼杯相互转动的可能性。
优选的，第一内衬的外表面上一体成型有同轴设置的具有锥度的支撑台，支撑台的直径沿着从靠近到远离髋臼杯的方向逐渐变大；髋臼杯的内壁上开设有与支撑台相适配的支撑孔。
通过采用上述技术方案，支撑台与支撑孔的相互配合，对髋臼杯起到支撑作用，即髋臼杯与第一内衬之间相互受压时，具有锥度的支撑台能够产生轴向力进而更好地支撑髋臼杯，起到锁紧髋臼杯的作用；此外能够阻碍髋臼杯与第一内衬之间沿着与支撑台轴线呈夹角的方向相互转动。
综上所述，本申请具有以下技术效果：
1.通在过第一内衬靠近第二内衬的表面、第二内衬靠近第一内衬的表面、第二内衬靠近股骨头的表面以及股骨头的表面均镀有碳元素层、锶元素层、钽元素层、银元素层、钛元素层、镁元素层或锌元素层中的一种，增加滑动接触的表面之间的光滑度，继而减少聚乙烯碎屑的产生从而降低骨溶解的几率，延长假体的使用时间；
2.通过设置了支撑块，能够阻碍股骨柄沿着自身径向偏移或发生倾倒，使股骨柄在髓腔内部的位置更加稳定；
3.通过设置了膨胀条，膨胀条能够对股骨柄的位置进行进一步的支撑固定，进一步阻碍股骨柄发生径向的倾倒或偏移时。
附图说明
图1是实施例一中的双动全髋关节的整体结构图；
图2是实施例一与实施例二中的髋臼杯、第一内衬、第二内衬、股骨头以及股骨柄的连接爆炸示意图；
图3是实施例二中的双动全髋关节的整体结构图,图中的股骨柄处于剖开状态；
图4是图3中A处的局部放大图。
图中，1、髋臼杯；11、限位槽；12、支撑孔；2、第一内衬；21、限位块；22、支撑台；3、第二内衬；4、股骨头；5、股骨柄；6、支撑块；7、调节杆；8、膨胀条；9、调节块；10、压块；11、光杆。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本申请作进一步详细说明。
实施例一
参照图1和图2，本申请提供了一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，包括依次设置的髋臼杯1、第一内衬2、第二内衬3、股骨头4以及股骨柄5；髋臼杯1、第一内衬2以及第二内衬3均为半球壳体状结构；髋臼杯1的外球面嵌入至月状面内部且髋臼杯1的内球面粘结在第一内衬2上，第一内衬2罩设在第二内衬3上且第一内衬2的内球表面能够与第二内衬3的外球表面发生相互滑动；第二内衬3罩设在股骨头4上且第二内衬3的内球表面能够在股骨头4上滑动；股骨头4固定在股骨柄5上；股骨柄5插入至髓腔内部；第一内衬2采用钴铬合金或钛合金制成，股骨头4均采用钴铬合金、钛合金或陶瓷制成，以保证第一内衬2以及股骨头4的强度；第二内衬3采用高交联超高分子量聚乙烯制成，进而提高第二内衬3的耐磨性和使用寿命；髋臼杯1以及股骨柄5均采用3D打印的方法利用钛合金材料制成，髋臼杯1以及股骨柄5通过该种制造方式所形成的表面为与人体的松质骨小梁相同的三维空间网孔结构，具有非常出色的骨长入效果，从而带来更加良好的康复效果；此外，髋臼杯1以及股骨柄5的表面均镀有碳元素、镁元素、锶元素、钽元素、银元素、钛元素、锌元素、磷酸锌钙、羟基磷灰石中的一种，进而使髋臼杯具有一定的抗感染能力。
进一步的，第一内衬2靠近第二内衬3的表面、第二内衬3靠近第一内衬2的表面、第二内衬3靠近股骨头4的表面以及股骨头4的表面均采用物理气相沉积法、化学气相沉积法、离子注入法、氧化法、扩散法、电化学法、涂覆法或液相生长法等方法镀膜碳元素层、锶元素层、钽元素层、银元素层、钛元素层、镁元素层或锌元素层中的一种，这些元素可以增加相互滑动的各个表面之间的光滑度，减轻股骨头4与第二内衬3之间以及第二内衬3与第一内衬2之间的磨损，以减少碎屑的产生进而延长全髋关节的使用时间。
针对第一内衬2与髋臼杯1的连接处，第一内衬2靠近第二内衬3的端面处一体成型有四个沿着第一内衬2的轴线方向均匀分布的限位块21，限位块21沿着第一内衬2的径向延伸；髋臼杯1靠近第一内衬2的端面上开设有四个与限位块21一一对应的限位槽11；此外，第一内衬2的外表面靠近第二内衬3的一端一体成型有具有锥度的支撑台22，支撑台22与第一内衬2同轴设置，支撑台22的直径沿着从靠近到远离髋臼杯的方向逐渐变大；髋臼杯1的内表面开设有环形的与支撑台22相适配的支撑孔12；当髋臼杯1罩设在第一内衬2上时，限位块21插入至限位槽11内部，且支撑台22插入至支撑孔12内部。
当第一内衬2在第二内衬3上转动时，限位块21插入至限位槽11内部进而能够使第一内衬2带动髋臼杯1一同转动，髋臼杯1进而在月状面内部转动，从而阻碍第一内衬2与髋臼杯1发生相互转动；支撑台22与支撑孔12的相互配合，支撑台22能够产生轴向力以对髋臼杯1起到支撑作用，且当髋臼杯1受压时，支撑孔12的孔壁进一步压紧在支撑台22上，起到锁紧髋臼杯1的作用，此外能够阻碍髋臼杯1与第一内衬2之间沿着与支撑台22轴线呈夹角的方向相互转动。
至此，第二内衬3与第一内衬2之间以及第二内衬3与股骨头4之间均可以实现相互转动，进而实现了双动的效果，减少了关节活动面的磨损，同时又增加了关节面的活动角度。
实施例二
实施例二与实施例一的区别在于，参照图3和图4，股骨柄5为内部中空且两端封闭的柱状结构，股骨柄5的外壁上设置有多个沿着股骨柄5周向均匀分布的支撑块6，支撑块6沿着股骨柄5的径向延伸且支撑块6与股骨柄5的外壁滑动连接，即支撑块6能够沿着股骨柄5的径向移动；股骨柄5内部同轴设置有调节杆7，调节杆7的两端为圆柱形，且调节杆7靠近和远离股骨头4的一端分别与股骨柄5相应的端面螺纹连接，调节杆7两端的螺距相等；调节杆7位于股骨柄5内部的部分的直径沿着从靠近到远离股骨头4的方向逐渐变小，即调节杆7的中间部位为锥形结构，支撑块6靠近调节杆7的一端表面与调节杆7的锥形部分的外周面形状相适配并与调节杆7的周面抵接，支撑块6远离调节杆7的一端与髓腔腔壁相抵接。
支撑块6远离股骨柄5轴线的一端的初始位置位于股骨柄5的柄壁内部，将股骨柄5插入髓腔内部后，当需要将股骨柄5固定在髓腔内部时，转动调节杆7以使调节杆7向靠近股骨头4的方向移动，此时调节杆7的周面推动支撑块6不断向远离股骨柄5轴线的方向移动，即支撑块6远离股骨柄5轴线的一端不断向靠近髓腔腔壁的方向移动，直至支撑块6与髓腔腔壁相抵接，进而进而能够阻碍股骨柄5沿着自身径向偏移或发生倾倒，使股骨柄5在髓腔内部的位置更加稳定；此外，还能够根据人体的差异即髓腔的大小，通过调节杆7对支撑块6进行调节，提高了本申请的实用性和适用性。
更进一步的，调节杆7远离股骨头4的一端向股骨柄5外部延伸，且调节杆7延伸至股骨柄5外部的一端为圆柱形；股骨柄5上设置有与调节杆7固定连接的调节块9，调节块9位于股骨柄5远离股骨头4的一端，调节块9靠近股骨柄5的一端设置有与调节块9转动连接的压块10，进一步设置为，调节块9的轴向截面形状为T型，压块10靠近调节块9的一端开设有与调节块相适配的轴向截面形状为T型的滑槽，调节块9嵌入滑槽内部并能够与滑槽的槽壁相互滑动，进而实现调节块9与压块10之间的转动连接；此外，为了防止压块10随着调节块9一同转动，贯穿压块10设置有一个光杆11，光杆11靠近股骨头4的一端与股骨柄5固定连接，压块10与光杆11滑动连接；压块10与股骨柄5之间设置有多个围绕调节杆7的轴线均匀分布且具有弹性的膨胀条8，膨胀条8的一端与股骨柄5固定连接且膨胀条8远离股骨柄5的一端与压块10的端面固定连接。
在转动调节杆7的同时，压块10沿着调节杆7的延伸方向向靠近股骨柄5的方向移动，此时膨胀条8在髓腔内部受压并向相互远离的方向发生形变，此时多个膨胀条8构成鼓状的结构并填充在髓腔内部，膨胀条8能够对股骨柄5的位置进行进一步的支撑固定，进一步阻碍股骨柄5发生径向的倾倒或偏移。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释，其并不是对本申请的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (10)

1.一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，包括髋臼杯(1)、第一内衬(2)、第二内衬(3)、股骨头(4)以及股骨柄(5)；其特征在于：第一内衬(2)靠近第二内衬(3)的表面、第二内衬(3)靠近第一内衬(2)的表面、第二内衬(3)靠近股骨头(4)的表面以及股骨头(4)的表面均镀有碳元素层、锶元素层、钽元素层、银元素层、钛元素层、镁元素层或锌元素层中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，其特征在于：髋臼杯(1)和股骨柄(5)均为与人体的松质骨骨小梁相同的三维空间网孔结构，且髋臼杯(1)以及股骨柄(5)的表面镀有碳元素、镁元素、锶元素、钽元素、银元素、钛元素、锌元素、磷酸锌钙、羟基磷灰石中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，其特征在于：股骨柄(5)的外表面延伸设置有多个支撑块(6)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，其特征在于：股骨柄(5)为内部中空且两端封闭的结构；股骨柄(5)内部设置有调节杆(7)，调节杆(7)位于股骨柄(5)内部的部分的直径沿着从靠近到远离股骨头(4)的方向逐渐变小，支撑块(6)与调节杆(7)抵接；调节杆(7)的两端分别与股骨柄(5)相应的端部螺纹连接，且两端螺纹的螺距相等；支撑块(6)贯穿股骨柄(5)的外壁并与股骨柄(5)滑动连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，其特征在于：股骨柄(5)远离股骨头(4)的一端外部设置有多根膨胀条(8)，多根膨胀条(8)共同围成鼓形结构。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，其特征在于：调节杆(7)延伸至股骨柄(5)远离股骨头(4)的一端外部，调节杆(7)远离股骨头(4)的一端固定有调节块(9)；调节块(9)靠近股骨柄(5)的一端转动连接有压块(10)，压块(10)与调节杆(7)滑动连接，膨胀条(8)的一端固定在股骨柄(5)的端部且另一端固定在压块(10)上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，其特征在于：第二内衬(3)为高交联超高分子量聚乙烯材质的第二内衬(3)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，其特征在于：第一内衬(2)为钴铬合金或钛合金材质的第一内衬(2)；股骨头(4)为钴铬合金、钛合金或陶瓷材质的股骨头(4)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，其特征在于：第一内衬(2)靠近第二内衬(3)的外表面上一体成型有多个限位块(21)；髋臼杯(1)上开设有多个与限位块(21)一一对应并供限位块(21)插入的限位槽(11)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统，其特征在于：第一内衬(2)的外表面上一体成型有同轴设置的具有锥度的支撑台(22)，支撑台(22)的直径沿着从靠近到远离髋臼杯的方向逐渐变大；沿着髋臼杯(1)的内壁上开设有与支撑台(22)相适配的支撑孔(12)。
CN202110551600.7A 2021-05-20 2021-05-20 一种3d打印双动高耐磨全髋关节系统 Pending CN113456304A (zh)

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