CN113456136A

CN113456136A - Retractor for general surgery department

Info

Publication number: CN113456136A
Application number: CN202110932451.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘荣捷
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-08-13
Filing date: 2021-08-13
Publication date: 2021-10-01

Abstract

The invention relates to a general surgery surgical instrument and discloses a general surgery retractor which comprises a left movable block, a right movable block, a left support arm, a right support arm and an opening mechanism, wherein a left pulling hook is fixed on the left support arm, a right pulling hook is fixed on the right support arm, the left movable block and the right movable block form splicing fit through an inserting column and an inserting hole, the end parts of the left pulling hook and the right pulling hook extend towards two opposite directions, and the left movable block and the right movable block realize relative motion through the opening mechanism; the mechanically-adjusted distractor can realize self-locking of the wound support under the action of the thread structure, so that the distractor is not easy to loosen in the use process, and the operation of medical personnel is facilitated; the replaceable structure enables the spreader to adjust the number of the left-handed hooks or the right-handed hooks according to the size of the operation wound, so that the wound is better supported.

Description

Retractor for general surgery department

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of surgical instruments for general surgery department, in particular to a retractor for general surgery department.

Background

In the process of operation, superficial tissues need to be cut so as to facilitate medical staff to perform operation on deep tissues of the living body. In this procedure, it is generally necessary to dilate the incised superficial tissue in order to facilitate the treatment of the tissue.

For the expansion of superficial tissues, a retractor (also called retractor) is commonly used to pull open the cut superficial tissues to both sides, and the retractor is an instrument for retracting tissues and exposing the range of the operation, which is convenient for probing and operating. For example, the utility model discloses a chinese utility model of bulletin number CN212729875U discloses a novel department of general surgery's operation drag hook, including the operation draw hook rod, the one end of operation draw hook rod is provided with the hitch plate, the one end of hitch plate is passed through the welding and is connected with the one end of operation draw hook rod, the surface of hitch plate is provided with hitch plate groove, the other end of hitch plate is provided with spacing ball connecting rod, spacing ball connecting rod and hitch plate formula structure as an organic whole, the one end of spacing ball connecting rod is provided with spacing ball, spacing ball is through gluing the one end of installing at spacing ball connecting rod.

With respect to the related art among the above, the inventors consider that the following drawbacks exist: the surgical retractor needs hands to hold the hook ring or the handle in the use process, when the surgery is carried out for a long time, medical personnel can feel tired when holding the surgical retractor for a long time, and the force application to the surgical retractor is insufficient, so that the surgical operation of doctors on patients is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a general surgical retractor for reducing looseness of a draw hook in a surgical process.

The invention provides a general surgery retractor which adopts the following technical scheme:

a general surgical retractor comprises

The center of the left loose piece is provided with a jack for matching;

one end of the right loose piece is provided with an inserting column;

the left support arm is fixed on the left loose piece, and one end, far away from the left loose piece, of the left support arm is provided with a left hook used for hooking wound tissues;

the right support arm is fixed on the right loose piece, and one end of the right support arm, which is far away from the right loose piece, is provided with a right take-off hook;

the mouth opening mechanism is used for driving the left movable block and the right movable block to move relatively so as to adjust the distance between the left grabbing hook and the right grabbing hook;

wherein, form the grafting cooperation through inserting post and jack between left loose piece and the right loose piece, the tip orientation opposite two directions of left side take off the hook and the right side is taken off the hook and is extended.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during the use, take off the hook with the right side earlier and take off the hook and take place in wound department, can adjust the distance between left loose piece and the right loose piece through opening a mouthful mechanism, and left loose piece and right loose piece are at the in-process that produces relative motion, can drive left support arm and right support arm and produce relative motion, and then make left take off the hook and take off the hook with the right side and open the operation wound to both sides, and open a mouthful mechanism under the condition of no exogenic action, can keep motionless, make the retractor be difficult to take place to become flexible at the operation in-process, thereby make medical personnel can carry out the operation better. The retractor with the structure not only ensures the stability of wound support, but also can release the hands of medical staff, thereby being beneficial to reducing the workload of the medical staff.

Optionally, the one end of left loose piece is provided with the limited rotation piece, the limit groove that is used for supplying the limit rotation piece embedding is offered to the one end that right loose piece is close to the inserted column, limit rotation piece and limit rotation groove mutually support in order to restrict the relative rotation between left loose piece and the right loose piece.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, left loose piece and right loose piece can restrict relative rotation through the cooperation of limit commentaries on classics piece and limit commentaries on classics groove, and the retractor is difficult to take place the dislocation at the in-process that supports the wound like this for left side is taken off the hook or the right side is taken off the hook and is difficult to throw off from the wound department at the application in-process, thereby makes medical personnel can carry out the operation better.

Optionally, the mouth opening mechanism comprises

The two ends of the stop clamp are respectively clamped on the left loose piece and the right loose piece;

two opening rings are arranged and are respectively installed on the left movable block and the right movable block in a threaded manner;

the opening piece is arranged on the stop clamp, is positioned between the two opening rings and is used for driving the two opening rings to rotate;

wherein, two opening rings are positioned between the clamping feet at the two ends of the stop clamp so that the clamping feet can block the axial displacement of the opening rings along the inserting column.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the end position card is used for spacing opening ring on the one hand, prevent opening ring to produce along inserting the axial displacement of post, on the other hand end position card provides the installation carrier for opening the piece, make opening the piece can provide rotary drive power to opening the ring, and opening ring and left loose piece, be screw-thread fit between the right loose piece, relative rotation between left loose piece and the right loose piece is retrained again simultaneously, consequently opening the ring at rotatory in-process, can order about left loose piece and right loose piece and keep away from relatively or be close to relatively, thereby reach the purpose of adjusting the distance between left side take off the hook and the right take off the hook, and after the regulation is accomplished, the screw-thread fit form has the auto-lock effect, can fix the relative distance between left loose piece and the right loose piece, thereby make the retractor can the stable support wound.

Optionally, the flaring piece is a gear, the gear is rotatably installed on the stopping card, one surfaces of the two flaring rings opposite to each other are provided with transmission teeth, and the gear is located between the two flaring rings and is meshed with the transmission teeth on the two flaring rings simultaneously.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the gear can transmit moment, because the gear forms the meshing simultaneously with two opening ring, consequently at the rotatory in-process of gear, can order about two opening pieces through the meshing transmission and produce rotatoryly, and then reach the purpose of adjusting relative distance between left loose piece and the right loose piece.

Optionally, the left support arm and the right support arm are of split type structures and specifically comprise

One end of the mounting part is fixed on the left support arm or the right support arm, and the other end of the mounting part is provided with a matching column;

the replacing head is arranged on the mounting part and is in plug-in fit with the matching column;

wherein, left side is taken off the hook or the right hook is taken off and is set up on the replacement head to change the adaptation shape of left side is taken off the hook or the right hook is taken off to the wound through changing the replacement head.

For the operation, the doctor can be different according to the condition of patient, and through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, with left support arm and right support arm components of a whole that can function independently setting up the back for medical personnel can change the replacement head according to the size of wound to change the overhead left side of replacement and take off the quantity of hook or the right side of taking off the hook, thereby support the wound better.

Optionally, the one end that the replacement head is used for forming the grafting with the installation department is provided with inserts protrudingly, and inserts protruding side and seted up the bayonet socket, offer the annular that is used for supplying to insert the slot of protruding embedding and is linked together with the slot on the installation department, the slot is located between annular and the cooperation post, install rotatory ring in the annular, be provided with the pothook on the rotatory ring, after inserting protruding embedding slot, the pothook is embedded into to inserting protruding bayonet socket of going up along with rotatory rotation of ring.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, insert the cooperation of protruding and annular, mainly used restriction replaces the relative rotation between head and the installation department, and the pothook then mainly used restriction is inserted protruding and is deviate from in the slot, when the pothook imbeds to inserting the bayonet on protruding along with the rotation of rotatory ring in, the pothook can catch and insert protruding, restriction replacement head drops from the cooperation post to make and replace and can form stable connection between head and the installation department.

It is optional, offer the holding mouth that is used for supplying the pothook activity on the installation department, the holding mouth is located communicating corner between slot and the annular, the mounting hole has been seted up on the inner wall that the holding mouth is close to cooperation post one side, set up on the lateral wall of installation department with mounting hole intercommunication and length direction be on a parallel with the mounting hole depth direction stir the groove, install in the mounting hole and end the position piece, end and be fixed with on the position piece and stir the piece, and stir the piece and wear to locate in stirring the groove and protrusion outside stirring the groove.

Rotating ring probably produces the reversal at the operation in-process, lead to the pothook and insert protruding emergence unhook, through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, after the pothook becomes the joint with inserting the convex, the pothook can give way the intercommunication mouth between mounting hole and the holding mouth, can release the mounting hole with the stopper through dialling the piece this moment, make the stopper stop in the pothook one side of inserting the protruding back to the rotatory ring reversal of restriction, thereby make rotatory ring to inserting protruding restraint and can play the effect for a long time.

Optionally, be provided with in the mounting hole and be used for promoting the shell fragment that the stopper moved towards rotatory ring movement, just be located on the installation department and stir and set up the transverse groove that extends along installation department circumference between groove and the cooperation post, install the spacer that slides along the transverse groove on the installation department, the one end that the spacer is close to stirring the groove is formed with the location hook, when the stopper moves the one end that the groove is close to the cooperation post, the location hook makes location hook and stirring piece form to collude and takes towards slot motion back.

When the insertion projection does not enter the slot, the rotating ring is likely to deflect due to error touch, so that the stop block is ejected out of the mounting hole under the action of the elastic sheet, the matching of the insertion projection and the slot is influenced, medical personnel need to push and press the toggle block when using the retractor, the operation steps are increased, by adopting the technical scheme, when the insertion projection does not enter the slot, the positioning hook on the positioning plate and the poking block on the stop block form a hook, which is equivalent to have a safety function on the stop block and limit the stop block to be ejected out of the mounting hole until the insertion projection is embedded into the slot, when the rotating ring rotates to enable the hook to be embedded into the bayonet on the inserting projection, the stop block can be ejected out of the mounting hole under the action of the elastic sheet through the hooking of the unlocking positioning sheet to the poking block, the rotation of the hook forms a block, thereby facilitating the assembly of the replacement head and the installation part when the medical staff use.

Optionally, guide grooves are formed in two inner walls, opposite to each other, of the transverse groove, a connecting block is fixed on the positioning plate, spring plungers are installed on two sides of the connecting block respectively, and the spring plungers on two sides of the connecting block are embedded into the guide grooves in the two inner walls of the transverse groove respectively.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt spring plunger to be connected with the installation department with the connecting block, spring plunger can stretch out and draw back on the one hand, can make things convenient for the installation of spacer, on the other hand, spring plunger's form makes the connecting block can produce relative rotation with the installation department, make the spacer at the in-process along transverse groove removal, the orbit can be on a parallel with the circumference lateral wall of installation department, so that have higher laminating degree between spacer and the installation department, thereby reduce the protruding sense of spacer on the installation department and scrape in order to alleviate the use in the drawing of human body.

Optionally, a trigger block is fixed on the connecting block, a trigger inclined plane is formed on one side of the trigger block, which faces away from the rotating ring, and the insertion protrusion on the replacement head abuts against the trigger inclined plane and pushes the connecting block to move along the guide groove when entering the slot.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the location hook on the spacer forms to collude with stirring the piece and take, trigger the piece and have the part to be located the slot, at the in-process of installation replacement head, when replacing overhead inserting protruding entering slot in, can with trigger the inclined plane inconsistent and promote the connecting block along the guide way motion, at this in-process, the location hook breaks off with stirring the piece, stop the piece and lose the restraint this moment, can be under the promotion of shell fragment and counterbalance tightly with the pothook, until the pothook commentaries on classics open and with inserting convex one-tenth joint, stop the piece can pop out from the mounting hole automatically, trigger the existence of piece, make the start-up of stopping the piece need not artificial intervention, can automatic trigger when replacing head and installation department connection, thereby make things convenient for replacing head and the being connected of installation department.

In conclusion, the mechanically adjustable distractor can realize self-locking of the wound support under the action of the thread structure, so that the distractor is not easy to loosen in the use process, and the operation of medical staff is facilitated; the replaceable structure enables the spreader to adjust the number of the left-handed hooks or the right-handed hooks according to the size of the operation wound, so that the wound is better supported.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the retractor disclosed herein;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the retractor disclosed herein;

FIG. 3 is a partial schematic structural view of a mounting portion and replacement head of the disclosed retractor;

fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view at a in fig. 3.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a left loose piece; 11. inserting a column; 12. a rotation limiting groove; 2. a right loose piece; 21. a rotation limiting block; 3. a left support arm; 31. an installation part; 311. a slot; 312. a ring groove; 313. an accommodating port; 32. replacing the head; 33. a mating post; 34. a left hook; 4. a right support arm; 41. a right hook; 5. a mouth opening mechanism; 51. stopping the position card; 511. clamping a pin; 52. a mouth opening ring; 521. a transmission gear; 53. a mouth-opening piece; 531. screwing the head; 6. inserting the convex part; 61. a bayonet; 7. a rotating ring; 71. a hook; 8. mounting holes; 81. a stop block; 82. a shifting block; 83. a spring plate; 9. a poking groove; 10. a transverse slot; 101. a guide groove; 20. positioning plates; 201. a positioning hook; 202. connecting blocks; 203. a spring plunger; 30. a trigger block; 301. triggering the ramp.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-4.

The embodiment of the application discloses department of general surgery's retractor, refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2, including left loose piece 1, right loose piece 2, left support arm 3, right support arm 4 and opening a mouthful mechanism 5, left loose piece 1 is the ladder cylindricly, and wherein one section that the diameter is less is for inserting post 11, and another section surface has the screw thread, has seted up a plurality of length direction along inserting 11 axially extended restricted turn grooves 12 of post at the great one section of 1 diameter of left loose piece and near the one end of inserting post 11 simultaneously. Right loose piece 2 is the ring pipe form, and on the post 11 was located to the cover, also offered threaded at the surface of right loose piece 2, is provided with simultaneously at right loose piece 2 towards one side an organic whole of limit groove 12 and is used for with limit groove 12 complex limit commentaries on classics piece 21, when limit commentaries on classics piece 21 and limit groove 12 formation cooperation, can retrain the relative rotation between left loose piece 1 and the right loose piece 2.

The opening mechanism 5 is used for adjusting the distance between the left movable block 1 and the right movable block 2, specifically, the opening mechanism 5 comprises a stop clamp 51, an opening ring 52 and an opening piece 53, and two clamp feet 511 of the stop clamp 51 are respectively clamped on the left movable block 1 and the right movable block 2. The two opening rings 52 are arranged and are in a ring pipe shape, the inner walls of the two opening rings are provided with threads, the two opening rings 52 are respectively in threaded connection with the left movable block 1 and the right movable block 2 and are abutted against the inner sides of the clamping feet 511 of the stop clamps 51, and the opposite surfaces of the two opening rings 52 are provided with transmission teeth 521.

The gear is selected to mouth piece 53, mouth piece 53 rotates and installs on ending card 51, and be located between two card feet 511 of ending card 51, the both sides of mouth piece 53 form the meshing with the driving tooth 521 on two mouth rings 52 respectively, thereby at the rotatory in-process of mouth piece 53, can drive two mouth rings 52 rotatory, and mouth ring 52 is at rotatory in-process, rethread threaded connection drives left loose piece 1 and right loose piece 2 and is close to each other or keep away from, and then realizes the regulating effect.

In order to facilitate the screwing of the mouth piece 53, a screwing head 531 is fixed at one end of the rotating shaft of the mouth piece 53, which penetrates through the stop card 51, and the arrangement of the screwing head 531 increases the contact area of the medical staff to the rotating shaft of the gear, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the mouth piece 53.

On left support arm 3 was fixed in left loose piece 1, on right support arm 4 was fixed in right loose piece 2, and left support arm 3 and right support arm 4 were split type structure, and is specific, and left support arm 3 and right support arm 4 all include installation department 31 and replacement head 32, and installation department 31 is shaft-like, respectively is fixed with an installation department 31 on left loose piece 1 and the right loose piece 2, and the cantilever end an organic whole of installation department 31 is provided with cooperation post 33. The replacing head 32 is mounted on the mounting part 31 in a manner of forming a plug-in fit with the fitting column 33, a left hook 34 is fixed on the replacing head 32 of the left arm 3, a right hook 41 is fixed on the replacing head 32 of the right arm 4, and the ends of the left hook 34 and the right hook 41 extend in opposite directions.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in order to better realize the connection between the replacement head 32 and the mounting portion 31, an insertion protrusion 6 is disposed at one end of the replacement head 32 for forming an insertion connection with the mounting portion 31, and a bayonet 61 is disposed at a side edge of the insertion protrusion 6. Correspondingly, the mounting portion 31 is provided with a slot 311 for the insertion of the insertion protrusion 6 and a ring groove 312 communicated with the slot 311, after the slot is opened, the slot 311 is positioned between the ring groove 312 and the matching column 33, and meanwhile, an accommodating opening 313 for the movement of the hook 71 is formed at the communicated corner between the slot 311 and the ring groove 312.

In order to restrain the insertion protrusion 6, a rotating ring 7 is installed in the annular groove 312 of the mounting portion 31, a hook 71 is fixed on the rotating ring 7, the hook 71 is located in the accommodating opening 313, when the insertion protrusion 6 is inserted into the insertion groove 311 and the bayonet 61 is aligned with the hook 71, the hook 71 can be inserted into the bayonet 61 to hook the insertion protrusion 6 by rotating the rotating ring 7, and therefore the replacement head 32 is limited from falling off from the mounting portion 31.

For limiting the hook 71 and inserting the protruding 6 unhooking, the mounting hole 8 has been seted up on the inner wall that the holding mouth 313 is close to cooperation post 33 one side, set up simultaneously on the lateral wall of installation department 31 with the mounting hole 8 be linked together and length direction is on a parallel with mounting hole 8 depth direction's striking groove 9, install shell fragment 83 and stop block 81 in the mounting hole 8, during the installation, put into the mounting hole 8 bottom with the shell fragment 83 earlier, then will stop block 81 and pack into mounting hole 8 and form the extrusion to the shell fragment 83, be fixed with on the stop block 81 and dial piece 82, and dial piece 82 wears to locate in the striking groove 9 and the protrusion outside striking groove 9.

When the hook 71 is accommodated in the accommodating opening 313, the hook 71 blocks the mounting hole 8, the limiting stop card 51 is ejected from the mounting hole 8 until the hook 71 is rotated and forms a hook with the insertion protrusion 6, the hook 71 is rotated and then exposes out of the mounting hole 8, and the stop block 81 is ejected under the driving of the elastic sheet 83 to block the hook 71 from rotating, so that the purpose of limiting the hook 71 and the insertion protrusion 6 from being separated is achieved.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in order to reduce the rotation of the hook 71 caused by the error touch when the insertion protrusion 6 does not enter the insertion slot 311, a transverse groove 10 extending along the circumferential direction of the installation portion 31 and communicating with the insertion slot 311 is formed on the installation portion 31 and between the toggle groove 9 and the matching column 33, guide grooves 101 are formed on two inner walls of the transverse groove 10 opposite to each other, a positioning piece 20 sliding along the guide grooves 101 is installed on the installation portion 31, and a positioning hook 201 is formed at one end of the positioning piece 20 close to the toggle groove 9.

The positioning plate 20 and the guide groove 101 are specifically matched in a manner that a connecting block 202 with the size smaller than the depth of the transverse groove 10 is fixed on the positioning plate 20, spring plungers 203 are respectively installed on two sides of the connecting block 202, and the spring plungers 203 on two sides of the connecting block 202 are respectively embedded into the two guide grooves 101, so that the positioning plate 20 is connected with the installation part 31.

Meanwhile, in order to improve the portability of mounting the replacement head 32, the trigger block 30 is fixed to the connection block 202, and a trigger inclined surface 301 is formed on a side of the trigger block 30 opposite to the rotary ring 7. When the replacement head 32 is not matched with the mounting part 31, the toggle block 82 is located at one end of the toggle groove 9 close to the matching column 33, at this time, the positioning hook 201 and the toggle block 82 can be hooked, the stop block 81 is limited to be popped out from the mounting hole 8, when the insertion protrusion 6 on the replacement head 32 enters the slot 311, the insertion protrusion 6 on the replacement head 32 is abutted to the trigger inclined plane 301 and pushes the connecting block 202 to move along the guide groove 101, so that the positioning hook 201 and the toggle block 82 are unhooked, at this time, the rotating ring 7 is rotated, so that the hook 71 is embedded into the bayonet 61, the stop block 81 can be automatically popped out under the driving of the elastic sheet 83, and the return blocking is formed on the hook 71, thereby facilitating the connection between the replacement head 32 and the mounting part 31.

The implementation principle of the retractor for general surgery department in the embodiment of the application is as follows: when the wound opening device is used, the left hook 34 and the right hook 41 are hooked at the wound opening, the opening piece 53 is screwed through the screwing head 531, the distance between the left movable block 1 and the right movable block 2 is increased, and the left movable block 1 and the right movable block 2 drive the left support arm 3 and the right support arm 4 to be separated towards two sides in the moving process, so that the wound is opened. The form of this kind of screw thread regulation has self-locking nature, can lock the relative position between left loose piece 1 and the right loose piece 2 at any time at the in-process of adjusting, consequently is difficult to take place to become flexible at the operation in-process to make medical personnel can carry out the operation better.

The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A general surgical retractor, comprising: comprises that

The center of the left loose piece (1) is provided with a jack for matching;

one end of the right loose piece (2) is provided with an inserting column (11);

the left support arm (3) is fixed on the left loose piece (1), and a left hook (34) used for hooking wound tissues is arranged at one end far away from the left loose piece (1);

the right support arm (4) is fixed on the right movable block (2), and one end far away from the right movable block (2) is provided with a right take-off hook (41);

the mouth opening mechanism (5) is used for driving the left movable block (1) and the right movable block (2) to move relatively so as to adjust the distance between the left grabbing hook (34) and the right grabbing hook (41);

wherein, the left loose piece (1) and the right loose piece (2) form a splicing fit through the inserting column (11) and the inserting hole, and the end parts of the left hook (34) and the right hook (41) extend towards two opposite directions.

2. A general surgical retractor according to claim 1, wherein: the one end of left side loose piece (1) is provided with limited commentaries on classics piece (21), limit commentaries on classics groove (12) that are used for supplying limit commentaries on classics piece (21) embedding are offered to right side loose piece (2) near the one end of inserting post (11), limit commentaries on classics piece (21) and limit commentaries on classics groove (12) mutually support in order to limit the relative rotation between left loose piece (1) and right loose piece (2).

3. A general surgical retractor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the mouth opening mechanism (5) comprises

The two ends of the stop clamp (51) are respectively clamped on the left loose piece (1) and the right loose piece (2);

two opening rings (52) are arranged and are respectively installed on the left movable block (1) and the right movable block (2) in a threaded manner;

the opening piece (53) is arranged on the stop card (51), is positioned between the two opening rings (52), and is used for driving the two opening rings (52) to rotate;

the two opening rings (52) are positioned between the clamping feet (511) at the two ends of the stop clamp (51) so that the clamping feet (511) can block the axial displacement of the opening rings (52) along the insertion column (11).

4. A general surgical retractor according to claim 3, wherein: the mouth piece (53) is a gear, the gear is rotatably installed on the stop card (51), one surfaces of the two mouth rings (52) opposite to each other are provided with transmission teeth (521), and the gear is located between the two mouth rings (52) and is meshed with the transmission teeth (521) on the two mouth rings (52) simultaneously.

5. A general surgical retractor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the left support arm (3) and the right support arm (4) are of split type structures and specifically comprise

A mounting part (31), one end of which is fixed on the left support arm (3) or the right support arm (4), and the other end of which is provided with a matching column (33);

the replacing head (32) is arranged on the mounting part (31) and forms a plug fit with the matching column (33);

wherein, left take off hook (34) or right take off hook (41) set up on replacing head (32) to change left take off hook (34) or right take off hook (41) to the adaptation shape of wound through changing replacing head (32).

6. A general surgical retractor according to claim 5, wherein: replace first (32) and be used for forming the one end of pegging graft with installation department (31) and be provided with and insert protruding (6), and insert protruding (6) side and seted up bayonet socket (61), offer slot (311) that are used for supplying to insert protruding (6) embedding and annular (312) that are linked together with slot (311) on installation department (31), slot (311) are located annular (312) and insert between post (11), install rotatory ring (7) in annular (312), be provided with pothook (71) on rotatory ring (7), insert protruding (6) embedding slot (311) after, pothook (71) are embedded into to inserting bayonet socket (61) on protruding (6) along with the rotation of rotatory ring (7).

7. A general surgical retractor according to claim 6, wherein: offer holding mouth (313) that is used for supplying pothook (71) to move about on installation department (31), holding mouth (313) are located communicating corner between slot (311) and annular (312), mounting hole (8) have been seted up on holding mouth (313) is close to the inner wall of cooperation post (33) one side, set up on the lateral wall of installation department (31) and be linked together with mounting hole (8) and length direction is on a parallel with mounting hole (8) depth direction stir groove (9), install stop block (81) in mounting hole (8), be fixed with on stop block (81) and dial movable block (82), and dial movable block (82) and wear to locate in stir groove (9) and protrusion outside stir groove (9).

8. A general surgical retractor according to claim 7, wherein: be provided with in mounting hole (8) and be used for promoting only position piece (81) towards shell fragment (83) that rotatory ring (7) moved, install department (31) go up and be located stir and offer transverse groove (10) along installation department (31) circumference extension between groove (9) and cooperation post (33), install spacer (20) that slide along transverse groove (10) on installation department (31), one end that spacer (20) are close to stir groove (9) is formed with positioning hook (201), when stirring piece (82) and moving groove (9) and being close to the one end of cooperation post (33), positioning hook (201) make positioning hook (201) and stirring piece (82) form to collude and take after slot (311) motion towards positioning hook (201).

9. A general surgical retractor according to claim 8, wherein: guide grooves (101) are formed in two opposite inner walls of the transverse groove (10), a connecting block (202) is fixed on the positioning plate (20), spring plungers (203) are installed on two sides of the connecting block (202) respectively, and the spring plungers (203) on two sides of the connecting block (202) are embedded into the guide grooves (101) in the two inner walls of the transverse groove (10) respectively.

10. A general surgical retractor according to claim 9, wherein: a trigger block (30) is fixed on the connecting block (202), a trigger inclined plane (301) is arranged on one side, back to the rotating ring (7), of the trigger block (30), and when an insertion protrusion (6) on the replacement head (32) enters the insertion slot (311), the insertion protrusion is abutted to the trigger inclined plane (301) and pushes the connecting block (202) to move along the guide slot (101).