CN113452942A - 4k resolution video image preprocessing method for digital micromirror chip - Google Patents
4k resolution video image preprocessing method for digital micromirror chip Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
- H04N7/0125—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level one of the standards being a high definition standard
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preprocessing a 4k resolution video image aiming at a digital micromirror chip, which not only realizes the projection function of a 4k ultra-high definition video source on the digital micromirror chip with 2716 × 1528 resolution, but also conforms to the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) operation logic, can perform shorter time delay with less resource overhead, and further reduces projection delay. The method has strong practical value in the field of ultra-high-definition video image projection of the digital micromirror chip.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultra-high-definition digital micromirror chip projection, in particular to a method for carrying out block calculation on an image so as to interpolate the ultra-high-definition image, so that a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) can carry out full low-delay and low-overhead processing, and is suitable for a projection system with a 2716 × 1528 resolution of a digital micromirror chip.
Background
With the gradual improvement of the quality of life of people, the demand for large images is increasing. Projection is the only display technique that proves to offer a large image size of 4k at a reasonable price, as in the day.
The digital micromirror chip is a core component of DLP projection, and is essentially a reflective optical switch. The projector with the ultra high definition 3840 by 2716 resolution needs a digital micromirror chip with 3840 by 2160 resolution. Each pixel point corresponds to one digital micromirror unit, that is, more than eight hundred thousand micromirror units are arranged on 1 digital micromirror chip with 3840 × 2160 resolution. This places extremely high demands on the manufacturing process of the chip itself, especially on the MEMS process. If one unit in more than eight hundred thousand units is damaged in the manufacturing process, the whole chip cannot be normally used, and the manufacturing yield of the chip is low. Therefore, most of the digital micromirror chips used for 4k projection in the market are 2716 × 1528 resolution digital micromirror chips and 1920 × 1080 resolution digital micromirror chips, and then 120 frames or 240 frames per second display is realized through a vibrating mirror, so that 4k ultrahigh definition resolution splicing in projection is performed.
If a 1920 x 1080 resolution digital micromirror chip is used, the four adjacent pixels in the 3840 x 2160 image can be directly assigned to four distinct 1920 x 1080 resolution pictures.
If 2716-1528 resolution digital micromirror chip is used, the chip faces
Doubling the difficulty of sampling. And when the digital micromirror chip is driven, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is used, if the direct real-time calculation is carried out, the calculation amount is overlarge, the delay is serious, and the RAM resource is not enough to support, so that the limitation of cache and delay can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preprocessing method for image processing of a 4k resolution video source of a digital micromirror chip, and aims to perform low-delay, low-cache occupation, high-speed and high-efficiency video image processing after an image is blocked by a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
The specific technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a4 k resolution video image preprocessing method for a digital micromirror chip comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: acquiring video data from a computer with 3840 × 2160 display resolution through an HDMI interface and performing hardware video decoding; the specific process is as follows: sending a computer video with 3840 × 2160 display resolution into a GSV2011 video processing chip through an HDMI (high-definition multimedia interface), decoding the video by the GSV2011 video processing chip into 3840 × 2160 pixel points and displaying the color of the video as RGB888 video data;
step 2: dividing an image with 3840 × 2160 resolution in one frame of video data into 10 pixels and one unit; the method specifically comprises the following steps: 3840 pixel points in each row are 384 horizontal units, and each unit comprises 10 pixels; each row of 2160 pixel points is 216 vertical units, and each unit has 10 pixels;
and step 3: performing line interpolation on 10 pixels of each unit to obtain 384 units; the number of pixels in each line of the video image after interpolation is 5432; performing line interpolation of 10 lines of video data in total; after the interpolation of the 10 lines of data is completed, the resolution of the interpolated video image is 5432 × 10; the specific process is as follows: for 10 pixels in each unit, carrying out interpolation on the original 10 pixels according to two conditions; numbering 10 pixels as 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, then in the first case P, 10 pixels are interpolated to 14 pixels, specifically: inserting a pixel between the numbers 1 and 2, between the numbers 3 and 4, between the numbers 6 and 7 and between the numbers 8 and 9 respectively, wherein the inserted pixel value is the average value of the left pixel and the right pixel; in the second case Q, if the interpolation of 10 pixels is 15 pixels, one pixel is inserted between numbers 1 and 2, between numbers 3 and 4, between numbers 5 and 6, between numbers 7 and 8, and between numbers 9 and 10, and the value of the inserted pixel is the average value of the left and right pixels; the number of the case P interpolation is 268, and the number of the case Q interpolation is 112; case P and case Q are named combination X in the "PPPQPPQ" combination; case P and case Q are named as combination Y according to the "PPQPPQ" combination, then combination X has 44 groups and combination Y has 12 groups; one row of 3840 data combinations is ordered as: XXXXXY _ XXXY;
and 4, step 4: carrying out vertical interpolation on each column by taking ten pixels as a unit, wherein the total number of the units is 216; the resolution of the image before interpolation 5432 × 10 was changed to 5432 × 14 or 5432 × 15 after interpolation; the specific process is as follows: for 10 pixels in each unit in the vertical direction, the original 10 pixels need to be interpolated according to the situation P and the situation Q, and the interpolated pixel value is the average value of the upper and lower pixels; the number of the case P interpolation is 184, and the number of the case Q interpolation is 32; then case P and case Q are named as combination a according to the "pppppppq" combination, case P and case Q are named as combination B according to the "pppppppq" combination, then combination a has 24 groups, and combination B has 8 groups; the combined ordering of a column 2716 data in the vertical direction is: AAAB _ AAAB;
and 5: repeating the step 3 and the step 4 until the interpolation of the whole frame of image is finished finally, and the resolution reaches 5432 × 3056;
step 6: sampling adjacent four pixels of the 5432 × 3056 video image, and finally combining the video image into two frames of different 2716 × 1528 resolution images; the specific process is that the video image of 5432 x 3056 is shifted to the right and downwards
Then, the moved pixel points (a, b) are positioned in the centers of the original pixel points (a, b), (a, b +1), (a +1, b +1) before the movement; therefore, the pixel values of the moved pixels (a, b) are the average of the pixel values of the original pixels (a, b), (a, b +1), (a +1, b + 1); two different images 2716, 1528 taken from the 5432, 3056 image are named image 1 and image 2, respectively; the coordinate point of the image 1 is (2n-1,2m-1), and m and n are integers more than 1; the coordinate point of the image 2 is (2p, 2q), and p and q are integers more than 0; the pixel values of the coordinate points (2n-1,2m-1) in the image 1 are the pixel values of the coordinate points (2n-1,2m-1), (2n-1,2m +1), (2n +1,2m-1) and (2n +1,2m +1) which are summed and averaged; the pixel values of the coordinate points (2p, 2q) in the image 2 are averaged by the pixel values of the coordinate points (2p, 2q), and (2p, 2 q); calculating pixel points one by one to obtain an image 1Image 2, two different frames 2716 × 1528;
and 7: the generated two frames of 2716-1528-resolution video images are respectively sent to 2716-1528-resolution digital micro-mirror chips, and the video projection with 3840-2160 ultra-high-definition resolution is realized by matching with optical galvanometers; the specific process is as follows: sending the generated 2716 × 1528-resolution video image into a 2716 × 1528-resolution digital micro-mirror chip according to the frequency of 120Hz, and simultaneously, carrying out angular deflection at two positions by an optical galvanometer at the frequency of 60 Hz; when the galvanometer is positioned at the original position, sending the image 1 to a digital micro-mirror chip; when the vibrating mirror deflects to another position, sending the image 2 to a digital micro-mirror chip; the effect shown on the projection screen is a jittered picture 2716 × 1528@120Hz, which, using the integration effect of the human eye, sees a projection of 3840 × 1528@60 Hz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a method design and invention for image processing of a 4k resolution video source of a digital micromirror chip. The method aims to perform high-speed and high-efficiency video image processing with low time delay and low buffer occupation after image blocking through a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by the invention, one frame of image with 3840 × 2160 resolution can be converted into two different frames of images with 2716 × 1528 resolution, so that the projection of the digital micro-mirror chip with 2716 × 1528 resolution is realized.
(2) The invention can be realized by using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and has extremely low time delay.
(3) According to the invention, the large-size image is processed in a blocking manner, the occupation of cache resources in the calculation process is low, and high-capacity caches such as DDR3 and the like are not required.
(4) The principle of the invention is clear and easy to understand, and the interpolation process is described clearly.
(5) The invention can be packaged as an IP core, thereby easily, quickly and accurately finishing image interpolation and effectively reducing the manual debugging cost and the calculation error.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of four adjacent pixel samples according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a 4k resolution video image pre-processing method for a digital micromirror chip. The invention divides the image into blocks and then carries out high-speed and high-efficiency video image processing with low time delay and low buffer occupation by a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). It comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that (1) video data are obtained from a computer with 3840 × 2160 display resolution and hardware video decoding is carried out;
dividing the acquired image of a 4k video source 3840 by 2160 into 10 pixels and one unit;
and (3) performing line interpolation on 10 pixels of each unit to obtain 384 units. The interpolated video image has 5432 pixels per line. Line interpolation of 10 lines of video data is performed in total. After the interpolation of the 10 lines of data is completed, the resolution of the video image of the interpolated part becomes 5432 × 10;
and (4) carrying out vertical interpolation on each column by taking ten pixels as a unit, wherein the total number of the units is 216. The resolution of the image before interpolation 5432 × 10 was changed to 5432 × 14 or 5432 × 15 after interpolation; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the sampling of adjacent four pixels in this step. And sampling four pixels around a certain pixel to obtain the final display value of the pixel. The specific process is as follows: displacing 5432 × 3056 video image to right and down
Then, the moved pixel (a, b) is located in the center of the original pixel (a, b), (a, b +1), (a +1, b +1) before the movement. Therefore, the pixel values of the shifted pixels (a, b) are the average of the pixel values of the original pixels (a, b), (a, b +1), (a +1, b), and (a +1, b + 1). Two different images 2716, 1528 extracted from the 5432, 3056 resolution image are named image 1 and image 2, respectively; the coordinate point of the image 1 is (2n-1,2m-1), and m and n are integers more than 1; the coordinate point of image 2 is (2p, 2q), pQ is an integer greater than 0; the pixel values of the coordinate points (2n-1,2m-1) in the image 1 are the pixel values of the coordinate points (2n-1,2m-1), (2n-1,2m +1), (2n +1,2m-1) and (2n +1,2m +1) which are summed and averaged; the pixel values of the coordinate points (2p, 2q) in the image 2 are averaged by the pixel values of the coordinate points (2p, 2q), and (2p, 2 q). Calculating pixel points one by one to obtain images 2716 and 1528 with different frames of the image 1 and the image 2;
and (5): repeating the step (3) and the step (4) until the interpolation of the whole frame of image is finished finally, and the resolution reaches 5432 × 3056;
and (6): sampling adjacent four pixels of the 5432 × 3056 video image, and finally combining the video image into two frames of different 2716 × 1528 resolution images;
and (7) respectively sending the generated two frames of 2716-1528-resolution video images to 2716-1528-resolution digital micro-mirror chips, and realizing 3840-2160 ultra-high-definition video projection by matching with optical galvanometers.
The method not only realizes the projection function of the 4k ultra-high definition video source on the digital micromirror chip with 2716 × 1528 resolution, but also conforms to the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) arithmetic logic, can perform shorter time delay with less resource overhead, further reduces projection delay, and can be used as an IP core for convenient use. The method has strong practical value in the field of ultra-high-definition video image projection of the digital micromirror chip.
Examples
The invention is used for realizing video image preprocessing from 3840 × 2160@60Hz to 2716 × 1528@120 Hz:
step (1): sending a computer video with 3840 × 2160 display resolution into a GSV2011 video processing chip through an HDMI (high-definition multimedia interface), decoding the video by the GSV2011 video processing chip into 3840 × 2160 pixel points and displaying the color of the video as RGB888 video data;
and (2) dividing an image with 3840 × 2160 resolution in one frame of video data into 10 pixels and one unit. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 3840 pixel points in each row are 384 horizontal units, and each unit comprises 10 pixels; each row of 2160 pixel points is 216 vertical units, and each unit has 10 pixels;
since the video source 3840 × 2160 is converted into two different 2716 × 1528 images by a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), the 3840 × 2160 image is first interpolated to 5432 × 3056 with a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) therebetween
Non-integer relationships of multiples. Meanwhile, in consideration of the cache resources and the computing power of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), 3840 pixel points in each row are decomposed into 384 horizontal units, and each unit comprises 10 pixels; simultaneously decomposing 2160 pixel points in each row into 216 vertical units, each unit having 10 pixels;
and (3) performing line interpolation on 10 pixels of each unit to obtain 384 units. The interpolated video image has 5432 pixels per line. Line interpolation of 10 lines of video data is performed in total. After the interpolation of the 10 lines of data is completed, the resolution of the video image of the interpolated part becomes 5432 × 10;
due to the existence of
A non-integer relation of multiple, and
between 1.4 and 1.5, so for 10 pixels per cell, the original 10 pixels need to be interpolated in two cases. Assuming that 10 pixels are numbered 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, the first case P, 10 pixels are interpolated to 14 pixels, at numbers 1, 2; 3. 4; 6. 7; 8. inserting four pixels between 9, wherein the inserted pixel value is the average value of the left pixel and the right pixel; in the second case Q, 10 pixels are interpolated to 15 pixels, then the numbers 1, 2; 3. 4; 5. 6; 7. 8; 9. five pixels are inserted between 10, and the inserted pixel value is the average of the two pixels on the left and right. The P case interpolation is 268, and the Q case interpolation is 112; p, Q designates combination X as "PPPQPPQ" combination and designates combination Y as "PPQPPQ" combination, then combination X has 44 groups and combination Y has 12 groups. The row combination is ordered as: XXXXY_XXXXY_XXXXY_XXXY_XXXXY_XXXY_XXXXY_XXXY_XXXXY_XXXY_XXXXY_XXXXY。
And (4) carrying out vertical interpolation on each column by taking ten pixels as a unit, wherein the total number of the units is 216. Before interpolation, 5432 × 10 resolution images were interpolated, and the resolution was changed to 5432 × 14 or 5432 × 15.
In the vertical direction due to the presence of
The non-integer relationship of the multiple, so for 10 pixels per cell in the vertical direction, the original 10 pixels need to be interpolated according to the above P, Q two cases. The P case interpolation is 184, and the Q case interpolation is 32; p, Q designates combination a as "ppppppppq" combination and designates combination B as "PPPPPQ" combination, thus combination a has 24 groups and combination B has 8 groups. In the method, the combination sequence in the vertical direction is as follows: AAAB _ AAAB;
step (5) repeating the step (3) and the step (4) until the final interpolation of the whole frame of image is completed, and the resolution reaches 5432 x 3056;
step (6) shifts the 5432 × 3056 video image to the right and down
Then, the moved pixel (a, b) is located in the center of the original pixel (a, b), (a, b +1), (a +1, b +1) before the movement. Therefore, the pixel values of the shifted pixels (a, b) are the average of the pixel values of the original pixels (a, b), (a, b +1), (a +1, b), and (a +1, b + 1). Two different images 2716, 1528 taken from the 5432, 3056 image are named image 1 and image 2, respectively; the coordinate point of the image 1 is (2n-1,2m-1), and m and n are integers more than 1; the coordinate point of the image 2 is (2p, 2q), and p and q are integers more than 0; the pixel values of the coordinate points (2n-1,2m-1) in the image 1 are the pixel values of the coordinate points (2n-1,2m-1), (2n-1,2m +1), (2n +1,2m-1) and (2n +1,2m +1) which are summed and averaged; the pixel values of the coordinate points (2p, 2q) in the image 2 are averaged by the pixel values of the coordinate points (2p, 2q), and (2p, 2 q). Calculating pixel points one by one to obtain an image 1 and a graphLike 2 two distinct images 2716 × 1528;
and (7) respectively sending the generated two frames of 2716-1528-resolution video images to 2716-1528-resolution digital micro-mirror chips, and realizing 3840-2160 ultra-high-definition video projection by matching with optical galvanometers. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the generated 2716 × 1528-resolution video image is sent to a 2716 × 1528-resolution digital micromirror chip at a frequency of 120Hz, and the optical galvanometer performs angular deflection at two positions at a frequency of 60 Hz. When the galvanometer is positioned at the original position, sending the image 1 to a digital micro-mirror chip; when the polarizer is deflected to another position, image 2 is sent to the digital micromirror chip. The effect shown on the projection screen is a 2716 × 1528@120Hz dithered picture, and the projection at 3840 × 1528@60Hz is seen by using the integration effect of the human eye.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preprocessing a 4k resolution video image aiming at a digital micro-mirror chip is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: acquiring video data from a computer with 3840 × 2160 display resolution through an HDMI interface and performing hardware video decoding; the specific process is as follows: sending a computer video with 3840 × 2160 display resolution into a GSV2011 video processing chip through an HDMI (high-definition multimedia interface), decoding the video by the GSV2011 video processing chip into 3840 × 2160 pixel points and displaying the color of the video as RGB888 video data;
step 2: dividing an image with 3840 × 2160 resolution in one frame of video data into 10 pixels and one unit; the method specifically comprises the following steps: 3840 pixel points in each row are 384 horizontal units, and each unit comprises 10 pixels; each row of 2160 pixel points is 216 vertical units, and each unit has 10 pixels;
and step 3: performing line interpolation on 10 pixels of each unit to obtain 384 units; the number of pixels in each line of the video image after interpolation is 5432; performing line interpolation of 10 lines of video data in total; after the interpolation of the 10 lines of data is completed, the resolution of the interpolated video image is 5432 × 10; the specific process is as follows: for 10 pixels in each unit, carrying out interpolation on the original 10 pixels according to two conditions; numbering 10 pixels as 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, then in the first case P, 10 pixels are interpolated to 14 pixels, specifically: inserting a pixel between the numbers 1 and 2, between the numbers 3 and 4, between the numbers 6 and 7 and between the numbers 8 and 9 respectively, wherein the inserted pixel value is the average value of the left pixel and the right pixel; in the second case Q, if the interpolation of 10 pixels is 15 pixels, one pixel is inserted between numbers 1 and 2, between numbers 3 and 4, between numbers 5 and 6, between numbers 7 and 8, and between numbers 9 and 10, and the value of the inserted pixel is the average value of the left and right pixels; the number of the case P interpolation is 268, and the number of the case Q interpolation is 112; case P and case Q are named combination X in the "PPPQPPQ" combination; case P and case Q are named as combination Y according to the "PPQPPQ" combination, then combination X has 44 groups and combination Y has 12 groups; one row of 3840 data combinations is ordered as: XXXXXY _ XXXY;
and 4, step 4: carrying out vertical interpolation on each column by taking ten pixels as a unit, wherein the total number of the units is 216; the resolution of the image before interpolation 5432 × 10 was changed to 5432 × 14 or 5432 × 15 after interpolation; the specific process is as follows: for 10 pixels in each unit in the vertical direction, the original 10 pixels need to be interpolated according to the situation P and the situation Q, and the interpolated pixel value is the average value of the upper and lower pixels; the number of the case P interpolation is 184, and the number of the case Q interpolation is 32; then case P and case Q are named as combination a according to the "pppppppq" combination, case P and case Q are named as combination B according to the "pppppppq" combination, then combination a has 24 groups, and combination B has 8 groups; the combined ordering of a column 2716 data in the vertical direction is: AAAB _ AAAB;
and 5: repeating the step 3 and the step 4 until the interpolation of the whole frame of image is finished finally, and the resolution reaches 5432 × 3056;
step 6: sampling adjacent four pixels of the 5432 × 3056 video image, and finally combining the video image into two frames of different 2716 × 1528 resolution images; the specific process is that the video image of 5432 x 3056 is shifted to the right and downwards
Then, the moved pixel points (a, b) are positioned in the centers of the original pixel points (a, b), (a, b +1), (a +1, b +1) before the movement; therefore, the pixel values of the moved pixels (a, b) are the average of the pixel values of the original pixels (a, b), (a, b +1), (a +1, b + 1); two different images 2716, 1528 taken from the 5432, 3056 image are named image 1 and image 2, respectively; the coordinate point of the image 1 is (2n-1,2m-1), and m and n are integers more than 1; the coordinate point of the image 2 is (2p, 2q), and p and q are integers more than 0; the pixel values of the coordinate points (2n-1,2m-1) in the image 1 are the pixel values of the coordinate points (2n-1,2m-1), (2n-1,2m +1), (2n +1,2m-1) and (2n +1,2m +1) which are summed and averaged; the pixel values of the coordinate points (2p, 2q) in the image 2 are averaged by the pixel values of the coordinate points (2p, 2q), and (2p, 2 q); calculating pixel points one by one to obtain images 2716 and 1528 with different frames of the image 1 and the image 2;
and 7: the generated two frames of 2716-1528-resolution video images are respectively sent to 2716-1528-resolution digital micro-mirror chips, and the video projection with 3840-2160 ultra-high-definition resolution is realized by matching with optical galvanometers; the specific process is as follows: sending the generated 2716 × 1528-resolution video image into a 2716 × 1528-resolution digital micro-mirror chip according to the frequency of 120Hz, and simultaneously, carrying out angular deflection at two positions by an optical galvanometer at the frequency of 60 Hz; when the galvanometer is positioned at the original position, sending the image 1 to a digital micro-mirror chip; when the vibrating mirror deflects to another position, sending the image 2 to a digital micro-mirror chip; the effect shown on the projection screen is a jittered picture 2716 × 1528@120Hz, which, using the integration effect of the human eye, sees a projection of 3840 × 1528@60 Hz.
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