CN113447869A - Solid-state spin sensor and magnetic field measuring method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a solid-state spin sensor and a magnetic field measuring method thereof, wherein a specific control field is applied to a magnetic sensitive unit, so that partial resonance occurs between an energy level which is not completely degenerated and the specific energy level, and when zero field splitting is caused by temperature change, parts close to the frequency of the control field and parts far away from the frequency of the control field in resonance frequency mutually counteract the influence on a characteristic signal, so that the temperature drift of the solid-state spin sensor can be inhibited in the magnetic field measuring process, and the measuring precision and the stability of a magnetic field are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic field measurement, in particular to a solid-state spin sensor and a magnetic field measurement method thereof.
Background
The magnetic resonance phenomenon refers to a phenomenon that when a spin magnetic moment in a substance is not 0, the spin magnetic moment under a fixed magnetic field generates resonance absorption to radiation energy of an electromagnetic field. Based on the magnetic resonance technology, people can carry out nondestructive detection on the structure and the components of a substance and can also measure external physical quantities by utilizing the magnetic resonance. Electrons in a substance have spinning magnetic moments, under the action of an external magnetic field, the energy level of the electrons can be split, and one energy level is split into a plurality of magnetic sub-energy levels, which is called as the Zeeman effect. When electrons transition between different energy levels, the transition selection rules have to be observed, which are related to the respective quantum numbers of the two energy levels. Whether an electron can transition between different energy levels depends on the spin state of the electron.
In recent years, quantum information processing means based on solid state spin is rapidly developed, new technology update is brought, and development of solid state spin sensor technology is promoted. The solid state spinning system becomes a hot point of research of people due to the advantages of high sensitivity, high bandwidth and the like, and the advantages of good expandability, easy control and the like. Among them, the nitrogen-hole (NV) color center spinning system in diamond is especially prominent, the electron spin in the NV color center is very sensitive to a weak magnetic field, and meanwhile, the quantum coherence time can reach millisecond order, and the diamond has good optical polarization and readout characteristics. The advantages make the NV color center be considered as an excellent natural microscopic magnetic resonance probe and widely applied to the field of microscopic magnetic resonance detection.
Due to spin-spin interaction, splitting, called zero-field splitting, also occurs in the NV centre electron spin at ms 0 and ms ± 1 in the absence of an external magnetic field, which enables the electron spin state of NV to be microwave-manipulated without the application of an external magnetic field. The degeneracy of the ms-1 level is eliminated when a magnetic field is applied, and the measurement of the external magnetic field can be realized by detecting the change of the resonance frequency between the ms-0 level and the ms-1 level or between the ms-0 level and the ms-1 level, which is based on the principle of the solid-state spin magnetic sensor. However, the magnitude of the zero field splitting varies with temperature, which also causes the resonant frequency between the level of ms ═ 0 and the level of ms ± +1 to vary, which makes the NV-color-center-based solid-state spin magnetic sensor greatly affected by temperature and have large temperature drift.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a solid-state spin sensor and a magnetic field measurement method thereof, which effectively solve the technical problems in the prior art, can inhibit the temperature drift of the solid-state spin sensor in the magnetic field measurement process, and improve the measurement accuracy and stability of the magnetic field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a solid state spin magnetic sensor, comprising: the device comprises a magnetic sensitive unit based on solid state spinning, a static magnetic field device, a light source and a control field device;
the static magnetic field device is used for applying a static magnetic field to the magnetic sensitive unit, and the static magnetic field enables the degenerate energy level of the magnetic sensitive unit not to be completely degenerated;
the light source is used for applying exciting light to the magnetic sensitive unit, and the exciting light makes the magnetic sensitive unit transition between a ground state and an excited state;
the control field device is used for applying a control field to the magnetic sensitive unit, the control field enables two or more than two of the energy levels which are not completely degenerated to simultaneously generate partial resonance with a specific energy level, wherein the magnetic sensitive unit comprises the degenerated energy level and the specific energy level, and the magnetic sensitive unit can transit between the specific energy level and the degenerated energy level;
when the magnetic sensitive unit is placed in a magnetic field to be measured, the static magnetic field, the excitation light and the control field are kept unchanged, and the magnetic field to be measured is measured according to the change of the characteristic signal of the magnetic sensitive unit.
Optionally, the magnetic sensitive unit is an NV color center diamond.
Optionally, the static magnetic field is a geomagnetic field, a magnetic field generated by a magnetic material, or a magnetic field generated by an electrified wire.
Optionally, the light source includes an excitation light device and a lens disposed on a light exit path of the excitation light device;
the magnetic sensitive unit is arranged on the light emergent path of the lens.
Optionally, the excitation light device is a laser, a laser diode or a light emitting diode.
Optionally, the steering field device includes a steering source and a microstrip antenna electrically connected to each other;
the microstrip antenna and the magnetic sensitive unit are arranged correspondingly.
Optionally, the control source is a microwave source.
Alternatively to this, the first and second parts may,
the control field is a single-frequency control field, a dual-frequency control field synthesized by a first frequency control field and a second frequency control field, or a modulation control field formed by one or more combinations of an amplitude modulation control field, a frequency modulation control field, a phase modulation control field, an amplitude shift keying modulation control field, a frequency shift keying modulation control field, and a phase shift keying modulation control field.
Optionally, the characteristic signal includes a specific signal generated by the magnetic sensing unit, and/or an excitation light absorbed by the magnetic sensing unit, and/or a manipulation field absorbed by the magnetic sensing unit.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a magnetic field measuring method of the solid-state spin magnetic sensor, wherein the solid-state spin magnetic sensor comprises a magnetic sensitive unit based on solid-state spin, and the magnetic field measuring method comprises the following steps:
applying a static magnetic field to the magnetically susceptible unit, the static magnetic field not completely degenerating the degeneracy level of the magnetically susceptible unit;
applying excitation light to the magnetically susceptible unit, the excitation light causing the magnetically susceptible unit to transition between a ground state and an excited state;
applying a steering field to the magneto-sensitive cells, the steering field causing two or more of the incompletely degenerated energy levels to simultaneously resonate off-set with a specific energy level, wherein the magneto-sensitive cells comprise the degenerate energy level and the specific energy level, and the magneto-sensitive cells are capable of transitioning between the specific energy level and the degenerate energy level;
and placing the magnetic sensitive unit in a magnetic field to be measured, keeping the static magnetic field, the excitation light and the control field unchanged, and measuring the magnetic field to be measured according to the change of the characteristic signal of the magnetic sensitive unit.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention at least has the following advantages:
the invention provides a solid-state spin sensor and a magnetic field measuring method thereof, wherein the solid-state spin sensor comprises the following steps: the device comprises a magnetic sensitive unit based on solid state spinning, a static magnetic field device, a light source and a control field device; the static magnetic field device is used for applying a static magnetic field to the magnetic sensitive unit, and the static magnetic field enables the degenerate energy level of the magnetic sensitive unit not to be completely degenerated; the light source is used for applying exciting light to the magnetic sensitive unit, and the exciting light makes the magnetic sensitive unit transition between a ground state and an excited state; the control field device is used for applying a control field to the magnetic sensitive unit, the control field enables two or more than two of the energy levels which are not completely degenerated to simultaneously generate partial resonance with a specific energy level, wherein the magnetic sensitive unit comprises the degenerated energy level and the specific energy level, and the magnetic sensitive unit can transit between the specific energy level and the degenerated energy level; when the magnetic sensitive unit is placed in a magnetic field to be measured, the static magnetic field, the excitation light and the control field are kept unchanged, and the magnetic field to be measured is measured according to the change of the characteristic signal of the magnetic sensitive unit.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, as the specific control field is applied to the magnetic sensitive unit, partial resonance occurs between the energy level which is not completely degenerated and the specific energy level, and when zero field splitting is caused by temperature change, the influence on the characteristic signal can be mutually counteracted by parts close to the control field frequency and far from the control field frequency in the resonance frequency, so that the temperature drift of the solid-state spin sensor can be inhibited in the magnetic field measurement process, and the measurement accuracy and stability of the magnetic field can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid-state spin magnetic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another solid-state spin magnetic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating magnetic field measurement accuracy and stability of a solid-state spin magnetic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a magnetic field measurement method of a solid-state spin magnetic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As described in the background, due to spin-spin interaction, splitting, referred to as zero-field splitting, also occurs at the NV centre electron spin with ms 0 and ms ± 1 in the absence of an external magnetic field, which enables the electron spin states of NV to be microwave-manipulated without the application of an external magnetic field. The degeneracy of the ms-1 level is eliminated when a magnetic field is applied, and the measurement of the external magnetic field can be realized by detecting the change of the resonance frequency between the ms-0 level and the ms-1 level or between the ms-0 level and the ms-1 level, which is based on the principle of the solid-state spin magnetic sensor. However, the magnitude of the zero field splitting varies with temperature, which also causes the resonant frequency between the level of ms ═ 0 and the level of ms ± +1 to vary, which makes the NV-color-center-based solid-state spin magnetic sensor greatly affected by temperature and have large temperature drift.
Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention provides a solid-state spin sensor and a magnetic field measurement method thereof, which effectively solve the technical problems in the prior art, can inhibit the temperature drift of the solid-state spin sensor in the magnetic field measurement process, and improve the measurement accuracy and stability of the magnetic field.
To achieve the above object, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail below, specifically with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a solid-state spin magnetic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, where the solid-state spin magnetic sensor includes: a solid state spin based magneto-sensitive unit 100, a static magnetic field device 200, a light source 300 and a manipulation field device 400.
The static magnetic field device 200 is used for applying a static magnetic field to the magnetic sensitive unit 100, so that the energy level of the magnetic sensitive unit 100 based on solid state spin generates Zeeman splitting, and the static magnetic field enables the degeneracy energy level of the magnetic sensitive unit not to be completely degenerated.
The light source 300 is configured to apply excitation light to the magnetic sensing unit 100, and the excitation light makes the magnetic sensing unit 100 transition between a ground state and an excited state, so as to perform a continuous excitation operation on the magnetic sensing unit 100.
The manipulation field device 400 is used to apply a manipulation field to the magneto-sensitive cells 100, the manipulation field simultaneously causes two or more of the incompletely degenerated energy levels to be off-resonant with a specific energy level, and the manipulation field is capable of simultaneously manipulating the off-resonant energy levels. Wherein the magneto-sensitive unit 100 comprises the degenerate energy level (the degenerate energy level can undergo zeeman splitting under an external magnetic field to degenerate), and the specific energy level, and the magneto-sensitive unit can transit between the specific energy level and the degenerate energy level. When the magnetic sensitive unit 100 is placed in a magnetic field to be measured, the static magnetic field, the excitation light and the control field are kept unchanged, and the magnetic field to be measured is measured according to the change of the characteristic signal of the magnetic sensitive unit 100.
It can be understood that the magnetic sensing unit based on solid state spin works according to the following principle: under the action of external magnetic fields with different intensities, the electron spin magnetic moments have different Zeeman splits among electron energy levels. The electron is continuously excited by means of microwave, laser and the like, so that the spin of the system can reach an equilibrium state, and the population degree of the system is influenced by the intensity of an external magnetic field. When the magnetic sensitive unit is arranged in a magnetic field to be measured, the total external magnetic field intensity changes to cause the population degree to change, the intensity of the characteristic signal also changes, and the measurement of the magnetic field to be measured can be realized by detecting the intensity of the characteristic signal.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, as the specific control field is applied to the magnetic sensitive unit, the energy level which is not completely degenerated generates partial resonance with the specific energy level, and when zero field splitting is caused by temperature change, the parts close to the frequency of the control field and far from the frequency of the control field in the resonance frequency can mutually counteract the influence on the characteristic signal. Specifically, due to the fact that the control field is applied to the magnetic sensitive unit, two energy levels which are not completely degenerated are enabled to generate partial resonance with a specific energy level, when the external magnetic field changes to cause the change of Zeeman splitting, the two resonance frequencies are close to or deviate from the control field frequency at the same time, and further influences on characteristic signals are mutually superposed; when the zero field splitting caused by the temperature change occurs, one resonance frequency is close to the control field frequency, and the other resonance frequency deviates from the control field frequency, so that the influence on the characteristic signals can be mutually counteracted, and the characteristic of the change of the characteristic signals caused by the change of the magnetic field is reserved. Furthermore, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can inhibit the temperature drift of the solid-state spin sensor in the magnetic field measurement process, and improve the measurement accuracy and stability of the magnetic field. In addition, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a continuous wave type measurement mode, the measurement of the equilibrium state system is a steady state measurement, the measurement is not limited by the relaxation time of the system, and compared with a magnetic field measurement mode which adopts a Ramsey sequence pulse mode, the technical scheme provided by the invention has higher bandwidth.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic sensitive unit provided by the present invention is an NV color center (nitrogen-hole defect) diamond, and the NV color center is composed of a nitrogen defect and an adjacent hole. The NV color center unpaired electrons constitute a spin triplet-singlet system. Ground state of its triplet state3E and the first excited state3The energy difference between A is 1.945eV, corresponding to a zero phonon line of 637 nm. Therefore, when a beam of excitation light with energy greater than or equal to 1.945eV is used for exciting the NV color center, electrons of the NV color center are excited to an excited state, and then the electrons are excited back to a ground state with a great probability, and then fluorescence photons are emitted to form fluorescence (namely, a specific signal generated by the magnetic sensitive unit can beFluorescent signal). When the electron spin is at the energy level of the excited state ms ═ 1, the electron will have a greater probability of relaxing to the energy level of the ground state ms ═ 0 through the singlet state, and no photon will be emitted. Due to spin-spin interaction, in the absence of an external magnetic field, splitting also occurs at the NV centre electron spin with ms 0 and ms ± 1, called zero-field splitting, which is about 2.87GHz for the ground state at room temperature, and is in the microwave band, so that electrons at the NV centre transition between the ground state with ms 0 and ms ± 1 by microwaves in the vicinity of 2.87 GHz. Under the common control of exciting light and microwave, the NV color center can emit fluorescence with certain intensity, and when the magnetic field changes, the fluorescence intensity changes.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the static magnetic field provided by the present invention may be a geomagnetic field, a magnetic field generated by a magnetic material, or a magnetic field generated by an electrified wire. As shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of another solid-state spin magnetic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, wherein the static magnetic field provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be a magnetic field generated by an electrified wire, the static magnetic field device includes a power supply 210 and a static magnetic field coil 220 electrically connected to each other, the static magnetic field coil 220 is disposed corresponding to the magnetic sensitive unit 100, and the static magnetic field coil 220 is electrified by the power supply 210 to provide a static magnetic field with a predetermined intensity for the magnetic sensitive unit 100.
As shown in fig. 2, the light source provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes an excitation light device 310 and a lens 320 disposed on an outgoing light path of the excitation light device 310; the magneto-sensitive unit 100 is disposed on an outgoing light path of the lens 320. Excitation light is generated by the excitation light device 310 and is collimated and focused by the lens 320 and then is irradiated to the magnetic sensing unit 100, so that excitation light with a predetermined wavelength and intensity is provided for the magnetic sensing unit 100.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the excitation light device provided by the present invention is a laser, a laser diode or a light emitting diode; and the wavelength of the excitation light can be between 500 nm and 550nm, and the type of the excitation light device and the wavelength of the excitation light are not particularly limited, and need to be specifically selected and designed according to practical applications.
As shown in fig. 2, the steering field device provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a steering source 410 and a microstrip antenna 420 electrically connected; the microstrip antenna 420 is disposed corresponding to the magnetically sensitive unit 100.
In an embodiment of the invention, the steering source provided by the invention is a microwave source, and is used for enabling the microstrip antenna to form a steering field. The control field provided by the embodiment of the invention is a high-frequency magnetic field, in particular
The control field is a single-frequency control field, a double-frequency control field synthesized by a first frequency control field and a second frequency control field, or a modulation control field formed by one or more combinations of an amplitude modulation control field, a frequency modulation control field, a phase modulation control field, an amplitude shift keying modulation control field, a frequency shift keying modulation control field and a phase shift keying modulation control field, so that the characteristic signal can be modulated to high frequency, and 1/f noise is reduced. As shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that, for the schematic diagram of the magnetic field measurement accuracy and stability of the solid-state spin magnetic sensor provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field measurement performed by using the dual-frequency control field and the amplitude-modulated control field provided in the present invention has a temperature drift suppression effect about 15 times that of the prior art.
In any of the above embodiments of the present invention, the characteristic signal provided by the present invention includes a specific signal generated by the magnetic sensing unit, and/or an excitation light absorbed by the magnetic sensing unit, and/or a manipulation field absorbed by the magnetic sensing unit.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides a magnetic field measuring method of the solid-state spin magnetic sensor, which is applied to the solid-state spin magnetic sensor provided by any one of the embodiments. As shown in fig. 4, a flowchart of a magnetic field measurement method of a solid-state spin magnetic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, where the solid-state spin magnetic sensor includes a solid-state spin-based magnetic sensing unit, and the magnetic field measurement method includes:
and S1, applying a static magnetic field to the magnetic sensitive unit, wherein the static magnetic field enables the degenerate energy level of the magnetic sensitive unit not to be completely degenerated.
And S2, applying exciting light to the magnetic sensitive unit, wherein the exciting light makes the magnetic sensitive unit transition between the ground state and the excited state.
S3, applying a control field to the magnetic sensitive unit, wherein the control field enables two or more than two of the energy levels which are not completely degenerated to be in partial resonance with a specific energy level simultaneously, the magnetic sensitive unit comprises the degenerated energy level and the specific energy level, and the magnetic sensitive unit can transit between the specific energy level and the degenerated energy level.
S4, placing the magnetic sensitive unit in a magnetic field to be measured, keeping the static magnetic field, the excitation light and the control field unchanged, and measuring the magnetic field to be measured according to the change of the characteristic signal of the magnetic sensitive unit.
It should be noted that, in the magnetic field measurement method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the timing for applying the static magnetic field, the excitation light, and the control field to the magnetic sensitive unit is not specific, and may be applied simultaneously or applied in a disordered manner, which needs to be specifically designed according to the actual application.
It can be understood that the magnetic sensing unit based on solid state spin works according to the following principle: under the action of external magnetic fields with different intensities, the electron spin magnetic moments have different Zeeman splits among electron energy levels. The electron is continuously excited by means of microwave, laser and the like, so that the spin of the system can reach an equilibrium state, and the population degree of the system is influenced by the intensity of an external magnetic field. When the magnetic sensitive unit is arranged in a magnetic field to be measured, the total external magnetic field intensity changes to cause the population degree to change, the intensity of the characteristic signal also changes, and the measurement of the magnetic field to be measured can be realized by detecting the intensity of the characteristic signal.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, as the control field is applied to the magnetic sensitive unit, the energy level which is not completely degenerated generates partial resonance with the specific energy level, and when zero field splitting is caused by temperature change, the parts close to the frequency of the control field and far from the frequency of the control field in the resonance frequency can mutually counteract the influence on the characteristic signal. Specifically, due to the fact that the control field is applied to the magnetic sensitive unit, two energy levels which are not completely degenerated are enabled to generate partial resonance with a specific energy level, when the external magnetic field changes to cause the change of Zeeman splitting, the two resonance frequencies are close to or deviate from the control field frequency at the same time, and further influences on characteristic signals are mutually superposed; when the zero field splitting caused by the temperature change occurs, one resonance frequency is close to the control field frequency, and the other resonance frequency deviates from the control field frequency, so that the influence on the characteristic signals can be mutually counteracted, and the characteristic of the change of the characteristic signals caused by the change of the magnetic field is reserved. Furthermore, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can inhibit the temperature drift of the solid-state spin sensor in the magnetic field measurement process, and improve the measurement accuracy and stability of the magnetic field. In addition, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a continuous wave type measurement mode, the measurement of the equilibrium state system is a steady state measurement, the measurement is not limited by the relaxation time of the system, and compared with a magnetic field measurement mode which adopts a Ramsey sequence pulse mode, the technical scheme provided by the invention has higher bandwidth.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic sensitive unit provided by the present invention is an NV color center (nitrogen-hole defect) diamond, and the NV color center is composed of a nitrogen defect and an adjacent hole. The static magnetic field provided by the invention can be a geomagnetic field, a magnetic field generated by a magnetic material or a magnetic field generated by an electrified lead. The control field provided by the embodiment of the invention is a high-frequency magnetic field, in particular
The control field is a single-frequency control field, a double-frequency control field synthesized by a first frequency control field and a second frequency control field, or a modulation control field formed by one or more combinations of an amplitude modulation control field, a frequency modulation control field, a phase modulation control field, an amplitude shift keying modulation control field, a frequency shift keying modulation control field and a phase shift keying modulation control field, so that the characteristic signal can be modulated to high frequency, and 1/f noise is reduced.
And the characteristic signal provided by the invention comprises a specific signal generated by the magnetic sensitive unit, and/or excitation light absorbed by the magnetic sensitive unit, and/or a control field absorbed by the magnetic sensitive unit.
The embodiment of the invention provides a solid-state spin sensor and a magnetic field measuring method thereof, wherein the solid-state spin sensor comprises the following steps: the device comprises a magnetic sensitive unit based on solid state spinning, a static magnetic field device, a light source and a control field device; the static magnetic field device is used for applying a static magnetic field to the magnetic sensitive unit, and the static magnetic field enables the degenerate energy level of the magnetic sensitive unit not to be completely degenerated; the light source is used for applying exciting light to the magnetic sensitive unit, and the exciting light makes the magnetic sensitive unit transition between a ground state and an excited state; the control field device is used for applying a control field to the magnetic sensitive unit, the control field enables two or more than two of the energy levels which are not completely degenerated to simultaneously generate partial resonance with a specific energy level, wherein the magnetic sensitive unit comprises the degenerated energy level and the specific energy level, and the magnetic sensitive unit can transit between the specific energy level and the degenerated energy level; when the magnetic sensitive unit is placed in a magnetic field to be measured, the static magnetic field, the excitation light and the control field are kept unchanged, and the magnetic field to be measured is measured according to the change of the characteristic signal of the magnetic sensitive unit.
As can be seen from the above, in the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the present invention, since the specific control field is applied to the magnetic sensitive unit, the energy level that is not completely degenerated generates partial resonance with the specific energy level, and when zero field splitting occurs due to temperature change, the influence on the characteristic signal is mutually cancelled by the parts of the resonance frequency close to the control field frequency and far from the control field frequency, so that the temperature drift of the solid-state spin sensor can be suppressed in the magnetic field measurement process, and the measurement accuracy and stability of the magnetic field can be improved.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A solid state spin magnetic sensor, comprising: the device comprises a magnetic sensitive unit based on solid state spinning, a static magnetic field device, a light source and a control field device;
the static magnetic field device is used for applying a static magnetic field to the magnetic sensitive unit, and the static magnetic field enables the degenerate energy level of the magnetic sensitive unit not to be completely degenerated;
the light source is used for applying exciting light to the magnetic sensitive unit, and the exciting light makes the magnetic sensitive unit transition between a ground state and an excited state;
the control field device is used for applying a control field to the magnetic sensitive unit, the control field enables two or more than two of the energy levels which are not completely degenerated to simultaneously generate partial resonance with a specific energy level, wherein the magnetic sensitive unit comprises the degenerated energy level and the specific energy level, and the magnetic sensitive unit can transit between the specific energy level and the degenerated energy level;
when the magnetic sensitive unit is placed in a magnetic field to be measured, the static magnetic field, the excitation light and the control field are kept unchanged, and the magnetic field to be measured is measured according to the change of the characteristic signal of the magnetic sensitive unit.
2. The solid state spin magnetic sensor of claim 1, wherein the magnetically sensitive cell is an NV colour centre diamond.
3. The solid state spin magnetic sensor of claim 1, wherein the static magnetic field is a geomagnetic field, a magnetic field generated by a magnetic material, or a magnetic field generated by an electrified wire.
4. The solid-state spin magnetic sensor of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises an excitation light device and a lens disposed in an exit light path of the excitation light device;
the magnetic sensitive unit is arranged on the light emergent path of the lens.
5. The solid state spin magnetic sensor of claim 4, wherein the excitation light device is a laser, a laser diode, or a light emitting diode.
6. The solid state spin magnetic sensor of claim 1, wherein the steering field device comprises a steering source and a microstrip antenna electrically connected;
the microstrip antenna and the magnetic sensitive unit are arranged correspondingly.
7. A solid state spin magnetic sensor according to claim 6, wherein the steering source is a microwave source.
8. The solid-state spin magnetic sensor of claim 1, wherein the steering field is a single frequency steering field, a dual frequency steering field synthesized from a first frequency steering field and a second frequency steering field, or an amplitude modulated steering field, a frequency modulated steering field, a phase modulated steering field, or a modulation steering field combined with one or more of an amplitude shift keying modulated steering field, a frequency shift keying modulated steering field, and a phase shift keying modulated steering field.
9. A solid state spin magnetic sensor according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic signal comprises a specific signal generated by the magneto-sensitive cell, and/or excitation light absorbed by the magneto-sensitive cell, and/or a steering field absorbed by the magneto-sensitive cell.
10. A magnetic field measurement method of a solid-state spin magnetic sensor, wherein the solid-state spin magnetic sensor comprises a solid-state spin-based magnetic sensitive unit, the magnetic field measurement method comprising:
applying a static magnetic field to the magnetically susceptible unit, the static magnetic field not completely degenerating the degeneracy level of the magnetically susceptible unit;
applying excitation light to the magnetically susceptible unit, the excitation light causing the magnetically susceptible unit to transition between a ground state and an excited state;
applying a steering field to the magneto-sensitive cells, the steering field causing two or more of the incompletely degenerated energy levels to simultaneously resonate off-set with a specific energy level, wherein the magneto-sensitive cells comprise the degenerate energy level and the specific energy level, and the magneto-sensitive cells are capable of transitioning between the specific energy level and the degenerate energy level;
and placing the magnetic sensitive unit in a magnetic field to be measured, keeping the static magnetic field, the excitation light and the control field unchanged, and measuring the magnetic field to be measured according to the change of the characteristic signal of the magnetic sensitive unit.
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