CN113446661A - Intelligent and efficient heat supply network operation adjusting method - Google Patents
Intelligent and efficient heat supply network operation adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent and efficient heat supply network operation adjusting method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out hydraulic adjustment on a secondary network to balance the hydraulic force of the secondary network; step 2, carrying out hydraulic adjustment on the primary network on the basis of hydraulic balance of the secondary network so as to balance the hydraulic balance of the primary network; step 3, respectively carrying out thermal regulation on the heat supply initial station and each heat exchange station on the basis of the hydraulic balance of the heat supply network side so as to balance the thermal; step 4, on the basis of hydraulic power and thermal power balance of the heat supply network side, predicting heat supply network side heat loads, optimizing heat source side configuration according to the prediction result of the heat supply network side heat loads, adapting to and adjusting the output of the heat source side, and realizing cooperative adjustment among network sources; the invention can effectively relieve the regulation difficulty caused by strong coupling and large lag of a heat supply network, greatly improve the hydraulic regulation working efficiency, improve the overall dispatching coordination capacity of a heat supply system, avoid insufficient or excessive heat of the heat supply system, realize heat supply of the heat supply system according to needs, reduce the heat supply energy consumption and reduce the survival pressure of heat supply enterprises on the premise of ensuring the heat supply quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heat supply, and particularly relates to an intelligent and efficient heat supply network operation adjusting method.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development and popularization and application of control and information technology, the heat supply network system basically realizes automatic control, namely, the heat supply network operation state is remotely monitored in a centralized control center and the basic operation of a regulating valve and a circulating pump is controlled, so that the intelligent control system has the basic condition of intelligent control. However, in general, the operation of a heat supply network is still extensive, and during operation and maintenance adjustment of a heat supply enterprise, the operation and maintenance of the heat supply enterprise are mainly guided by experience, so that a scientific intelligent control strategy and an efficient adjustment method are lacked, and in consideration of heat supply stability, economy is often selected and sacrificed, so that the heat supply energy consumption is generally high, and the survival pressure of the heat supply enterprise is huge; in addition, most of the conventional general heat supply network operation adjusting methods do not consider the cooperative adjustment among systems, and due to the characteristics of large time lag and strong coupling of the heat supply network, on one hand, the adjusting effect is poor, on the other hand, a lot of adjusting work is repeated, and the work load of heat supply network operation and maintenance personnel is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent and efficient heat supply network operation adjusting method, which solves the defects of poor intelligence degree, low adjusting efficiency, high heat supply energy consumption and the like of the existing heat supply network operation adjusting method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides an intelligent and efficient heat supply network operation adjusting method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out hydraulic adjustment on a secondary network to balance the hydraulic force of the secondary network;
step 2, carrying out hydraulic adjustment on the primary network on the basis of hydraulic balance of the secondary network so as to balance the hydraulic balance of the primary network;
step 3, respectively carrying out thermal regulation on the heat supply initial station and each heat exchange station on the basis of the hydraulic balance of the heat supply network side so as to balance the thermal;
and 4, predicting the heat load on the heat network side on the basis of the hydraulic power and thermal power balance of the heat network side, optimizing the configuration on the heat source side according to the prediction result of the heat load on the heat network side, and adaptively adjusting the output of the heat source side to realize the cooperative adjustment among network sources.
Preferably, in step 1, the hydraulic adjustment is performed on the secondary net to balance the hydraulic force of the secondary net, and the specific method is as follows:
collecting return water temperatures of all user unit buildings in each heat exchange station area;
calculating theoretical average return water temperatures of all unit buildings in the area of the heat exchange station according to the collected return water temperatures;
and controlling the opening of the target regulating valve by using the theoretical average return water temperature, so that the ratio of the flow obtained by each user unit building to the total circulating flow of the secondary network of the heat exchange station is equal to the ratio of the heat load of the corresponding unit building to the total heat load of the heat exchange station.
Preferably, in step 2, the primary network is hydraulically adjusted to balance the hydraulic power of the primary network, and the specific method is as follows:
the average temperature of the supply water and the return water of the secondary networks of all the heat exchange stations is consistent as a control target, the valve opening is adjusted by adopting a full-network temperature-equalizing adjustment method, and the ratio of the flow obtained by each heat exchange station to the total circulating flow of the primary network of the heat supply network is equal to the ratio of the heat load of the corresponding heat exchange station to the total heat load of the heat supply network.
Preferably, the opening of the valve is adjusted by adopting a full-network temperature equalization adjusting method, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
collecting the water supply temperature and the water return temperature of a secondary network of each heat exchange station;
calculating the temperature of supply water and return water of the secondary network of each heat exchange station;
calculating the average value of the temperature of the supply water and the return water of the secondary networks of all the heat exchange stations;
and (4) iteratively calculating the corresponding valve opening when the temperature of the supply water and the return water of the secondary network of each heat exchange station reaches the average value.
Preferably, in step 3, the heat supply initial station is subjected to heat regulation to balance the heat of the primary network, specifically, a quality combining and regulating method is adopted, specifically:
τ2＝τ1-(τ‘1-τ‘2)
wherein,
relative heating heat load ratio; t is tnCalculating the temperature for the heating room; t is twReal-time outdoor average temperature; t'wCalculating the temperature for the heating room;
is the flow ratio; g is the actual operation flow of the primary network; g'1Designing flow for a primary network; tau is1、τ2The actual water supply temperature and the actual water return temperature of the primary network are respectively set; tau'1、τ‘2Designing water supply temperature and water return temperature for the primary network respectively; t'g、t′hRespectively designed for two-stage networkWater temperature, return water temperature; t is tgActual water supply temperature for the secondary network; e.g. of the typeCTo calculate the coefficients; and C is a calculation coefficient.
Preferably, in step 3, each heat exchange station is thermally regulated to realize the thermal equilibrium of the secondary grid, specifically, a phased mass regulation method is adopted, specifically:
dividing the heat supply season into three stages according to the outdoor average temperature, calculating the operation flow ratio of each stage, and further respectively calculating the operation flow and the accumulated operation days corresponding to each stage according to the following formula:
calculating the real-time outdoor average temperature corresponding to each stage according to the following formula:
respectively calculating the actual water supply temperature and the actual water return temperature of the secondary network at each stage according to the following formulas:
wherein G is the actual operation flow of the primary network; g'1Designing flow for a primary network;
is the flow ratio at the stage; t is tg、thRespectively actual water supply temperature of the second-level networkThe temperature of return water; t'g、t′hDesigning water supply temperature and water return temperature for the secondary network respectively;
relative heating heat load ratio; delta t'sCalculating the temperature difference for the design average of the user radiator; delta t'jDesigning a temperature difference between a water supply temperature and a water return temperature for a user; t is tnCalculating the temperature for the heating room; b is a constant; n is the accumulated running days of each stage; beta and d are constants; n is a radical ofPThe number of days for heating is designed.
Preferably, the operation flow ratio of each stage is calculated by the following specific method:
the power consumption of all heat exchange station circulating pumps in the whole heating season is set as an objective function, and the mathematical expression is as follows:
and taking the corresponding flow ratio when the objective function value is minimum as the operation flow ratio of each stage.
Preferably, in step 4, the heat supply network side heat load is predicted by:
the heat network side heat load prediction comprises a steady state heat load prediction and a dynamic heat load prediction, wherein:
the steady state thermal load is predicted by:
Qn＝qf·A·10-3
in the formula, QnDesigning a thermal load for heating; q. q.sfIs an area heat indicator; a is the total area of the building;
the dynamic thermal load is predicted by:
in the formula, Q, QnRespectively real-time thermal load and design thermal loadLoading; t is tn、tw、t′wRespectively for indoor calculation temperature, outdoor real-time temperature, outdoor design temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the intelligent and efficient heat supply network operation adjusting method provided by the invention, the heat supply network operation adjustment is divided into three stages, the targets of the stages are clear, the method is clear, the problems of hydraulic balance, thermal balance and network source cooperation are respectively solved, and the operation and maintenance personnel can be guided to adjust the heat supply network of a scientific system; according to the method, the hydraulic balance of the secondary network is solved through an advanced internet of things technology, the hydraulic balance of the primary network is solved by using a full-network supply-return temperature-equalizing regulation strategy, the regulation difficulty caused by strong coupling and large hysteresis of a heat supply network can be effectively relieved, the hydraulic regulation target is quickly realized, and the hydraulic regulation working efficiency is greatly improved; in addition, the heating power regulation and network source cooperative regulation method provided by the invention is beneficial to a heat source and a heat supply network to quickly make accurate response to outdoor weather change, the overall scheduling coordination capacity of a heat supply system is improved, the heat shortage or surplus of the heat supply system is avoided, the heat supply of the heat supply system is realized according to needs, the heat supply energy consumption is reduced on the premise of ensuring the heat supply quality, and the survival pressure of a heat supply enterprise is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap for the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated in the following by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the intelligent and efficient method for adjusting the operation of the heat supply network provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, carrying out hydraulic (primary) adjustment on a secondary network to realize hydraulic balance of the secondary network;
the second-level network hydraulic adjustment takes a unit building as a minimum adjustment unit, and controls the circulation flow of all user unit buildings under the jurisdiction of each heat exchange station by remotely and centrally adjusting the opening of an electric adjusting valve in front of the user unit building, so that the ratio of the flow obtained by each user unit building to the total circulation flow of the second-level network of the heat exchange station is equal to the ratio of the heat load of the corresponding unit building to the total heat load of the heat exchange station.
And the electric regulating valve is arranged on an inlet water return pipeline of each user unit building.
The electric control valve is characterized in that a temperature sensor is embedded in the valve body of the electric control valve, the temperature sensor can measure and remotely transmit the fluid temperature of a pipeline where the valve is installed, a network communication module is additionally installed in the electric control valve executing mechanism, and data communication is achieved with an upper monitoring platform through an NB-IoT wireless network communication technology.
And the upper monitoring platform automatically calculates the theoretical average return water temperature of all unit buildings under the jurisdiction of the current heat exchange stations according to the acquired return water temperature data of all the unit buildings, and automatically adjusts the opening of the valve by taking the theoretical average return water temperature as a control target so as to realize the hydraulic balance among all the unit buildings under each heat exchange station.
The precision of the control target is set to be 0.5 ℃ of positive deviation and negative deviation, the automatic regulation period is set to be 1 or 2 hours, and stable hydraulic balance can be achieved after 2-3 times.
After the water power of the secondary network is balanced, if the opening degree of the electric regulating valve of each unit building is kept unchanged, and the total flow of the heat exchange station deviates from the design value, the water power of each unit building is in equal proportion imbalance, the heat supply effect is uniform and is hot or cold, and the phenomenon of uneven cold and heat cannot be generated. After the hydraulic balance of the secondary network, if the hydraulic power loss of the unit buildings of which the total number is more than 1/4 of the user unit buildings under the jurisdiction of the heat exchange station exceeds the design range (less than 0.9 or more than 1.2) due to thermal power regulation, the hydraulic power regulation needs to be carried out again.
Step 2, carrying out hydraulic (primary) adjustment on the primary net to realize hydraulic balance of the primary net;
the hydraulic adjustment of the primary network side takes the heat exchange stations as a minimum adjustment unit, and the electric adjustment valve of the primary network side of each heat exchange station is remotely and centrally adjusted to control the circulation flow of the primary network side of each heat exchange station, so that the ratio of the flow obtained by each heat exchange station to the total circulation flow of the primary network of the heat supply network is equal to the ratio of the heat load of the corresponding heat exchange station to the total heat load of the heat supply network;
and the electric regulating valve is arranged on a water supply pipeline at the primary network side of each heat exchange station.
And the secondary network water supply pipeline and the secondary network water return pipeline of the heat exchange station are both provided with remote temperature measuring points.
The opening control strategy of the electric regulating valve of the heat exchange station is full-network temperature equalization regulation, the large-amplitude fluctuation of the hydraulic working condition of the whole network caused by the simultaneous PID regulation of all the heat exchange stations is avoided, safety accidents are induced, and the control target is that the average temperature of the supply water and the return water of the secondary networks of all the heat exchange stations is consistent (the positive and negative deviation is 0.5 ℃);
the whole-network temperature equalization adjusting strategy is based on an iterative model of temperature and valve opening, and specifically comprises the following steps:
Ti(t)＝(tgi(t)+thi(t))/2
in the above formula, Tn(T +1) is the average value of the temperature of the supply water and the return water of the secondary network of n heat exchange stations at the moment of T +1, Ti(t) is the temperature equalization of supply return water of the second grade net of the ith heat exchange station at time t, i is the number of heat exchange stations, i is 1, 2gi(t)、thi(t) supply and return water temperatures of the secondary network of the ith heat exchange station at the moment t, respectively, fiAnd (t) is the opening degree of the regulating valve of the ith heat exchange station at the moment t.
After the primary network is balanced in water power, if the opening degree of the electric regulating valve of each heat exchange station is kept unchanged, and the total flow of the primary network side of the heat exchange network deviates from a design value, the equal ratio of each heat exchange station is out of order, the uniform over supply or under supply is realized, and the phenomenon of uneven cold and heat cannot be generated;
after the primary network is balanced in hydraulic power, if the hydraulic power loss of the total number of the heat exchange stations 1/4 exceeds a design range (less than 0.9 or more than 1.2) due to thermal power adjustment, hydraulic power adjustment needs to be carried out again;
step 3, carrying out thermal regulation on the heat supply initial station to realize the thermal balance of the primary network;
the basic principle of the first-stage regulation of heat supply is to adjust the heat input by the first-stage network side in time according to the heat load required by the heat supply network side.
The regulation of the input heat of the primary network side adopts a quality and quantity parallel regulation mode, namely, the water supply flow is changed, and the water supply temperature is changed.
The primary network quality parallel regulation mode is based on a flow and temperature model and specifically comprises the following steps:
τ2＝τ1-(τ‘1-τ‘2)
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
relative heating heat duty ratio, tnCalculating the temperature, t, for heating roomswIs real time outdoor average temperature, t'wThe temperature is calculated for the heating room outside,
g is the actual running flow of the primary net, G 'is the flow ratio'1Designing traffic, τ, for a primary network1、τ2Is the actual supply and return water temperature of the primary net'1、τ‘2Designing supply and return water temperature t 'for primary net'g、t'hDesigning supply and return water temperature t for secondary networkgActual water supply temperature for the secondary network; e.g. of the typeCCalculating a coefficient; c calculating coefficients.
And the change of the water supply flow is realized by adjusting the number and the operating frequency of the circulating pumps at the first heating station.
And the change of the water supply temperature is realized by adjusting the opening of an electric adjusting valve at the water side of the steam-water heat exchanger at the first heat supply station.
The total water supply flow of the initial station is equal to the sum of the primary network flows of all the heat exchange stations;
and the total output heat of the initial station is equal to the sum of the input heat of the primary network of each heat exchange station.
Step 4, carrying out thermal regulation on each heat exchange station to realize thermal balance of the secondary network;
the basic principle of the heat exchange station heat regulation is to adjust the heat output by the secondary network in time according to the heat load carried by the heat exchange station.
The regulation of the output heat of the secondary network adopts a staged quality regulation mode, namely, the regulation is divided into a plurality of stages according to the outdoor average temperature, the flow is kept unchanged in each stage, and only the water supply temperature is changed;
the two-level network stage quality regulation mode is based on a flow and temperature model and specifically comprises the following steps:
Δt′s＝0.5(t′g+t′h-2tn)
Δt′j＝t′g-t′hformula (3)
In the above formula, G is the actual operation flow of the primary network; g'1Designing flow for a primary network;
is the flow ratio at the stage; t is tg、thActual supply and return water temperature of the secondary network; t'g、t′hDesigning supply and return water temperatures for the secondary network;
relative heating heat load ratio; delta t'sCalculating the temperature difference for the design average of the user radiator; delta t'jSupplying and returning water temperature difference for the design of users; t is tnCalculating the temperature for the heating room; b is a constant determined by the form of the heat sink selected by the user.
The staged quality regulation mode divides the heat supply season into 3 stages according to the outdoor average temperature, the running flow of each stage is obtained by resolving and solving an optimal flow ratio, and the optimal flow ratio is the corresponding flow ratio when the objective function value is minimum;
the objective function is the power consumption of the circulating pump of the heat exchange station in the whole heat supply season, and the mathematical model is as follows:
wherein E is the total electricity consumption of the whole heating period of the heat exchange station, E100、
Respectively 100 percent,
The power consumption during the operation of the flow is designed,
for dividing two optimal flow ratios in three stages, A is a unit conversion coefficient, delta P' is the system pressure loss under the operation of the design flow, and NPFor designing the number of heating days, the heating area is determined to be constant, N1、N2Are respectively as
The number of days for designing flow operation, beta and d are constants, and are determined by the design heating parameters of the heating area.
As can be seen from equation (4), the objective function is
And
in order to minimize E, can
And
namely:
the binary equation can be solved by a computer to obtain
And
the corresponding outdoor average temperature at the stage and the cumulative number of days of operation for that stage can be calculated as follows:
the change of the water supply flow of the secondary network is realized by adjusting the number and the operating frequency of the circulating pumps of the heat exchange station;
the change of the water supply temperature of the secondary network is realized by adjusting the opening of an electric adjusting valve of the heat exchange station;
step 5, optimizing the heat source side configuration and adaptively adjusting the output of the heat source side through heat network side heat load prediction to realize the cooperative adjustment among network sources;
the heat network side heat load prediction comprises a steady state heat load prediction and a dynamic heat load prediction;
the prediction of the steady-state heat load at the side of the heat supply network is to calculate the maximum heat load required in the alpine period, namely the design heat load of the heat supply network, and the calculation is carried out according to the following formula:
Qn＝qf·A·10-3(formula 7)
In the formula, QnDesign the heat load (kW), q for heatingfIs an area heat index (W/m)2) A is total area of the building (m)2)；
The heat supply network side dynamic heat load prediction is used for calculating the required heat load when the heat supply network corresponds to different outdoor average temperatures, and the required heat load is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, Q, QnDesign the heat load (kW), t, for real timen、tw、t′wIndoor calculation, outdoor real-time, outdoor design temperature (deg.C) respectively.
The optimized heat source side configuration is to determine the optimal operation mode of the heat source side on the premise of guaranteeing the predicted heat network side heat load;
the adaptive adjustment of the heat source output is to adjust parameters and flow of unit heating steam extraction according to the heat load demand of the heat network side, so that the heat output by the heat source side is equal to the heat required by the heat network side, and the heat is neither over-supplied nor under-supplied, thereby realizing the cooperative adjustment between the heat network and the heat source.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent and efficient heat supply network operation adjusting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, carrying out hydraulic adjustment on a secondary network to balance the hydraulic force of the secondary network;
step 2, carrying out hydraulic adjustment on the primary network on the basis of hydraulic balance of the secondary network so as to balance the hydraulic balance of the primary network;
step 3, respectively carrying out thermal regulation on the heat supply initial station and each heat exchange station on the basis of the hydraulic balance of the heat supply network side so as to balance the thermal of the heat supply network side;
and 4, predicting the heat load on the heat network side on the basis of the hydraulic power and thermal power balance of the heat network side, optimizing the configuration on the heat source side according to the prediction result of the heat load on the heat network side, and adaptively adjusting the output of the heat source side to realize the cooperative adjustment among network sources.
2. The method for regulating the operation of the intelligent and efficient heat supply network according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the hydraulic regulation is performed on the secondary network, so that the hydraulic balance of the secondary network is realized, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
collecting return water temperatures of all user unit buildings in each heat exchange station area;
calculating theoretical average return water temperatures of all unit buildings in the area of the heat exchange station according to the collected return water temperatures;
and controlling the opening of the target regulating valve by using the theoretical average return water temperature, so that the ratio of the flow obtained by each user unit building to the total circulating flow of the secondary network of the heat exchange station is equal to the ratio of the heat load of the corresponding unit building to the total heat load of the heat exchange station.
3. The method for adjusting the operation of the intelligent and efficient heat supply network according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the primary network is hydraulically adjusted to balance the hydraulic power of the primary network, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the average temperature of the supply water and the return water of the secondary networks of all the heat exchange stations is consistent as a control target, the valve opening is adjusted by adopting a full-network temperature-equalizing adjustment method, and the ratio of the flow obtained by each heat exchange station to the total circulating flow of the primary network of the heat supply network is equal to the ratio of the heat load of the corresponding heat exchange station to the total heat load of the heat supply network.
4. The intelligent and efficient heat supply network operation adjusting method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the valve opening degree is adjusted by adopting a whole-network temperature equalization adjusting method, and the specific method is as follows:
collecting the water supply temperature and the water return temperature of a secondary network of each heat exchange station;
calculating the temperature of supply water and return water of the secondary network of each heat exchange station;
calculating the average value of the temperature of the supply water and the return water of the secondary networks of all the heat exchange stations;
and (4) iteratively calculating the corresponding valve opening when the temperature of the supply water and the return water of the secondary network of each heat exchange station reaches the average value.
5. The method for regulating the operation of the intelligent and efficient heat supply network according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the heat supply primary station is subjected to thermal regulation so that the primary network is thermally balanced, specifically adopting a quality combining and regulating method, specifically:
τ2＝τ1-(τ‘1-τ‘2)
wherein,
relative heating heat load ratio; t is tnCalculating the temperature for the heating room; t is twReal-time outdoor average temperature; t'wCalculating the temperature for the heating room;
is the flow ratio; g is the actual operation flow of the primary network; g'IDesigning flow for a primary network; tau is1、τ2The actual water supply temperature and the actual water return temperature of the primary network are respectively set; tau'1、τ‘2Designing water supply temperature and water return temperature for the primary network respectively; t'g、t'hDesigning water supply temperature and water return temperature for the secondary network respectively; t is tgActual water supply temperature for the secondary network; e.g. of the typeCTo calculate the coefficients; and C is a calculation coefficient.
6. An intelligent and efficient heat supply network operation adjusting method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, each heat exchange station is thermally adjusted to realize thermodynamic balance of a secondary network, specifically, a staged adjusting method is adopted, specifically:
dividing the heat supply season into three stages according to the outdoor average temperature, calculating the operation flow ratio of each stage, and further respectively calculating the operation flow and the accumulated operation days corresponding to each stage according to the following formula:
calculating the real-time outdoor average temperature corresponding to each stage according to the following formula:
respectively calculating the actual water supply temperature and the actual water return temperature of the secondary network at each stage according to the following formulas:
wherein G is the actual operation flow of the primary network; g'1Designing flow for a primary network;
is the flow ratio at the stage; t is tg、thActual water supply temperature and actual water return temperature of the secondary network are respectively set; t'g、t'hDesigning water supply temperature and water return temperature for the secondary network respectively;
relative heating heat load ratio; delta t'sCalculating the temperature difference for the design average of the user radiator; delta t'jDesigning a temperature difference between a water supply temperature and a water return temperature for a user; t is tnCalculating the temperature for the heating room; b is a constant; n is the accumulated running days of each stage; beta and d are constants; n is a radical ofPThe number of days for heating is designed.
7. The method for adjusting the operation of the intelligent and efficient heat supply network according to claim 6, wherein the operation flow ratio of each stage is calculated by:
the power consumption of all heat exchange station circulating pumps in the whole heating season is set as an objective function, and the mathematical expression is as follows:
and taking the corresponding flow ratio when the objective function value is minimum as the operation flow ratio of each stage.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, the heat supply network side heat load is predicted by:
the heat network side heat load prediction comprises a steady state heat load prediction and a dynamic heat load prediction, wherein:
the steady state thermal load is predicted by:
Qn＝qf·A·10-3
in the formula, QnDesigning a thermal load for heating; q. q.sfIs an area heat indicator; a is the total area of the building;
the dynamic thermal load is predicted by:
in the formula, Q, QnRespectively designing real-time heat load and heat load; t is tn、tw、t′wRespectively for indoor calculation temperature, outdoor real-time temperature, outdoor design temperature.
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