CN113445043A - Surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113445043A CN113445043A CN202110652315.4A CN202110652315A CN113445043A CN 113445043 A CN113445043 A CN 113445043A CN 202110652315 A CN202110652315 A CN 202110652315A CN 113445043 A CN113445043 A CN 113445043A
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
Abstract
The invention discloses a surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating and a preparation method thereof, and the self-lubricating coating comprises the following components: laser cladding of the nickel-based coating on the surface of the substrate; machining a micro-pit texture on the surface of the nickel-based coating by using electric spark; the solid lubricant is mixed with resin and then filled into the micro-pit texture. The invention combines three antifriction and wear-resistant methods of high hardness performance of the nickel-based coating, antifriction performance of surface micro-pit texture and lubricating performance of the lubricant, the obtained coating has better effect aging, the service life is also improved, and the coating has excellent lubricating performance, wear resistance, self-repairing performance and stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of surface engineering, and particularly relates to a surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the service process of mechanical parts, the frictional wear behavior between the surface interfaces in mutual contact directly affects the service life, the working efficiency, the bearing capacity and the safety factor of the whole equipment. Therefore, how to improve the surface wear resistance is always the focus of research. Researches show that the surface modification technology can further enhance the wear-resistant and friction-reducing performance of the base material on the basis of keeping the original advantages of the base material. Laser cladding is used as an advanced surface modification technology, the characteristic of extremely high focusing energy of a high-energy laser beam is utilized, powder preset on the surface of a base material or synchronous with laser is completely melted at the same time, the base material is partially melted, a novel composite material is formed, and the cladding layer is metallurgically combined with a base body to achieve the purpose of surface modification. The laser cladding high-hardness wear-resistant coating can improve the wear resistance of materials to a great extent, but the high-hardness surface aggravates the wear of mating parts, the friction reducing effect cannot be achieved, and the wear life of friction parts cannot be prolonged. Patent publication No. CN111020559A discloses a high-temperature-resistant self-lubricating coating on the surface of a titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof, the coating can reduce the friction and wear of the coating and a mating part, and the wear-resistant service life of the titanium alloy is obviously prolonged, but because the hardness of a lubricant is low, the problem that the hardness of the coating is reduced when the self-lubricating coating is prepared by adding the lubricant exists, and the coating prepared by adding the lubricant has preparation defects of air holes, cracks and the like.
In the prior art, the surface micro-texturing technology is a method with great potential for improving the wear resistance, and the micro-texture can change the contact state of materials in the friction process and improve the friction and wear performance of the micro-surface. Patent publication No. CN109593442B discloses a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance self-lubricating coating based on a micro-texture surface self-repairing and self-lubricating coating, and microcapsules storing the self-repairing and self-lubricating in the micro-texture can continuously supplement on a friction surface to form a continuous lubricating film. However, during rubbing, the structural wear of the texture itself can reduce the wear life of the material.
The laser cladding layer on the surface of the part achieves the purpose of improving the wear resistance, but has the problems of poor antifriction effect, aggravation of wear of a friction pair part, reduction of coating hardness after adding a lubricant and the like. The surface texture treatment of the part can store lubricating oil, abrasive particles and the like to achieve the purpose of reducing friction, but the textured surface reduces the actual contact area of the surface and the bearing capacity of the textured surface is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of insufficient antifriction performance of a cladding layer and structural wear caused by the fact that the texture reduces the actual contact area in the prior art, the invention provides a surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating with high wear resistance and long service life and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating is characterized in that a nickel-based coating is laser-clad on the surface of a base material; the surface of the nickel-based coating is processed with a micro-pit texture by electric spark, and the micro-pit array has the size of 200um diameter, 30-80um depth and 300-500um spacing; the micro-pit texture is filled with a mixed lubricant, the mixed lubricant is resin glue and solid lubricant molybdenum disulfide accounting for 40% -60% of the total mass, the resin glue is epoxy resin E-44 and low molecular polyamide resin 650, and the resin glue and the low molecular polyamide resin are mixed and stirred according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
The preparation method of the surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating comprises the following steps:
1) roughening the surface of the base material, cleaning the surface of a sample, and preparing a nickel-based coating on the surface of the base material by laser cladding;
2) processing a micro-pit texture on the surface of the nickel-based coating, wherein the size of a micro-pit array is 200-;
3) mixing the resin adhesive and molybdenum disulfide serving as a solid lubricant accounting for 40-60% of the mixed mass into paste, compounding the paste with the micro-pits obtained in the step 2), and curing at normal temperature.
The nickel-based coating comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.5-1.1%, Cr: 15-20%, B: 3-4.5%, Si: 3.5-4.5%, Fe: 15%, Ni: the rest is powder with a particle size of 53-150 um.
The fiber laser for preparing the wear-resistant coating in the step 1) has the laser power of 1.8-3.5kw, the laser scanning of 400-600mm/min, the powder feeding rate of 25g/min, the laser spot of 5X5mm and the coating thickness of 0.8-1 mm.
Step 1), grinding the surface of the coating until Ra is 0.1-0.4 um;
and step 2) the micro pits are processed by electric sparks, the processing voltage is 380V, the processing current is 0.1-1A, the pulse width is 0.2-1.5us, the pulse pause is 0.2-1.5us, and the vibration frequency is 300-800 HZ.
And in the step 3), the resin adhesive is epoxy resin E-44 and low molecular polyamide resin 650 which are mixed and stirred according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
Compared with the existing antifriction structure, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) compared with surface modification technologies such as thermal spraying, ion spraying and the like, the cladding layer of laser cladding has better bonding property with the matrix. The bonding strength between the surface micro-pit texture based on the laser cladding layer and the metal substrate is high.
(2) The wear-resistant coating has high structural hardness and good wear resistance, so that the micro texture is processed on the surface of the coating, and the texture still has higher bearing capacity although the actual contact area of a contact surface is reduced.
(3) The method of mixing the epoxy resin as the adhesive with the solid lubricating material and filling the mixture on the microtextured surface ensures that the coating has better effect and aging, and the service life is also prolonged. The self-lubricating coating based on the microtextured surface has excellent lubricating property, wear resistance, self-repairability and stability.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of preparation of a micro-pit self-lubricating coating on the surface of 42CrMo steel in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating, wherein: 1 is a micro-pit texture, 2 is a solid lubricant, 3 is a base material, and 4 is a nickel-based cladding layer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional contour of a single dimple of the cladding layer surface, which is seen to be the contour width (0.2mm) and depth (0.08mm) of the dimple;
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of friction coefficients of a 42CrMo substrate under different surface treatment modes, wherein the friction coefficients of the substrate and a cladding layer are obviously higher than those of a dimple self-lubricating coating on the surface of the coating, the substrate and the cladding layer are unstable, and the dimple self-lubricating coating on the surface of the coating is lower in friction coefficient and stable.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. It is to be noted that the following examples are only intended to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that one of ordinary skill in the art would be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and improvements to the present invention, including microtexture storage of other lubricants, microtexture shapes and sizes, microtextured substrates, and the like, while remaining within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating, which comprises the following components: laser cladding of the nickel-based coating on the surface of the substrate; machining a micro-pit texture on the surface of the nickel-based coating by using electric spark; and mixing the solid lubricant with resin to obtain a mixture, and filling the mixture into the micro-pit texture. The invention combines three antifriction and wear-resistant methods of high hardness performance of the nickel-based coating, antifriction performance of surface micro-pit texture and lubricating performance of the lubricant to obtain the novel surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating. The method has the advantages that the method has synergistic effect, so that the structure realizes self-lubrication of the surface while improving the anti-friction and anti-friction performance of the surface, and meets the use requirements of parts under severe working conditions.
Example 1, with reference to fig. 1 and 2, the preparation of a surface crater self-lubricating coating comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a coating:
1) the base material 3 is 42CrMo steel, and the surface of the base material is roughened and cleaned.
2) Selecting stellite Ni60 alloy powder as powder, uniformly mixing by a ball mill, and drying, wherein the powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.76%, Cr: 15.99%, B: 3.02%, Si: 3.98%, Fe: 14.42%, Ni: the rest is powder with a particle size of 53-150 um.
3) And laser cladding a coating on the alloy surface, wherein alloy powder is blown to the alloy steel surface by a coaxial powder feeding method and by using protective gas as powder carrying gas.
4) The coating is prepared by laser cladding, the laser power is 1800w, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 25g/min, the laser spot is 5x5mm, and the coating thickness is 1 mm.
4) And (3) after cladding, carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling, checking the surface hardness and PT dye penetrant inspection according to requirements after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, detecting that no imaging defect exists, forming an alloy coating which is free of air holes and good in binding property on the surface of the alloy, and grinding and polishing the surface roughness Ra of the coating to be 0.4 mu m to obtain the nickel-based cladding layer 4 shown in the figure 2.
(2) And (3) micro-pit texture processing:
1) and machining a micro-pit texture 1 on the surface of the cladding layer 4 by adopting an electric spark punching technology, wherein the micro-pit array size is 200um in diameter, 80um in depth and 400um in spacing.
2) By adopting an electric spark punching technology, the machining voltage is 380V, the machining current is 0.375A, the pulse width is 0.8us, the pulse pause is 0.6us, and the vibration frequency is 560HZ, so that the micro-pit texture 1 is obtained.
Referring to fig. 3, the three-dimensional profile of the micro-pit texture can be seen, the width of the micro-pit is 200um, and the depth is 80 um.
(3) Preparing a self-lubricating coating:
1) and (3) placing the micro-pit texture into absolute ethyl alcohol, ultrasonically cleaning for 30min, and drying by cold air.
2) The epoxy resin E-44 and the low molecular polyamide resin 650 are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, stirred evenly and mixed with the solid lubricant molybdenum disulfide accounting for 50 percent of the total mass into paste to obtain the solid lubricant 2.
3) And (3) coating the solid lubricant 2 on the micro-pit texture 1, curing at normal temperature for 32h, and polishing to remove the redundant solid lubricant 2.
And (3) friction test:
the substrate dimple self-lubricating coating obtained in example 1 was taken and the coefficient of friction was examined under the following experimental conditions. Test equipment: HT-1000 high-temperature friction wear testing machine manufactured by Kaikaywa Kagaku technologies, Inc. of Lanzhou; the friction mode is as follows: rotating and dry-rubbing;
test environment temperature: room temperature;
the contact mode is as follows: ball-to-disk contact;
grinding balls are ground: 6.0mm diameter GCr15 sphere;
sliding speed: 0.1 m/s;
test load: 4N, and (3).
Test time: 60 min;
referring to fig. 4, in a friction experiment, the friction coefficient of the 42CrMo base material is about 0.7, and is increased and then reduced, so that the friction coefficient is unstable; the friction coefficient of the Ni60 cladding layer is 0.5, and is continuously increased, and the friction coefficient is unstable; the friction coefficient of the micro-pit texture is 0.3, and the coefficient change is stable.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that: and (3) machining micro pits on the surface of the coating by adopting an electric spark drilling technology in the step (2), wherein the size of a micro pit array is 200um in diameter, 50um in depth and 500um in spacing. Otherwise, the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated.
Claims (7)
1. A surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating is characterized in that a nickel-based coating is laser-clad on the surface of a base material; the surface of the nickel-based coating is processed with a micro-pit texture by electric spark, and the micro-pit array has the size of 200um diameter, 30-80um depth and 300-500um spacing; the micro-pit texture is filled with a mixed lubricant, the mixed lubricant is resin glue and solid lubricant molybdenum disulfide accounting for 40% -60% of the total mass, the resin glue is epoxy resin E-44 and low molecular polyamide resin 650, and the resin glue and the low molecular polyamide resin are mixed and stirred according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
2. The method for preparing the surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
1) roughening the surface of the base material, cleaning the surface of a sample, and preparing a nickel-based coating on the surface of the base material by laser cladding;
2) processing a micro-pit texture on the surface of the nickel-based coating, wherein the size of a micro-pit array is 200-;
3) mixing the resin adhesive and molybdenum disulfide serving as a solid lubricant accounting for 40-60% of the mixed mass into paste, compounding the paste with the micro-pits obtained in the step 2), and curing at normal temperature.
3. The preparation method of the surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating according to claim 2, wherein the nickel-based coating in step 1) comprises the following alloy powder chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.5-1.1%, Cr: 15-20%, B: 3-4.5%, Si: 3.5-4.5%, Fe: 15%, Ni: the rest is powder with a particle size of 53-150 um.
4. The method for preparing the surface micro-pit self-lubricating coating according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the step 1) of preparing the wear-resistant coating uses a fiber laser, the laser power is 1.8-3.5kw, the laser scanning is 400 mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 25g/min, the laser spot is 5X5mm, and the coating thickness is 0.8-1 mm.
5. The method for preparing the surface pit self-lubricating coating according to claim 3, wherein the coating surface of step 1) is ground to Ra of 0.1-0.4 um.
6. The method for preparing the surface pit self-lubricating coating according to claim 5, wherein the pits in step 2) are processed by electric spark, the processing voltage is 380V, the processing current is 0.1-1A, the pulse width is 0.2-1.5us, the pulse pause is 0.2-1.5us, and the vibration frequency is 300-.
7. The preparation method of the surface pit self-lubricating coating according to claim 6, wherein the resin adhesive in step 3) is epoxy resin E-44 and low molecular polyamide resin 650, and the epoxy resin E-44 and the low molecular polyamide resin 650 are mixed and stirred according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
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| CN114351136A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-15 | 国营芜湖机械厂 | Gradient repairing and enhancing method for wear surface of airplane super-strong steel part |
| CN114395761A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for improving antifriction and wear resistance of matrix |
| CN114535932A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-27 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method of hydrophobic and oleophobic titanium alloy plate with laser processing framework strengthening structure |
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| CN114535932A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-27 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method of hydrophobic and oleophobic titanium alloy plate with laser processing framework strengthening structure |
| CN115044901A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-13 | 西安工业大学 | Ordered microporous wear-resistant self-lubricating coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN115044901B (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2023-09-15 | 西安工业大学 | Ordered microporous wear-resistant self-lubricating coating and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210928 |