CN113444368A - Flexible sensing material with variable piezoresistive performance and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Flexible sensing material with variable piezoresistive performance and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible sensing material with variable piezoresistive properties, and a preparation method and application thereof, and specifically comprises a conductive filler, a magnetic filler and an elastic high polymer material. Wherein the three-dimensional network structure of the conductive filling material is damaged under the action of external force, so that the resistivity of the material is changed; when the stress is removed, the conductive network is recovered by relying on the elasticity of the high polymer material, the resistivity of the material returns to the initial state, and the detection of the stress can be completed; under the action of a magnetic field, the magnetic filler in the material moves along the direction of the magnetic field to form a chain-shaped structure, so that the compression modulus of the piezoresistive sensing material is increased, and the pressure detection range of the sensing material under the same compressive strain is further adjusted. Compared with the traditional flexible piezoresistive material, the material disclosed by the invention keeps higher response sensitivity in a low stress range; the working range is greatly improved after the magnetic field is applied. The flexible stress sensor can detect micro stress and large stress, and is favorable for portability, integration and intelligent design of the flexible stress sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flexible piezoresistive composite material, belongs to the field of intelligent materials, and particularly belongs to a sensor material with piezoresistive performance adapted to magnetic field environment change. The invention also relates to a preparation method and application of the flexible piezoresistive sensor material.
Background
The flexible piezoresistive sensing material is an intelligent material which deforms under the action of external force and causes resistance change of the flexible piezoresistive sensing material. The material is a core sensing material of a stress-strain sensor and is widely applied to the fields of medical health, automobiles, industrial automation, aerospace and the like.
In the prior art, the invention patent application with the application number of 201910806047 and the name of X of the inventor of Chinese scientific and technical university and the preparation method and application thereof discloses a multifunctional flexible sensing material, which comprises a magnetorheological layer and a conductive layer, so that the multifunctional flexible sensing material has a magnetorheological effect, can generate stress strain under the action of a magnetic field, has a piezoresistive effect and can generate resistance change under the stress strain. The material has the properties and application prospect of intelligent materials.
As the integration and portability of sensing systems are becoming a trend of future development, piezoresistive sensor materials are required to maintain high response sensitivity and have a wide operating range. However, the piezoresistive sensing materials studied at present are difficult to satisfy both high sensitivity and wide working range due to the limitation of material structure; and the prior art never discovers and realizes that the piezoresistive performance of the elastomer material can realize adjustable effect according to the influence of application scenes. Once the existing flexible piezoresistive sensing material is prepared, the microstructure and the mechanical property of the flexible piezoresistive sensing material are basically stable, so that the piezoresistive properties (such as working range, response sensitivity and the like) are difficult to adjust according to the change of a test environment, and the application of the flexible piezoresistive sensing material in the aspect of flexible stress sensing is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a flexible sensing material with suitable piezoresistive properties, and a preparation method and applications thereof, so as to at least partially solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems. The invention prepares the flexible piezoresistive material based on the magneto-rheological effect, and the piezoresistive material keeps higher response sensitivity in a small stress range; after a magnetic field is applied, the compression strength of the material is greatly improved due to the magneto-rheological effect, so that the working range of the material is also greatly improved, and the controllable adjustment type adaptation of the piezoresistive performance of the material is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, as an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a flexible sensing material with suitable piezoresistive properties, comprising a first filler, a second filler and a matrix material, wherein the first filler is selected from conductive materials with a spatially cross-linked three-dimensional network structure having pore diameters of 10 to 80 μm, the second filler is selected from ferromagnetic materials with a remanent magnetization of 0 and a saturation magnetization of 500-20000Oe, and the matrix material is selected from elastic polymer materials with a precursor satisfying a fluid state with a viscosity of 0.1 to 1000 cP.
In particular, the content of said first filler is between 0.5 and 10% by weight, preferably between 2 and 7% by weight; the content of the second filler is 20 to 50 wt%, preferably 30 to 45 wt%; the content of the matrix material is 40 to 80 wt%, preferably 43 to 68 wt%.
Further, the first filler is obtained by carbonizing a carbon-containing organic foam material, wherein the carbon-containing organic foam material is preferably a thermosetting material and comprises phenolic resin, urea resin, melamine resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, aminoplast and alkyd plastic, and is preferably one or a combination of any of phenolic resin, polymelamine, polyurethane, regenerated cellulose and starch plastic.
Preferably, the second filler is selected from materials containing one or more combinations of carbonylated iron, nickel and cobalt, preferably carbonyl iron powder; the particle size of the second filler is 10nm-10 mu m.
Preferably, the elastic polymer material is selected from synthetic rubber or natural rubber, and is preferably selected from one or a combination of any of silicone rubber, polyurethane rubber and natural rubber.
In particular, the polymer material coats the first filler, and the second filler is dispersed in pores of the first filler.
As another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing the flexible sensing material with suitable piezoresistive properties is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carbonizing a carbon-containing organic foam material in a high-temperature oxygen-free environment to prepare a conductive carbon skeleton material with a space cross-linked three-dimensional network structure, namely a first filler;
(2) dispersing a second filler with ferromagnetism in an elastic macromolecule precursor to form a composite fluid, and then impregnating the prepared first filler with the composite fluid;
(3) and (3) fully soaking, uniformly mixing, defoaming and the like, and curing to obtain the flexible sensing material with the appropriate piezoresistive properties.
Further, the high-temperature oxygen-free environment in the step (1) is an environment at 600-2He, etc., the high temperature is preferably 800-1200 ℃.
Particularly, the temperature rising and reducing rate of the carbonization process in the step (1) is not more than 20 ℃/min, and the carbonization process is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere for 2-3 h. We have surprisingly found that too rapid a temperature change can result in deformation or poor retention of the structure of the carbonized material.
Further, the elastic polymer precursor in step (2) includes a monomer, a prepolymer, an oligomer, and the like, and is preferably selected from a combination including one or more of polyisocyanates, polyols, polysiloxanes, tetraethoxysilane, polyethyl silicate, and crude rubber.
In particular, the elastomeric polymer precursor satisfies a fluid state having a viscosity of 0.1 to 1000cP, preferably 10 to 500 cP. Suitable viscosity acquisition may be achieved by addition of solvents or other physical conditions known in the art.
Particularly, the step (2) further comprises the step of adding a cross-linking agent into the formed composite fluid and uniformly mixing.
Further, the curing in the step (3) includes a mode of adopting external conditions such as heating, light irradiation, humidification and the like.
In particular, the curing time in the step (3) is not less than 10 min.
The preparation method provided by the invention can be used for preparing products meeting the application requirements, and the physical properties of the products comprise:
mechanical properties: the compressive strength is 0-2MPa, and the compressive modulus is 0.5-100 MPa;
electrical properties: the resistivity ranges from 0.01S/m to 100S/m;
magnetorheological/piezoresistive performance aspects: sensitivity (═ resistance change/stress change): 1X 10-4-10kPa-1The effective test range of the stress is 0-1MPa within the range of 0.01-5 Hz.
As a further aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a use of a flexible sensing material with suitable piezoresistive properties in a sensing device, including as a motion monitoring component of a wearable device, a bicycle, a balance car, or the like.
Preferably, the application comprises a component in a bracelet, a respiration monitoring device, a pedometer and the like.
Furthermore, when the magnetic field of the use environment changes, the motion monitoring component can realize the self-adaptive piezoresistive performance adjustment.
For the sensor material provided by the invention, when an application performance test is carried out, the application performance test surprisingly finds that the special effects provided by the application of the sensor material as a sensor component comprise: the related research carried out by people comprises that the prepared composite material monitors respiration and arm movement in a magnetic field-free state, and proves that the composite material has better piezoresistive response performance in a low stress range; the piezoresistive response characteristics of running and toy vehicles under no load and load are respectively monitored, and the effective working range of the composite material is proved to be improved under the assistance of a magnetic field.
For this finding, we consider the possible reasons to be: the three-dimensional conductive network composed of the conductive filler is damaged under the action of external force, so that the resistivity of the material is changed; due to the elasticity of the high polymer material, after the stress is removed, the conductive network is recovered, the resistivity of the material returns to the initial state, and the stress detection is completed. In addition, under the action of a magnetic field, the ferromagnetic filler in the material moves along the direction of the magnetic field to form a chain-shaped structure, so that the compression modulus and the compression strength of the piezoresistive sensing material are simultaneously increased, and the effective pressure detection range of the piezoresistive sensing material is further adjusted.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention at least has one or part of the following beneficial effects:
1. in the low compression stress range of 0-10kPa, the stress sensor based on the material keeps higher sensitivity at 0.01-5 Hz;
2. after a magnetic field is applied, the maximum measurement stress of the sensor in the range of 0.01-5Hz is remarkably improved, and the stress test range of the sensor is effectively expanded;
3. after the magnetic field is removed, the sensor recovers a low compressive stress of 0-10kPa and a high sensitivity at 0.01-5 Hz.
Once the existing flexible piezoresistive sensing material is prepared, the microstructure and the mechanical property of the flexible piezoresistive sensing material are basically stable, so that the piezoresistive properties (such as working range, response sensitivity and the like) are difficult to adjust according to the change of a test environment, and the application of the flexible piezoresistive sensing material in the aspect of flexible stress sensing is greatly limited. The invention prepares the flexible piezoresistive material based on the magneto-rheological effect, and the piezoresistive material keeps higher response sensitivity in a small stress range; after a magnetic field is applied, the compression strength of the material is greatly improved due to the magneto-rheological effect, so that the working range of the material is also greatly improved, and the controllable adjustment of the piezoresistive performance of the material is realized.
Compared with the traditional flexible piezoresistive material, the flexible piezoresistive sensing material has the advantages that the response sensitivity is kept higher in a low stress range; after the magnetic field is applied, the working range is greatly improved. The material can realize the detection of micro stress and large stress, and is favorable for the portable, integrated and intelligent design of the flexible stress sensor.
The piezoresistive adaptive composite material is composed of magnetic particles, conductive carbon foam and a flexible polymer matrix. Under the action of external force, the conductive carbon foam generates structural damage, and the resistance of the composite material is increased; after the external force is removed, the carbon foam is restored to the initial state due to the high elasticity of the flexible polymer matrix, so that the resistance of the composite material is also restored to the initial state. Due to the low compression modulus of the flexible polymer matrix, the composite material maintains high sensitivity in a low stress range. In addition, under the action of a magnetic field, magnetic particles in the composite material move along the direction of the magnetic field line, so that the compression strength and the compression modulus of the composite material are greatly improved, and the test range of the composite material on the compression stress is expanded; meanwhile, when the magnetic field is removed, the piezoresistive properties of the composite material are restored to the initial state, so that the piezoresistive properties of the material can be controllably adjusted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the microstructure of a flexible sensing material with suitable piezoresistive properties according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall manufacturing process of the flexible sensing material with suitable piezoresistive properties provided by the present invention
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of a flexible sensing material with suitable piezoresistive properties according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a piezoresistive response performance test of a flexible sensing material with variable piezoresistive performance provided by the invention
FIG. 5 shows the piezoresistive properties of the flexible sensing material with variable piezoresistive properties under different compressive stresses and different magnetic field strengths provided by the invention
FIG. 6 shows the piezoresistive response characteristics of the flexible sensing material with variable piezoresistive properties at different operating frequencies
FIG. 7 is a microscopic electron micrograph of the flexible sensing material with suitable piezoresistive properties, which is provided by the invention, under the action of cyclic compressive stress of 120kPa in the magnetic fields of 0(a, c) and 300(b, d) mT
FIG. 8 shows the application of the flexible sensing material with suitable piezoresistive properties in monitoring respiration, arm movement and walking
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the application of the piezoresistive property-adaptive flexible sensing material in monitoring the no-load and the load of a toy vehicle
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the following examples are only for the understanding of the contents of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The novel flexible pressure sensor is provided by introducing the carbon aerogel conductive filler prepared from commercial carbon-containing foam into the ferromagnetic filler and the elastic polymer composite material, has medium sensitivity in a low-pressure state, and improves the detection limit. Similar to conventional flexible piezoresistive sensors, the flexible piezoresistive sensor material has moderate sensitivity at low pressure; on the other hand, since the modulus of the flexible piezoresistive sensor material increases under a magnetic field, the detection limit of pressure can be increased by the magnetic field. The sensing performance of the flexible piezoresistive sensor material in the absence and presence of a magnetic field is characterized by a systematic method. Furthermore, the high sensitivity and large detection limit of sensors made of this material are demonstrated by recording low pressure activities (e.g. breathing and hand movements) and high pressure stimuli (e.g. walking and driving).
The invention is illustrated by the following preferred embodiments:
example 1
Materials: silicone (Ecoflex 00-20, parts a and B) is provided by Smooth-On, inc; magnetic Carbonyl Iron Particles (CIP) were obtained from nanggong xindun alloy welding materials spray limited; melamine sponge was purchased from kanghao polymer science limited.
The method comprises the following steps:
the commercially produced poly-melamine foam is carbonized at high temperature by a high-temperature carbonization method to prepare the carbon foam material (CS) with a three-dimensional conductive network structure. The method comprises washing organic foam material in ethanol to remove impurities, drying, placing in a tubular furnace, and introducing N at 800 deg.C under inert gas protection2Carbonizing for 2 hr in atmosphere, cooling to room temperature under inert gas protection, and cutting into 40 × 11 × 3.5mm pieces3To form a Carbon Sponge (CS).
Uniformly compounding and dispersing Carbonyl Iron Particles (CIP) and silicone resin in a series of proportions, soaking the composite fluid into carbon foam (CS), defoaming in vacuum, curing at 40 ℃ for 4-6 hours, and forming to prepare a CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite material;
when the CS/CIP/silicon rubber composite material is used as a sensor, the method further comprises the step of coating silver paste on two ends of the carbon foam by using aluminum foil as electrodes.
The overall manufacturing process of the CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite sensor is shown in fig. 3. Briefly, CS is determined by adding at N2Obtained by high-temperature carbonization of melamine foam in an atmosphere and welding electrodes at both ends. A magnetic CIP/silicone composite fluid obtained by physically mixing CIP and silicone and injecting into the CS; and then cured at 40 ℃ for 4-6h to obtain the highly flexible CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite sensor. Due to the high conductivity of CS (0.29S/m), the conductivity of the prepared CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite sensor is 0.18S/m. Furthermore, a three-dimensional network with pore sizes of several tens of microns facilitates the injection of magnetic CIP with a diameter of about 7 μm into the CS.
Example 2
Materials: MDI and polyether are provided by the Tantadi Wanhua; the carbonyl nickel powder is obtained from Weifang Ciliaceae sodium powder metallurgy factory; phenolic resin foams are available from Shandong Shengquan chemical Co., Ltd.
The method comprises the following steps:
the phenolic resin foam obtained from commercial channels is carbonized at high temperature by a high-temperature carbonization method to prepare the carbon foam material with a three-dimensional conductive network structure. Specifically, the organic foam material is prepared inWashing with ethanol to remove impurities, drying, placing in a tube furnace, carbonizing at 900 deg.C under He atmosphere under inert gas for 2 hr, cooling to room temperature under inert gas, and cutting into 40 × 11 × 3.5mm pieces3To make carbon sponge.
Uniformly compounding and dispersing nickel carbonyl particles and MDI in a certain proportion, adding polyether, then soaking the composite fluid into carbon sponge, defoaming in vacuum, and curing and forming by ultraviolet irradiation to prepare the carbon sponge/nickel carbonyl powder/polyurethane composite material.
Example 3
Materials: natural latex is provided by Shanghai Likangming chemical Co., Ltd; carbonyl cobalt powder was obtained from mclin; starch plastic foams are commercially available.
The method comprises the following steps:
the starch plastic foam obtained from commercial channels is carbonized at high temperature by a high-temperature carbonization method to prepare the carbon foam material with a three-dimensional conductive network structure. The method comprises washing organic foam material in ethanol to remove impurities, drying, placing in a tubular furnace, and introducing N at 900 deg.C under inert gas protection2Carbonizing for 2 hr in atmosphere, cooling to room temperature under inert gas protection, and cutting into 40 × 11 × 3.5mm pieces3To make carbon sponge.
Uniformly compounding and dispersing carbonyl cobalt particles and natural latex in a certain proportion, adding a vulcanizing agent, then soaking the composite fluid into carbon sponge, defoaming in vacuum, heating to 70 ℃, and curing and forming to prepare the carbon sponge/carbonyl cobalt powder/natural rubber composite material.
And (3) product testing: all optical photographs were taken with a digital camera (ALP-AL 00). Morphological and elemental analyses of the first filler, the second filler, and the composite were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS, Phenom XL) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The electrical conductivity of the second filler and the resulting flexible piezoresistive sensing material was measured by a two-probe method using a digital multimeter (VICTOR 86E).
To characterize the pressure sensing performance, for example, the CS/CIP/silicone composite flexible piezoresistive sensor material was mounted on the base plate of a universal testing machine (SHIMADZU AGS-X) at a loading rate of 3mm/min while the sensor was connected to a digital multimeter (KEYSIGHT 34465 a).
To evaluate the pressure sensing performance under a magnetic field, a home-made test set (see fig. 4) was made, the magnetic strength of which was alternately controlled by the distance between two permanent magnets. A magnetometer (HT200, constant flux) is used to calibrate the magnetic field strength. Sensing performance is represented by the relative change in resistance (RCR ═ R0)/R0, where R and R0 are the resistance of the composite with and without external stimuli, respectively) and sensitivity (S ═ RCR/Δ P, P is the applied pressure).
And (3) performance test results: the prepared composite material is characterized by structure and performance (see figures 2-9)
Effect of CIP content on CS/CIP/Silicone rubber composite mechanical Properties
Compression tests are carried out on CIP/silicone rubber with different concentrations under a magnetic field, when the content of CIP is 40 wt%, the compressive strength of the composite material under 50 wt% strain is increased from 182kPa to 223kPa after a magnetic field is applied, the increase is 22.5%, and the increase is far larger than that of the piezoresistive strength under other contents, so that the content of CIP of 40 wt% is selected as the standard content of the composite material. (see the attached list 1)
TABLE 1 compression Strength of Silicone rubber at 0 and 300mT magnetic fields at different CIP contents with a compression strain of 50%
Piezoresistive response characteristics of CS/CIP/Silicone rubber composites
A. Carrying out a cyclic compression test with no magnetic field under different stresses, and determining that the material has good response to dynamic loading; under small stress, the material has high sensitivity and can be well measured when a magnetic field is not applied, and the effective pressure test range of the material is improved after the magnetic field is applied. As shown in FIG. 5, in the low-pressure stress range (e.g., 0.5kPa), the CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite material maintains relatively high relative resistance output in the absence of applied magnetic field; in the high-pressure stress range (such as 180kPa), the relative resistance output of the CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite material under the condition of no applied magnetic field becomes unstable, and the relative resistance output of the CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite material under the assistance of the magnetic field keeps higher stability. Fatigue tests also show that the CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite material maintains higher stability in a high stress range relative to resistance change under the assistance of a magnetic field; without the magnetic field, the relative resistance output of the CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite was unstable (FIG. 6).
B. Under high stress and high frequency, the sample without the magnetic field becomes unstable, and the sample is still stable after the magnetic field is applied, so that the measurement can be continued; and performing fatigue test to determine that the material has good fatigue resistance effect, and simultaneously, showing that the sample without a magnetic field is damaged due to obvious defects after the fatigue test because the strain is large. As shown in FIGS. 7a-b, the CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite material has many holes and cracks in the micro-morphology after 100 times of 180kPa cyclic loading under the condition that the magnetic field is 0 mT. In contrast, the CS/CIP/silicone rubber composite showed no significant structural damage to the microstructure after the same cyclic loading at a magnetic field of 300mT (FIGS. 7 c-d). This demonstrates that the material has a greater resistance to structural failure with the aid of a magnetic field.
3. Controllable detection range for demonstrating CS/CIP/silicone rubber sensor
To demonstrate high sensitivity in low pressure conditions, CS/CIP/silicone rubber sensors are used to monitor various micro-activities in low pressure conditions in the absence of a magnetic field. As shown in FIG. 8a, by attaching the sensor to the chest of an adult volunteer, an average of 14min was observed-1The breathing frequency of (2). The course of inspiration and expiration can be identified by altering the RCR and used further for health analysis. The motion of the arm can also be recorded by mounting the sensor on the wrist, and the process of holding and releasing the fist can be easily detected (fig. 8 b). The above demonstration suggests real-time/accurate measurement of CS/CIP/silicone rubber sensors in the low pressure range. From the point of view of the integration and portable design of the pressure sensing system, it is important to control the sensing performance of the pressure sensor in real time to accommodate different operating conditions with different stress levels. Due to the adjustable induction limit of the pressure, by mixing CS/CIP/silicone resin andmagnets were attached to the bottom of the shoe, further allowing CS/CIP/silicone to measure walking status. As shown in fig. 7c, d, the average observed RCR exceeded 110%, indicating large structural deformations caused by walking. The average RCR is reduced to about 50% when a magnetic field is applied, which greatly simplifies the structural failure of CS/CIP/silicon sensors and is therefore very beneficial for their long-term service.
Furthermore, the CS/CIP/silicone sensor can be monitored by mounting it to the wheel (fig. 9). The CS/CIP/silicone sensor can accurately monitor the driving state of the car in real time in the absence and presence of magnetic fields (fig. 9a, b). The speed and distance traveled can be obtained by calculating the number and frequency of RCR peaks. However, when 3 kg of cargo was loaded onto the car, the RCR response of the CS/CIP/silicon sensor became irregular in the absence of the magnetic field, indicating the ineffective sensing performance of the CS/CIP/silicon sensor under high-voltage conditions (fig. 9 c). In contrast, the CS/CIP/silicone sensor works well under magnetic fields, can maintain a real-time and accurate cyclic pattern of the RCR response (fig. 9d), demonstrating the enhanced detection limit of CS/CIP with the aid of magnetic fields. The above demonstration shows that the CS/CIP/silicone sensor has a high sensitivity at low pressure conditions and a tunable sensing limit of pressure, which enables the pressure sensor to function properly in a complex pressure signal environment.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The flexible sensing material with the variable piezoresistive properties is characterized by comprising a first filler, a second filler and a matrix material, wherein the first filler is selected from a conductive material with a space cross-linked three-dimensional network structure with the pore diameter of 10-80 mu m, the second filler is selected from a ferromagnetic material with the remanent magnetization of 0 and the saturation magnetization of 500-20000Oe, and the matrix material is selected from an elastic high polymer material with a precursor satisfying the fluid state with the viscosity of 0.1-1000 cP.
2. Flexible sensing material with adapted piezoresistive properties according to claim 1, wherein the first filler is present in an amount of 0.5-10 wt%, preferably 2-7 wt%; the content of the second filler is 20 to 50 wt%, preferably 30 to 45 wt%; the content of the matrix material is 40 to 80 wt%, preferably 43 to 68 wt%.
3. The flexible sensing material of claim 1, wherein the first filler is obtained by carbonizing a carbon-containing organic foam material selected from thermosetting materials including phenol-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, aminoplast or alkyd plastic, preferably selected from one or a combination of any of phenol-formaldehyde resin, melamine, polyurethane, regenerated cellulose and starch plastic.
4. The flexible piezoresistive property sensing material according to claim 1, wherein the second filler is selected from materials comprising one or a combination of iron, nickel, cobalt carbonyl, preferably iron carbonyl powder; the particle size of the second filler is 10nm-10 mu m.
5. The flexible piezoresistive property-changing sensing material according to claim 1, wherein the elastic polymer material is selected from synthetic rubber or natural rubber, preferably from a group comprising one or a combination of any of silicone rubber, polyurethane rubber and natural rubber.
6. A method for manufacturing a flexible sensor material with adapted piezoresistive properties according to any of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
(1) carbonizing a carbon-containing organic foam material in a high-temperature oxygen-free environment to prepare a conductive carbon skeleton material with a space cross-linked three-dimensional network structure, namely a first filler;
(2) dispersing a second filler with ferromagnetism in an elastic macromolecule precursor to form a composite fluid, and then impregnating the first filler prepared in the step (1) with the composite fluid;
(3) and after full dipping, uniformly mixing and defoaming treatment, curing to obtain the flexible sensing material with the appropriate piezoresistive properties.
7. The method for preparing a flexible sensing material with adaptive piezoresistive properties according to claim 6, wherein the elastic polymer precursor in step (2) comprises a monomer, a prepolymer or an oligomer, preferably selected from a group consisting of one or more of polyisocyanates, polyols, polysiloxanes, tetraethoxysilane, polyethyl silicate and crude rubber.
8. The method for preparing a flexible sensing material with variable piezoresistive properties according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the step (2) further comprises the step of adding a cross-linking agent into the formed composite fluid and uniformly mixing.
9. The method for preparing a flexible sensing material with adaptive piezoresistive properties according to claim 6, wherein the curing time in step (3) is not less than 10 min.
10. Use of a piezoresistive property-adaptive flexible sensing material according to any of claims 1-5 as a flexible sensor, comprising a component for monitoring the movement of a wearable device, a bicycle or a balance car; preferably, the device comprises components in a function bracelet, a respiration monitoring device, a pedometer and the like.
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