The impact modifier of polyvinyl chloride divinyl, vinylbenzene, methacrylic acid
Methyl esters terpolymer synthetic method
The present invention relates to the synthetic method of a kind of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin, particularly relate to the synthetic method of a kind of shock resistance and optical property MBS resin all with impact modifier divinyl, vinylbenzene, methyl methacrylate copolymer (being called for short MBS).
People are known, the MBS resin is a kind of by divinyl, vinylbenzene and the methyl methacrylate terpolymer by the preparation of emulsion graft polymerization method, on submicroscopic form, has typical nucleocapsid structure, core is the spherical core of the rubber phase of a diameter 50--300nm, and the outside is the shell that is formed by vinylbenzene and methyl methacrylate monomer grafting.Because methyl methacrylate is close with the polyvinyl chloride solubility parameters, between polyvinyl chloride and rubber particles, play the effect of bonding interface agent, form homogeneous phase processing in the mixing process with PVC, rubber phase then is distributed in the PVC continuum with particle state.According to the data introduction, when adding 5--10% (weight) MBS resin among the PVC, can make the shock strength of its goods improve 4--15 doubly, can also improve the winter hardiness and the processing fluidity of goods simultaneously, therefore can be widely used in PVC transparency impact modifier.But internal characteristics from the MBS resin structure, the erosion-resisting characteristics and the transparency are conflicting, the improvement of erosion-resisting characteristics, often follow transparency, the infringement of optical properties such as turbidity, therefore, how to coordinate two kinds of performances of mechanics and optics, preparing all good MBS resin of shock resistance and optical property is the focus of this area research.Many different Technologies have been developed for many years, for example the Japanese Patent spy opens and discloses a kind of method among the clear 63-42942, be when synthesizing styrene-butadiene latex, divinylic monomer is added in two batches, synthesize rubbery kernel core, increase the percentage of grafting of vinylbenzene and methyl methacrylate, thereby improve shock strength with multilayered structure, and keep optical property preferably, but the improvement of its erosion-resisting characteristics of MBS resin of this prepared is not very good.In the PVC clear vial, heterotypic material etc. need can not meet the demands in the occasion of high-impact performance.Disclosed method is with carboxylic vinylbenzene-methyl methacrylate-Sipacril 2739OF latex among the European patent EP 0144081A, with common synthetic small grain size latex, the large grain size latex of preparation particle diameter more than 200nm, carry out grafting then, thereby make the MBS resin that has than high impact resistance.But it is too big that the shortcoming of this patent is the goods turbidity, influenced its use properties.Japan Zhong Yuan company is in Chinese patents CN1078239A, introduced water-soluble ionogen, as expanding warp in the adding styrene-butadiene latexes such as sodium-chlor, Repone K, sodium sulfate, carry out the method for graft polymerization then, its goods have better comprehensive performance, weak point is the polymerization system instability, easily produce blob of viscose in the polymerization process,, need grafted monomer emulsification for solving the system stability problem, and then carry out grafting, increased technologic difficulty.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the weak point that exists in the prior art in order to solve, a kind of novel method of synthetic MBS resin is provided, make the MBS-PVC blend product of preparing promptly have higher shock strength, have good transparency again, and can improve the stability of polymerization system.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is at first to synthesize the small particle size styrene-butadiene latex, adopt monomer to give swelling method then, promptly in the hole enlargement process, add grafted monomer earlier and give swelling, and then add the inorganic salt ionogen styrene-butadiene latex of small particle size is carried out hole enlargement, prepare big Particle Butadiene-styrene Latex, and then carry out grafting and obtain on microscopic pattern, having bunch resin particle of shape structure, this special structural form neither influences the optical property of product, can increase substantially resistance to impact shock again. and details are as follows for its preparation process:
The earlier synthetic granule of the first step is through styrene-butadiene latex.(following percentage composition all is weight percentage)
The common emulsion polymerisation process of the synthetic employing of styrene-butadiene latex, in order to satisfy the requirement of shock resistance; the content of divinyl is generally 70--90% in the styrene-butadiene latex; vinylbenzene is 30-10%; initiator can be with Potassium Persulphate or ammonium persulphate; consumption is the 0.3--0.6% of monomer weight, emulsifying agent can be selected from potassium oleate, potassium stearate, nilox resin acid potassium or their compound system, but this must possess two conditions: the one, and can make polymerization system stable; The 2nd, have good thermotolerance, be unlikely in the course of processing, to decompose variable color, and influence the transparency of product, the emulsifying agent consumption should be the 3--5% of monomer weight.In addition, molecular weight and gel content for the control styrene-butadiene latex also need add molecular weight regulator in the polymerization process, and as DDM dodecyl mercaptan, its add-on is the 0.3--0.5% of amount of monomer.The middle control index of synthetic styrene-butadiene latex is: particle diameter 60--100nm, gel content 85--95%, transformation efficiency 95--100%, solid content 31--35% (all adopting conventional method of analysis to measure).
Second step: styrene-butadiene latex expands warp, in the styrene-butadiene latex of the above-mentioned preparation of 40--65 weight part, add 15--30 parts by weight of styrene and 5--10 parts by weight of methylmethacrylate class monomer, under condition of stirring, under 50-70 ℃ of temperature, carry out giving in 20--30 minute heat expansion, add 1.0--2.5 part inorganic salts hole enlargement agent then, carry out hole enlargement, can make the latex of particle diameter 120--250nm as the aqueous solution of Repone K, sodium-chlor, sodium sulfate etc.The add-on that monomer gives swelling and hole enlargement agent is two important factors, if do not give swelling, the graft latex particle can not get a bunch shape structure; Hole enlargement dosage is few, and particle diameter does not reach index request, and dosage is crossed conference and caused the system breakdown of emulsion.
The 3rd step was graft polymerization: adopt emulsion polymerisation process to carry out graft polymerization, at first in above-mentioned system after giving the swelling hole enlargement, add initiator and under 60--70 ℃ of temperature, carry out a grafting, initiator can select for use Potassium Persulphate or di-isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide to make oxygenant, the Diao Bai piece, ferrous sulfate, EDTA (disodium EDTA) makes the also initiator system of agent, the initiator add-on is the 0.4--0.8% of a grafted monomer weight, in the grafting process, need to add the nonionogenic tenside of a grafted monomer weight 0.3--0.8% in addition, as commercially available polyoxyethylene glycol Octyl Ether (OP-10).One time grafted monomer is based on vinylbenzene, other contains a part of methyl methacrylate, (be vinylbenzene 15--30 weight part, methyl methacrylate 5--10 weight part), a grafting finishes, add the remaining methyl methacrylate monomer of 10-20 part again, and add initiator and carry out secondary grafting, the amount of adding initiator is the 0.4-0.8% of residual monomer weight.
The oxidation inhibitor that adds 0.5--1.0% (wt) in the above-mentioned MBS resin latex that obtains as commercially available DLTP and antioxidant 1076 etc., with dilute sulphuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid cohesion, through washing, obtains the MBS rosin products then after the drying.
Behind the MBS resin and PVC blend that the inventive method synthesizes, make the thick print of 3mm and 1mm respectively, according to the described method test of ASTMD-256 shock strength, press the GB-2410 method and survey transparency and turbidity, the measuring method of gel quantity is that the latex after graft reaction is finished filters with 100 eye mesh screens, leach the per-cent that thing weight accounts for the grafts gross weight and then be the percentage gel quantity, test result of the present invention and contrast experiment's gained result one are listed in the table 1.Can obviously find out by table 1 data, can make the PVC-MBS blend promptly have higher shock strength with the inventive method synthetic MBS resin and have good transparency again, and turbidity is reduced significantly, and obviously improved polymeric stability, reduced gel quantity.
In order better to describe technical characterstic of the present invention, list following each embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to each embodiment.
Example 1
In the autoclave of agitator is housed, add each material: (below be weight part) by following proportioning
75 parts of divinyl
25 parts of vinylbenzene
3.5 parts in nilox resin acid potassium
0.5 part of potassium stearate
0.8 part in Repone K
0.5 part of Potassium Persulphate
0.5 part of DDM dodecyl mercaptan
180 parts in water
Open stirring and be warming up to 60 ℃, stirring reaction is 12 hours under this temperature, obtains a kind of transformation efficiency 98% that has, the styrene-butadiene latex of median size 80nm (being referred to as latex A).
Again following each component is added and have in the polymerization under atmospheric pressure still of stirring: (below be weight part)
60 parts of latex A (in dried glue weight)
21 parts of vinylbenzene
6.5 parts of methyl methacrylates
0.4 part of OP-10
200 parts in water.
Be warmed up to 50 ℃, the sodium-chlor (be made into 10% the aqueous solution) that slowly adds dried glue weight 3.2%, 50 ℃ of di-isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide agent of stirring adding 0.14 weight part after 30 minutes down, 0.14 part Diao Bai piece, 0.007 part EDTA and 0.0035 part of FeSo.7HO are warmed up to 60 ℃, polyreaction 5 hours, transformation efficiency reaches 85%, adds following each component again in still: (below be weight part)
12.5 parts of methyl methacrylates
0.093 part of di-isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
0.093 part of DDM dodecyl mercaptan
0.25 part in nilox resin acid potassium
0.093 part of Diao Bai piece
0.005 part of EDTA
FeSO
4.7H
20.0025 part of O
130.0 parts in water
Under the condition of continuously stirring, temperature remains on 60 ℃ of reactions 5 hours, obtains MBS resin latex (being referred to as latex B), and transformation efficiency reaches 95%, and particle diameter is 160nm.
(dried solid meter) adds 0.7 part of anti-oxidant DLTP in above-mentioned 100 parts of latex B that obtain, and 0.4 part of antioxidant 1076 is dry under 60 ℃ after the centrifuge dehydration then with the dilute sulphuric acid cohesion, obtains the MBS rosin products.
According to a conventional method under 185 ℃, blend is 5 minutes on two rollers with following each component, and under 180 ℃, compacting is 10 minutes on tabletting machine, makes the thick print of 3mm and 1mm respectively then: (below be weight part)
7.0 parts of MBS resins
100.0 parts of PVC (S-700 type)
0.5 part of lubricant G74 (commercially available)
2.0 parts of stablizers 891 (commercially available)
Press the shock strength of ASTMD-256 method test sample, press GB-2410 method test transparency and turbidity, the results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
Changing latex A consumption is 55 weight parts, and other is identical with example 1.
Example 3
The expansion that changes in the example 1 is 2.5% of dried glue (A) weight through agent sodium-chlor add-on, and other is identical with example 1.
Example 4
Nonionogenic tenside OP-10 add-on is 0.07 part in the change example 1 graft polymerization process, and other is identical with example 1.
Comparison example 1
3.2% of the dried glue weight of adding sodium-chlor hole enlargement agent (being made into 10% aqueous solution) in 60 parts of styrene-butadiene latex A (dried glue), stir down at 50 ℃ and to obtain grain in 30 minutes, add following each component then and carry out a grafting: (below be weight part) through being the styrene-butadiene latex of 150nm
21 parts of vinylbenzene
6.5 parts of methyl methacrylates
0.14 part of OP-10
0.14 part of di-isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
0.14 part of Diao Bai piece
0.007 part of EDTA
FeSO
4.7H
20.0035 part of O
60 ℃ of following polyreactions 5 hours, final transformation efficiency was 95%, repeats the secondary grafting and the course of processing in the example 1 then, the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparison example 2
Remove and do not add in the polymerization formula outside sodium-chlor hole enlargement agent and the OP-10 nonionogenic tenside, other process is identical with comparison example 1.
Comparison example 3
Remove in the polymerization formula not with outside the nonionogenic tenside OP-10, other process is identical with example 1.
Comparison example 4
Carboxylic-acid latex with 1% (in the styrene-butadiene latex dry) replaces inorganic salt hole enlargement agent, and other process is identical with example 1.
Table 1.
Experiment numbers | Shock strength (J/mol) | Transparency (%) | Turbidity (%) | Gel quantity (%) |
Example 1 (the present invention) example 2 (the present invention) example 3 (the present invention) example 4 (the present invention) Comparative Examples 1 Comparative Examples 2 Comparative Examples 3 Comparative Examples 4 | ????125.7 ????102.1 ????98.9 ????112.6 ????126.3 ????78.2 ????121.5 ????132.7 | ????87.1 ????87.5 ????86.9 ????88.1 ????87.0 ????87.7 ????86.8 ????88.2 | ????5.1 ????4.8 ????4.6 ????4.9 ????8.5 ????3.5 ????5.2 ????19.5 | ????0.05 ????0.04 ????0.02 ????0.12 ????0.9 ????0.01 ????1.06 ????0.11 |