CN113440768B - Lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system - Google Patents
Lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113440768B CN113440768B CN202111017697.XA CN202111017697A CN113440768B CN 113440768 B CN113440768 B CN 113440768B CN 202111017697 A CN202111017697 A CN 202111017697A CN 113440768 B CN113440768 B CN 113440768B
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 132
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- WVSNNWIIMPNRDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluorohexan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WVSNNWIIMPNRDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/50—Testing or indicating devices for determining the state of readiness of the equipment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing, and the scheme is a lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system which comprises a thermal runaway module and a combined fire extinguishing module, wherein the designed thermal runaway module comprises a plurality of modules for inducing the thermal runaway of a lithium battery, and the designed combined fire extinguishing module comprises a plurality of fire extinguishing modes which are used in combination, so that the research on the lithium battery fire phenomena caused by different inducing factors and the fire extinguishing effect of different fire extinguishing modules on various fire conditions can be realized, thereby obtaining sufficient research data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing, in particular to a lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system.
Background
In recent years, the development of lithium battery technology enables new energy automobiles to be rapidly popularized and used, but the new energy automobiles can cause short circuit of lithium batteries under the conditions of collision accidents and the like, so that the batteries are in thermal runaway and then are combusted and exploded, and the thermal runaway change characteristics of the lithium batteries need to be mastered in advance to prevent the thermal runaway of the lithium batteries, so that the safety of the lithium batteries needs to be tested.
Patent CN202021357488.0 discloses a fire extinguishing test experimental device for lithium battery fire, which comprises an explosion-proof heat insulation experimental cabin, a fire extinguishing agent injection system, a temperature acquisition system, a thermal runaway trigger device, a lithium battery fixing device and a flue gas collection and analysis system; lithium cell fixing device sets up in explosion-proof thermal-insulated laboratory cabin bottom, and lithium cell fixing device includes punch holder and lower plate, through the relative position of the fixed punch holder of fixed component and lower plate, is used for the centre gripping lithium cell between punch holder and the lower plate. The utility model discloses an experimental apparatus can realize under the condition of effectively fixed lithium cell that multiple type fire extinguishing agent tests and compares under the same operating mode, but this system is not deeply concerned with the influence to the fire extinguishing efficiency of different thermal runaway induction factors to fire extinguishing agent, and the result that its obtained must have one-sidedness;
patent CN201911075631.9 discloses a simulation lithium cell external short circuit induces thermal runaway experimental system and experimental procedure, including centrifugal fan, explosion-proof box, no paper record appearance, continuous gas detector, computer and camera, be connected with the air inlet section of thick bamboo between centrifugal fan's air outlet and explosion-proof box's wherein one end, the last fixed surface of explosion-proof box inside installs the fixed column, all install the temperature detecting head on the fixed column, the lower surface embedding of explosion-proof box's inside has the insulation board, electronic balance and the formula of shooing three-dimensional scanner have been placed on the insulation board. The system can be used for simulating the experiment that the lithium battery pack generates the external short circuit and generates the thermal runaway, namely the system is favorable for popularization and use, but the system has single induction factor, cannot simultaneously perform the experiment on multiple induction factors, has rough design, and cannot obtain specific parameters in the process of extinguishing fire and inducing the thermal runaway, such as the optimal water mist spraying height, the optimal fire extinguishing agent spraying angle, the optimal fire extinguishing agent spraying distance and the like.
Therefore, the invention designs a lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a lithium cell thermal runaway and experimental system that puts out a fire, this experimental system include thermal runaway module and combination fire extinguishing module, the thermal runaway module includes:
the experimental box body is used as a lithium battery thermal runaway laboratory;
the lithium battery pack is arranged inside the experiment box body and is an experiment object;
global temperature regulation and control device and air circulation device: the two are arranged in the experiment box body at intervals and are oppositely arranged, and the two are used for controlling the temperature in the experiment box body so that the heat in the experiment box body is uniform;
the local temperature regulating and controlling device is arranged in the experiment box body, is attached to the lithium battery pack and is used for controlling the local temperature of the lithium battery pack;
the charge-discharge short circuit controller is arranged outside the experiment box body, is connected with the lithium battery pack through a circuit and is used for controlling the short circuit of the lithium battery pack so as to cause the thermal instability of the lithium battery;
and the parameter detection device is arranged outside the experiment box body, is connected with the charge-discharge short circuit controller and is used for detecting the voltage and current change of the lithium battery pack in the charge-discharge short circuit process.
Preferably, the thermal runaway module further comprises a film pressed piercing module, the film pressed piercing module pierces the film in the lithium battery pack through extrusion to cause short circuit in the film pressed piercing module, so that thermal runaway of the film pressed piercing module is induced, the film pressed piercing module is divided into two groups which are opposite to each other and are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the lithium battery pack, the film pressed piercing module comprises a first sliding rail, a first sliding block and an extruded piercing plate, the first sliding block is slidably arranged on the first sliding rail and connected with a driving mechanism, the first sliding block is close to or far away from the lithium battery pack through starting the driving mechanism, the extruded piercing plate is perpendicularly arranged on the top end of the first sliding block, and a reinforcing plate is arranged between the extruded piercing plate and the first sliding block.
Preferably, a plurality of rows of needle seats for mounting the puncture needles are distributed on the working surface of the extrusion puncture plate at equal intervals from top to bottom, and each row of needle seats at least comprises three needle seats.
Preferably, the thermal runaway module further comprises a non-attached heat source inducing module, the non-attached heat source inducing module induces the thermal runaway of the lithium battery pack by adjusting the distance and power of a heat source by using the heat source which is not in direct contact with the lithium battery pack so as to simulate an external heat source to induce relevant parameters of the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, the heat source is mounted on the extrusion puncture plate, and the heat source is divided into a plurality of groups which are arranged at intervals up and down.
Preferably, the combined fire suppression module comprises:
the output pipe of the fire extinguishing agent supply equipment is connected with the liquid injection assembly inside the experiment box body and is used for injecting the fire extinguishing agent into the experiment box body to extinguish the fire;
the water mist pump set is arranged outside the experiment box body, is connected with a water mist spray head inside the experiment box body through a water supply pipeline and is used for spraying a large amount of water particles to the inside of the experiment box body to extinguish a fire;
and the water spraying pump set is arranged outside the experiment box body, is connected with the water spraying nozzle inside the experiment box body through a water supply pipeline and is used for spraying liquid water to the inside of the experiment box body to extinguish fire.
Preferably, the experimental system further comprises:
the pressure release valve is arranged outside the experiment box body, is connected with the experiment box body and the waste gas collecting box through a pressure release pipeline, is connected with a pressure sensor inside the experiment box body through a line, and is used for controlling the internal pressure of the experiment box body to prevent the explosion of the box body due to overlarge pressure;
the radiant heat flow meter is arranged in the experiment box body and used for testing the radiant heat in the experiment box body in the experiment process;
the temperature sensor is arranged in the experiment box body and used for testing the temperature change in the experiment box body in the experiment process;
the surface-mounted thermocouple is arranged in the experiment box body, is attached to the lithium battery pack and is used for testing the surface temperature of the lithium battery pack;
the thermocouple controller is arranged outside the experimental box body, is connected with the patch thermocouple through a circuit and is used for controlling the work of the patch thermocouple;
the gas analyzer is arranged outside the experiment box body, is connected with the inside of the experiment box body through a pipeline and is used for analyzing gas components generated in the thermal instability process of the lithium battery;
the air pump is arranged outside the experiment box body, is connected with the inside of the experiment box body through a pipeline and is used for filling air into the experiment box body so as to ensure that sufficient oxygen is supplied in the thermal instability process of the lithium battery;
the high-speed camera is arranged outside the experimental box body and used for recording the thermal instability process of the lithium battery through an observation window on the surface of the experimental box body;
the electronic balance is arranged in the experiment box body, placed below the lithium battery pack, attached to the lithium battery pack and used for measuring the change of mass of the lithium battery pack in the thermal instability process;
and the explosion-proof illuminating lamp is arranged inside the experiment box body and is connected with an illuminating lamp switch arranged outside the experiment box body through a circuit.
Preferably, the experimental system further comprises:
the data acquisition module is arranged outside the experiment box body, is connected with other equipment through a line and is used for acquiring experiment data;
and the central controller is arranged outside the experiment box body, is connected with other equipment through a line, and is used for controlling the operation of the other equipment and collecting and storing experiment data.
Preferably, fire extinguishing agent supply apparatus includes the second slide rail, slidable mounting has the second slider on the second slide rail, the second slider is connected with displacement drive equipment, be provided with the fire extinguishing agent accumulator on the second slider, fire extinguishing agent injection machine is connected to the fire extinguishing agent accumulator, fire extinguishing agent injection machine passes through injection pipeline and is connected with the notes liquid subassembly in the experimental box, through starting displacement drive equipment, realizes annotating the distance regulation of liquid subassembly and lithium cell group to obtain best fire extinguishing agent distance parameter of putting out a fire, annotate the liquid subassembly and include the standpipe, one side that the standpipe is close to lithium cell group has a plurality of injection nozzles from top to bottom equidistant distribution, and every injection nozzle all has set solenoid valve, injection pipeline is linked together with the standpipe.
Preferably, the water mist spray head and the water spray head supply water through hoses, and a first electric push rod connected with the water mist spray head and a second electric push rod connected with the water spray head are arranged at the top of the experiment box body.
Preferably, the electronic balance is installed on the rotating base, and a lithium battery clamping and positioning piece is arranged at the top end of the electronic balance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the thermal runaway module comprises a plurality of modules for inducing the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, the designed combined fire extinguishing module comprises a plurality of fire extinguishing modes, and the two modules are combined for use, so that the research on the lithium battery fire phenomena caused by different inducing factors and the fire extinguishing effect of different fire extinguishing modules on various fire extinguishing conditions can be realized, thereby obtaining sufficient research data.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a membrane pressure puncturing module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention illustrating the structure of the crush plates;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the fire extinguishing agent supplying apparatus, the liquid injection assembly and the retractable nozzle head of the present invention in a first state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a second state of the fire extinguishing agent supplying apparatus, the liquid injecting assembly and the retractable nozzle head according to the present invention
The reference numbers are as follows:
01-an experimental box body, 02-a lithium battery pack, 03-a global temperature regulating device, 04-an air circulating device, 05-a local temperature regulating device, 06-a charge-discharge short-circuit controller, 07-a parameter detecting device, 08-a fire extinguishing agent supplying device, 09-a liquid injection assembly, 10-a water mist pump set, 11-a water mist nozzle, 12-a water spray pump set, 13-a water spray nozzle, 14-a pressure relief valve, 15-a waste gas collecting box, 16-a pressure sensor, 17-a radiant heat flow meter, 18-a temperature sensor, 19-a patch thermocouple, 20-a thermocouple controller, 21-a gas analyzer, 22-an air pump, 23-an observation window, 24-a high-speed camera, 25-an electronic balance, 26-an explosion-proof illuminating lamp, 27-light switch, 28-line, 29-pipe, 30-second electric push rod, 31-data acquisition module, 32-central controller, 33-first slide rail, 34-first slide block, 35-extrusion puncture plate, 36-reinforcing plate, 37-needle seat, 38-heat source, 39-puncture needle, 40-rotating base, 41-first electric push rod, 081-second slide rail, 082-second slide block, 083-fire extinguishing agent storage, 084-fire extinguishing agent sprayer, 085-spraying pipe, 091-vertical pipe, 092-spraying nozzle.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the utility model provides a lithium cell thermal runaway and experimental system that puts out a fire, this experimental system include thermal runaway module and combination fire extinguishing module, and the thermal runaway module includes: the experimental box body 01 is used as a lithium battery thermal runaway laboratory; the lithium battery pack 02 is arranged inside the experiment box body 01 and is an experiment object; global temperature regulating device 03 and air circulation device 04: the two are arranged in the experiment box body 01 and oppositely arranged at intervals for controlling the internal temperature of the experiment box body 01 so that the heat in the experiment box body 01 is uniform; the local temperature regulating and controlling device 05 is arranged inside the experiment box body 01, is attached to the lithium battery pack 02 and is used for controlling the local temperature of the lithium battery pack 02; the charge-discharge short-circuit controller 06 is arranged outside the experimental box 01, is connected with the lithium battery pack 02 through a circuit 28, and is used for controlling the short circuit of the lithium battery pack 02 so as to cause the thermal instability of the lithium battery; and the parameter detection device 07 is arranged outside the experiment box body 01, is connected with the charge-discharge short circuit controller 06 and is used for detecting the voltage and current change of the lithium battery pack 02 in the charge-discharge short circuit process.
Further, still leave a plurality of connecting holes in this scheme on the experiment box 01, the staff can increase more modes of putting out a fire in connecting hole department to increase the detection variety of scheme.
The embodiment discloses two ways of inducing thermal runaway of a lithium battery, wherein the local temperature of a lithium battery pack 02 is controlled to rise through a local temperature regulating device 5 so as to induce the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, and the lithium battery is controlled to be short-circuited by a charging and discharging short-circuit controller 06 so as to cause the thermal instability of the lithium battery;
more preferably, the local temperature regulating and controlling device 5 is arranged on each layer of the lithium battery pack 02, and when an inducing experiment is carried out, a local temperature rise test can be carried out at different positions, if the bottommost lithium battery is out of control after being heated, the whole lithium battery pack can be out of control for a long time, and the self-rescue time of the ignition of the lithium battery can be known conveniently.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the case where the other portions are the same as those of embodiment 1, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the thermal runaway module further comprises a film pressed piercing module, the film pressed piercing module pierces a film in the lithium battery pack 02 through extrusion to cause short circuit in the film pressed piercing module, so that thermal runaway of the film pressed piercing module is induced, the film pressed piercing module is divided into two groups which are opposite left and right, the two groups are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the lithium battery pack 02, the film pressed piercing module comprises a first sliding rail 33, a first sliding block 34 and an extruded piercing plate 35, the first sliding block 34 is slidably arranged on the first sliding rail 33, the first sliding block 34 is connected with a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism is started, the first sliding block 34 is close to or far away from the lithium battery pack 02, the extruded piercing plate 35 is vertically arranged on the top end of the first sliding block 34, and a reinforcing plate 36 is arranged between the extruded piercing plate 35 and the first sliding block 34.
Further, a plurality of rows of needle seats 37 for mounting the puncture needles 39 are distributed on the working surface of the pressing puncture plate 35 at equal intervals from top to bottom, and each row of needle seats 37 at least comprises three needle seats.
Furthermore, the thermal runaway module further comprises a non-attached heat source inducing module, the non-attached heat source inducing module induces the thermal runaway of the lithium battery pack 02 by adjusting the distance and the power of the heat source 38 by using the heat source 38 which is not in direct contact with the lithium battery pack 02 so as to simulate relevant parameters of inducing the thermal runaway of the lithium battery by using an external heat source, the heat source 38 is installed on the extrusion piercing plate 35, and the heat source 38 is divided into a plurality of groups which are arranged at intervals up and down.
In the embodiment, two ways of inducing thermal runaway of the lithium battery are additionally arranged on the basis of the first embodiment, one way is that the puncture needle penetrates through a thin film in the lithium battery in an extrusion way, so that an internal short circuit is caused, and the problem of thermal runaway is caused; secondly, the phenomenon of thermal runaway of the lithium battery at a close distance is caused by heat radiation through a non-contact heat source;
the extrusion puncturing plate 35 in the embodiment can move, on one hand, the extrusion puncturing plate can drive the puncturing needle 39 to perform extrusion puncturing action, and on the other hand, the extrusion puncturing plate can also adjust the distance between the heat source 38 and the lithium battery pack 02, so that the lithium battery can be ignited due to the distance at different heat source temperatures, and theoretical support is provided for setting the appropriate distance between the lithium battery pack and a heating source in actual equipment.
In this embodiment, can also adjust the position of puncture needle, puncture the battery package of different positions in the lithium cell group, and then observe its thermal runaway effect, can also start the heat source of different height positions and test like this.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 1, in the case where the other parts are the same as those of the foregoing embodiment, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the combined fire extinguishing module comprises: the fire extinguishing agent supply device 08 is arranged outside the experiment box body 01, and an output pipe of the fire extinguishing agent supply device 08 is connected with the liquid injection assembly 09 inside the experiment box body 01 and used for injecting the fire extinguishing agent into the experiment box body 01 to extinguish fire; the water mist pump set 10 is arranged outside the experiment box body 01, is connected with a water mist spray head 11 inside the experiment box body 01 through a water supply pipeline and is used for spraying a large amount of water particles into the experiment box body 01 to extinguish fire; and the water spraying pump group 12 is arranged outside the experiment box body 01, is connected with a water spraying nozzle 13 inside the experiment box body 01 through a water supply pipeline and is used for spraying liquid water to the inside of the experiment box body 01 to extinguish fire.
Further, the experimental system further comprises: the pressure release valve 14 is arranged outside the experiment box body 01, is connected with the experiment box body 01 and the waste gas collecting box 15 through a pressure release pipeline, is connected with a pressure sensor 16 inside the experiment box body 01 through a circuit, and is used for controlling the internal pressure of the experiment box body 01 to prevent the box body from exploding due to overlarge pressure; the radiant heat flow meter 17 is arranged inside the experiment box body 01 and used for testing the radiant heat inside the experiment box body 01 in the experiment process; the temperature sensor 18 is arranged inside the experiment box body 01 and used for testing the temperature change inside the experiment box body 01 in the experiment process; the surface-mounted thermocouple 19 is arranged inside the experiment box body 01, is attached to the lithium battery pack 02 and is used for testing the surface temperature of the lithium battery pack 02; the thermocouple controller 20 is arranged outside the experimental box body 01, is connected with the patch thermocouple 19 through a line, and is used for controlling the work of the patch thermocouple 19; the gas analyzer 21 is arranged outside the experiment box body 01, is connected with the inside of the experiment box body 01 through a pipeline 29, and is used for analyzing gas components generated in the thermal instability process of the lithium battery; the air pump 22 is arranged outside the experiment box body 01, is connected with the inside of the experiment box body 01 through a pipeline 29, and is used for filling air into the experiment box body 01 to ensure that sufficient oxygen is supplied in the thermal instability process of the lithium battery; the high-speed camera 24 is arranged outside the experiment box body 01 and used for recording the thermal instability process of the lithium battery through an observation window 23 on the surface of the experiment box body 01; the electronic balance 25 is arranged inside the experiment box body 01, placed below the lithium battery pack 02, attached to the lithium battery pack 02 and used for measuring the change of mass of the lithium battery pack 02 in the thermal instability process; the explosion-proof illuminating lamp 26 is arranged inside the experiment box body 01 and is connected with an illuminating lamp switch 27 arranged outside the experiment box body 01 through a circuit.
Further, the experimental system further comprises: the data acquisition module 31 is arranged outside the experiment box body 01, is connected with other equipment through a line and is used for acquiring experiment data; and the central controller 32 is arranged outside the experiment box body 01, is connected with other equipment through a line, and is used for controlling the operation of the other equipment and collecting and storing experiment data.
Example four
As shown in fig. 4 to 5, in the case where the other parts are the same as those of the foregoing embodiment, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the fire extinguishing agent supply device 08 comprises a second slide rail 081, a second slide block 082 is slidably mounted on the second slide rail 081, the second slide block 082 is connected with a displacement driving device, a fire extinguishing agent storage 083 is arranged on the second slide block 082, the fire extinguishing agent storage 083 is connected with a fire extinguishing agent spraying machine 084, the fire extinguishing agent spraying machine 084 is connected with a liquid injection assembly 09 in the experiment box body 01 through a spraying pipe 085, the displacement driving device is started to realize the distance adjustment between the liquid injection assembly 09 and the lithium battery pack 02 so as to obtain the optimal fire extinguishing agent fire extinguishing distance parameter, the liquid injection assembly 09 comprises a vertical pipe 091, a plurality of spraying nozzles 092 are distributed on one side, close to the lithium battery pack 02, of the vertical pipe 091 from top to bottom at equal intervals, each spraying nozzle 092 is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and the spraying pipe 085 is communicated with the vertical pipe 091.
Further, the water mist spray head 11 and the water spray head 13 both supply water through hoses, and a first electric push rod 41 connected with the water mist spray head 11 and a second electric push rod 30 connected with the water spray head 13 are arranged at the top of the experimental box body 01.
Further, electronic balance 25 installs on rotating base 40, can realize the rotation regulation of lithium cell group, and electronic balance 25 top is provided with lithium cell centre gripping setting element for rotatory in-process, lithium cell group remain stable.
Wherein, the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent storage 083 is carbon dioxide or perfluorohexanone.
In the embodiment, the spraying structure of the fire extinguishing agent and the spraying structure of the water mist are improved, the spraying position and the spraying height of the fire extinguishing agent can be adjusted, and the electronic balance 25 is arranged on the rotatable rotating base 40 in the scheme, so that the angle of the lithium battery pack 02 can be adjusted, and the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed to the lithium battery pack from different angles, and the diversified spraying mode can be favorable for obtaining sufficient fire extinguishing parameters; the height of the water mist spray head is designed to be liftable, and the reason is consistent with the principle, and all the purposes are to obtain more sufficient fire extinguishing parameters.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a lithium cell thermal runaway and experimental system that puts out a fire, its characterized in that, this experimental system include thermal runaway module and combination fire extinguishing module, the thermal runaway module includes:
the experimental box body (01) is used as a lithium battery thermal runaway laboratory;
the lithium battery pack (02) is arranged inside the experiment box body (01) and is an experiment object;
global temperature regulating device (03) and air circulation device (04): the two are arranged in the experiment box body (01) at intervals and are oppositely arranged, and the two are used for controlling the internal temperature of the experiment box body (01) so that the heat in the experiment box body (01) is uniform;
the local temperature regulating and controlling device (05) is arranged inside the experiment box body (01), is attached to the lithium battery pack (02), and is used for controlling the local temperature of the lithium battery pack (02);
the charge-discharge short circuit controller (06) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01), is connected with the lithium battery pack (02) through a circuit (28) and is used for controlling the lithium battery pack (02) to be short-circuited so as to cause thermal instability of the lithium battery;
and the parameter detection device (07) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01), is connected with the charge-discharge short circuit controller (06) and is used for detecting the voltage and current change of the lithium battery pack (02) in the charge-discharge short circuit process.
2. The lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system according to claim 1, wherein the thermal runaway module further comprises a film compression puncturing module which punctures a film in the lithium battery pack (02) by pressing to cause an internal short circuit, so as to induce a thermal runaway, the film compression puncturing module is divided into two groups which are opposite to each other and respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the lithium battery pack (02), the film compression puncturing module comprises a first sliding rail (33), a first sliding block (34) and a compression puncturing plate (35), the first sliding block (34) is slidably arranged on the first sliding rail (33), the first sliding block (34) is connected with a driving mechanism, the first sliding block (34) is close to or far away from the lithium battery pack (02) by starting the driving mechanism, and the compression puncturing plate (35) is vertically arranged at the top end of the first sliding block (34), and a reinforcing plate (36) is arranged between the extrusion puncturing plate (35) and the first sliding block (34).
3. The lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system is characterized in that
In the following steps: a plurality of rows of needle seats (37) for mounting puncture needles (39) are distributed on the working surface of the extrusion puncture plate (35) at equal intervals from top to bottom, and each row of needle seats (37) at least comprises three needle seats.
4. The lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the thermal runaway module further comprises a non-attached type heat source inducing module, the non-attached type heat source inducing module induces the thermal runaway of the lithium battery pack (02) by adjusting the distance and the power of the heat source (38) by using the heat source (38) which is not in direct contact with the lithium battery pack (02) so as to simulate relevant parameters of the external heat source for inducing the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, the heat source (38) is installed on the extrusion piercing plate (35), and the heat source (38) is divided into a plurality of groups which are arranged at intervals up and down.
5. The lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combined fire extinguishing module comprises:
the fire extinguishing agent supply equipment (08) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01), and an output pipe of the fire extinguishing agent supply equipment (08) is connected with a liquid injection assembly (09) inside the experiment box body (01) and is used for injecting the fire extinguishing agent into the experiment box body (01) to extinguish fire;
the water mist pump set (10) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01), is connected with a water mist spray head (11) inside the experiment box body (01) through a water supply pipeline and is used for spraying a large amount of water particles to the inside of the experiment box body (01) to extinguish fire;
and the water spraying pump set (12) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01), is connected with a water spraying nozzle (13) inside the experiment box body (01) through a water supply pipeline and is used for spraying liquid water to the inside of the experiment box body (01) to extinguish fire.
6. The lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system as claimed in claim 5, further comprising:
the pressure release valve (14) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01), is connected with the experiment box body (01) and the waste gas collecting box (15) through a pressure release pipeline, is connected with a pressure sensor (16) inside the experiment box body (01) through a circuit, and is used for controlling the internal pressure of the experiment box body (01) to prevent the box body from exploding due to overlarge pressure;
the radiant heat flow meter (17) is arranged inside the experiment box body (01) and is used for testing the radiant heat inside the experiment box body (01) in the experiment process;
the temperature sensor (18) is arranged inside the experiment box body (01) and used for testing the temperature change inside the experiment box body (01) in the experiment process;
the patch thermocouple (19) is arranged in the experiment box body (01), is attached to the lithium battery pack (02), and is used for testing the surface temperature of the lithium battery pack (02);
the thermocouple controller (20) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01), is connected with the patch thermocouple (19) through a line, and is used for controlling the work of the patch thermocouple (19);
the gas analyzer (21) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01), is connected with the inside of the experiment box body (01) through a pipeline (29), and is used for analyzing gas components generated in the thermal instability process of the lithium battery;
the air pump (22) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01), is connected with the inside of the experiment box body (01) through a pipeline (29), and is used for filling air into the experiment box body (01) to ensure that sufficient oxygen is supplied in the thermal instability process of the lithium battery;
the high-speed camera (24) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01) and records the thermal instability process of the lithium battery through an observation window (23) on the surface of the experiment box body (01);
the electronic balance (25) is arranged in the experiment box body (01), placed below the lithium battery pack (02), attached to the lithium battery pack (02) and used for measuring the change of mass of the lithium battery pack (02) in the thermal instability process;
and the explosion-proof illuminating lamp (26) is arranged inside the experiment box body (01) and is connected with an illuminating lamp switch (27) arranged outside the experiment box body (01) through a circuit.
7. The lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system as claimed in claim 6, further comprising:
the data acquisition module (31) is arranged outside the experiment box body (01), is connected with other equipment through a line and is used for acquiring experiment data;
a central controller (32) arranged outside the experiment box body (01) and connected with the experiment box body through a line
The device is connected with other devices and used for controlling the operation of other devices and collecting and storing experimental data.
8. The lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the fire extinguishing agent supply device (08) comprises a second slide rail (081), a second slide block (082) is slidably mounted on the second slide rail (081), the second slide block (082) is connected with a displacement driving device, a fire extinguishing agent storage (083) is arranged on the second slide block (082), the fire extinguishing agent storage (083) is connected with a fire extinguishing agent spraying machine (084), the fire extinguishing agent spraying machine (084) is connected with a liquid injection assembly (09) in the experiment box body (01) through a spraying pipeline (085), distance adjustment of the liquid injection assembly (09) and a lithium battery pack (02) is realized by starting the displacement driving device so as to obtain the optimal fire extinguishing agent extinguishing distance parameter, the liquid injection assembly (09) comprises a vertical pipe (091), a plurality of spraying nozzles (092) are distributed on one side, close to the lithium battery pack (02), from top to bottom at equal intervals, and each spraying nozzle (092) is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the injection pipe (085) is in communication with the standpipe (091).
9. The lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system as claimed in claim 8, wherein: thin water smoke shower nozzle (11) and water shower nozzle (13) all supply water through the hose, experiment box (01) top is equipped with first electric putter (41) of being connected with thin water smoke shower nozzle (11) and second electric putter (30) of being connected with water shower nozzle (13).
10. The lithium battery thermal runaway and fire extinguishing experimental system as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the electronic balance (25) is installed on the rotating base (40), and a lithium battery clamping positioning piece is arranged at the top end of the electronic balance (25).
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| WO2024065202A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-04 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Thermal runaway experiment device and use method therefor |
| CN116212279B (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-11-28 | 南通佳充科技服务有限责任公司 | Oxygen-deficient fire extinguishing method and structure of vehicle-mounted lithium battery |
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