CN113439748A

CN113439748A - Spray for relieving high-temperature stress of corn and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113439748A
Application number: CN202110897748.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王泳超; 曹红章; 王山聪; 邵瑞鑫; 郭家萌; 王浩; 杨青华; 燕博文
Original assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-08-05
Filing date: 2021-08-05
Publication date: 2021-09-28
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-05
Also published as: CN113439748B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature stress of corn, in particular to a spray for relieving high-temperature stress of corn and application thereof. The spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn comprises effective components, a spreader, an active agent and a preservative, wherein the effective components comprise melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid. Melatonin has an effective promoting effect on high temperature stress resistance of corn. The high-temperature stress-resistant corn spray and gamma-aminobutyric acid are matched with each other to serve as effective components of the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn, and the two components play a synergistic effect, so that the high-temperature stress resistance of the corn is obviously improved. Thereby ensuring the yield of the corn in a high-temperature environment.

Description

Spray for relieving high-temperature stress of corn and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature stress of corn, in particular to a spray for relieving high-temperature stress of corn and application thereof.

Background

Corn originates in tropical and subtropical regions and is a temperate crop that is sensitive to temperature. Corn is an important grain crop and is also the grain crop with the highest total yield all over the world, and about one third of the population all over the world currently uses corn as the main grain. Therefore, the high and low corn yield and the good and bad economic benefit directly influence the grain safety and the development of agricultural industrial production. However, the trend toward global warming is becoming more pronounced, and extreme climates, such as summer high temperature events, occur more frequently and for extended durations. High temperature is one of the main environmental stresses, can inhibit the growth and development process of crops, influences the quality and yield of the crops, particularly has the most obvious harm to the growth period of pollen, reduces the vitality of the pollen, changes the phase and shortens the pollination time. The corn is used as one of the crops which are favored to be warm, the hot weather not only can lead the development of the corn to accelerate the growth period to be shortened, but also can reduce the growth capacity and the transmission capacity of tassels and female ears, finally, the fruit bearing the corn is poor in development, the number of grains is too small, the overall yield and the quality of the corn are influenced, the corn is used as one of the crops which are sensitive to the temperature, the growth and the development of the corn are inhibited, the metabolic process of a plant is interfered, and the important reason that the yield of the corn is influenced by high-temperature stress is provided. Therefore, mitigating the effects of high temperatures on their yield and quality is a problem that we must face and solve.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the problems, the invention provides a spray for relieving high-temperature stress of corn and application thereof. The corn is sprayed with melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid serving as main drug effect components, so that the high-temperature stress resistance of the corn is improved, and a simple and efficient chemical control and adjustment means is provided for high-temperature resistance production of the corn.

According to one technical scheme of the invention, the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn comprises effective components, a spreader, an active agent and a preservative, wherein the effective components comprise melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Further, the spreader is tween-20, the active agent is triton X-100, and the preservative is sodium sorbate.

Furthermore, the concentration of melatonin in the spray is 80-150 mu mol/L, the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid is 3-10mmol/L, the concentration of tween-20 is 5-10ml/L, the concentration of triton X-100 is 5-10ml/L, the concentration of sodium sorbate is 0.2-1g/L, and the solvent is distilled water.

According to the second technical scheme, the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn is applied to promoting the growth of the male ears of the corn in a high-temperature environment.

According to the third technical scheme, the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn is applied to improving the pollen dispersing amount and/or the pollen dispersing rate of the corn tassels in a high-temperature environment.

According to the fourth technical scheme, the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn is applied to improving the activity of the corn pollen in the high-temperature environment.

According to the fifth technical scheme, the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn is applied to improving the activity of the antioxidant enzyme of the corn anther in the high-temperature environment.

The sixth technical scheme of the invention is the application of the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn in relieving the oxidative damage of the corn anther in the high-temperature environment.

Seventhly, the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn is applied to the improvement of the yield of the corn in the high-temperature environment.

Further, in the above application, the high temperature environment is specifically 30 to 40 ℃.

Further, in the above application, the corn is a high temperature resistant corn or a non-high temperature resistant corn.

Furthermore, in the application, the spraying amount of the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn is 50-150 mL/plant/day, and the spray is continuously sprayed for 2-5 days.

Further, in the application, the spraying time of the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn is 10 leaf expanding period of the corn, and the spray is finished 1 day before the high-temperature environment comes.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

melatonin, the chemical name of which is N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a small molecular indole compound widely existing in microorganisms, animals and plants, and can significantly influence the hormone balance in plants, thereby improving the oxidation resistance of the plants in adverse environments and improving the growth of the plants. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid and is widely present in higher plants. GABA can obviously improve the stress resistance of plants, and in addition, the GABA can regulate the carbon-nitrogen metabolism balance by influencing the GABA-shunt path in the plants so as to maintain the influence on the supply of the plants. According to the invention, researches show that melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid have effective promotion effects on high temperature stress resistance of corn. The two are mutually matched for use, so that the high-temperature stress of the corn can be relieved from different physiological processes, and the high-temperature stress resistance of the corn is obviously improved. Thereby ensuring the yield of the corn in a high-temperature environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing a temperature distribution of a tassel portion recorded by a thermometer during a high-temperature treatment in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the growth of tassels of maize under temperature increase treatment in example 1 of the present invention; wherein, the drawing A is Zhengdan 958, and the drawing B is Xiuyu 335;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of the amount of loose corn flour in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of the corn flour loosening rate in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the viability of maize pollen in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of melatonin on the SOD content of the tassel of corn in example 1 of the present invention; zhengdan 958 in panel A, and Xiayu 335 in panel B;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of melatonin on POD activity in maize tassel under warming treatment in example 1 of the present invention; zhengdan 958 in panel A, and Xiayu 335 in panel B;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of melatonin on CAT activity in maize tassel under temperature-increasing treatment in example 1 of the present invention; zhengdan 958 in panel A, and Xiayu 335 in panel B;

FIG. 9 shows the effect of melatonin on the MAD content of maize tassels under the temperature-increasing treatment in example 1 of the present invention; zhengdan 958 in panel A, and Xiayu 335 in panel B;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of melatonin on the hydrogen peroxide content of the maize tassel under the temperature-increasing treatment in example 1 of the present invention; zhengdan 958 in panel A, and Xiayu 335 in panel B;

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the effect of melatonin on the content of superoxide anions in corn tassel under temperature increasing treatment in example 1; zhengdan 958 in panel A, and Xiayu 335 in panel B.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

Example 1

(I) Experimental verification

The experiment was carried out in 2020 at the national agroecological system observation and research station (commercial dune city) (34 ° 31 'N, 115 ° 35' E);

high-temperature treatment: a greenhouse with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height multiplied by 12m multiplied by 6m multiplied by 3.5m is manufactured, the greenhouse is fixed in the field, a resin film with the light transmittance of 95% is covered around the greenhouse, the top of the greenhouse is sealed by 80%, 20% of gaps are reserved uniformly, and gas exchange is facilitated. And a light supplement lamp is arranged at the top of the high-temperature shed and is used for supplementing illumination during high-temperature treatment. Indoor outer light intensity is surveyd regularly every day to the quantity is opened to the indoor light filling lamp of control, strives to reach the inside and outside illumination intensity of canopy and is close.

Applying humic acid-N-P composite fertilizer special for corn before sowing₂O₅-K₂O: 30-6-10; the row length of the residential quarter is 5m, the row spacing is 0.6m, and the planting density is 6.75 ten thousand plants/hm²The using amount is 50 kg/mu, the average is 8, 4 blocks are marked as an experimental group 1, Zhengdan 958 (high temperature resistant) is planted, and the other 4 blocks are marked as an experimental group 2, Yu 335 (no high temperature resistant) is planted; plots from experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 were treated as follows:

(1) melatonin + gamma-aminobutyric acid + high temperature treatment (ZHMT):

preparing a spray: using water as a solvent, sequentially adding melatonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, Tween-20, Triton X-100 and sodium sorbate to ensure that the concentrations are respectively as follows: 100 mu mol/L melatonin, 5mmol/L gamma-aminobutyric acid, -206 ml/L Tween, X-1006 ml/L triton and 0.5g/L sodium sorbate;

when the corn is in the 10-leaf-spreading period, a manual spray can is adopted, and spray is uniformly sprayed on the whole plant leaves. Spraying the plant with the spraying amount of about 100ml continuously for 2d, and performing high-temperature treatment every other day, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 8: 00-17: 00 heating by film covering

(2) Melatonin + gamma-aminobutyric acid + ambient temperature treatment (ZRMT): the same as (1) except that the out-of-shed experiment is carried out, and high-temperature treatment (film covering and temperature increasing are carried out at 8: 00-17: 00 per day) is not carried out;

(3) clean water + high temperature treatment (ZHCK): when the corn is in the 10-leaf-spreading period, a manual watering can is adopted, and the whole plant leaves are uniformly sprayed with the aqueous solution. Spraying the plant with the spraying amount of about 100ml continuously for 2d, and performing high-temperature treatment every other day, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 8: 00-17: 00, performing film covering and heating;

(4) clean water + ambient temperature treatment (ZRCK): the same as (3) except that the out-of-shed experiment is not carried out with high temperature (the film covering and heating are carried out at 8: 00-17: 00 per day);

the temperature of the tassel site was recorded with a thermometer during the high temperature treatment, see in particular fig. 1.

(II) statistics of experimental results:

(1) tassel image acquisition and character investigation: after the tassels are completely extracted and do not grow any more, selecting representative tassels in each treatment, carrying out high-quality image acquisition under a black background, simultaneously selecting three tassels in each treatment, and measuring the length of the main tassels, the number of branches, the fresh weight and the dry weight.

(2) Corn ear character survey and seed yield determination: the female ear character examination is carried out in the mature period of the corn, and the female ear character examination comprises ear length, ear thickness, ear row number, grain number, bald tip length and hundred grain weight. Meanwhile, field production measurement is carried out.

(3) Counting the powder scattering rate and the powder scattering amount of each plant: in the morning of the day before the tassel florets are opened, selecting plants with consistent growth vigor for each treatment, and bagging the plants in the morning of the next day by 11: 00 collecting pollen and replacing a new paper bag, then taking back the bag every day and counting the pollen scattering rate until the pollen scattering is finished. The collected pollen is quickly screened and weighed, the fresh weight is weighed, and the pollen dispersing amount is calculated, wherein the pollen dispersing rate of the single corn tassel is equal to the number of the single pollen dispersing florets/the total number of the single pollen florets multiplied by 100 percent.

(4) And (3) pollen activity determination: collecting pollen in 3d, and measuring pollen activity with pollen activity measuring instrument.

(5) And (3) measuring the activity of the anther antioxidant enzyme: collecting anthers at 3d, 6d and 14d after high temperature treatment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is obtained by the method of "Giannopolis, C.N. & Ries, S.K. superoxide dismutase: I.Occurence in highher plants. plant Physiol.59, 309-314 (1977)", Peroxidase (POD) activity is obtained by the method of "Wangshao West, King, Liuhong Xiong. comparison of changes in the membrane protection system during pretreatment of different stresses to improve cold resistance of rice seedlings. plant reports, 1997,39(4): 308-314", Catalase (CAT) activity is obtained by the method of "Wang, Y.S., Tian, S.P., Xu, Y.,2005.Effects of high oxidative coupling on pro-and anti-oxidative enzymes in plants testing and chemical tests, 9-99.91, 99.99".

(6) Anther oxidative damage assay: collecting anthers at 3d, 6d and 14d after high temperature treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content superoxide anion (O.J.biol. Sci.15,413-428 "was used in the methods of" Barrs, H.D., weather ley, P.E.,1962.A re-evolution of the relative diagnosis technique for simulating water deficits in leaves^2-) Content and hydrogen peroxide (H)₂O₂) The content is determined by the method of "Xie, Z.X., Duan, L.S., Tian, X., Wang, B., Eneji, A.E., Li, Z.,2008. Coronation annual saline stress in cotton by improving the ability of the antibiotic defect system and radial-influencing activity.J. plant physical.165, 375-384".

(III) analysis of the results of the experiment

(1) Influence of spray on growth of maize tassel under warming treatment

The results are shown in FIG. 2, wherein A is Zhengdan 958, and B is Xiuyu 335; zhengdan 958 tassel is significantly affected by high temperature, and the two samples affected by high temperature (ZHMT & ZHCK) are significantly smaller in volume than the two samples not affected by high temperature (ZRMT & ZRCK). In addition, the tassels treated at high temperature are more compact and not spread enough, which is not conducive to dusting. In the shed or outside the shed, the tassels treated by the spray are thicker, the number of branches is more, and the tassels are longer. The jade 335 has obvious aging and obvious yellow tassel. The spray treatment is stronger than the control, the spike type is more ideal, and the tassel branch number is more.

The specific data are shown in Table 1; from Table 1, the length of the primary ear of ZHMT compared with that of ZHCK is increased by 10.47%, and the length of the primary ear of ZHMT compared with that of ZRMT is reduced by 7.08%; the influence on the branch number is not obvious, but the sample of the high-temperature spraying spray is better than the sample of the normal-temperature spraying spray, and the branch number of the sample of the high-temperature spraying spray is more than that of the sample of the normal-temperature spraying spray. The dry fresh weight shows that the weight of the high-temperature treatment is lower than that of the normal-temperature treatment, and the weight of the spraying spray treatment is higher than that of the treatment without spraying spray. The dry weight of ZHMT versus ZHCK increased by 12.88%, and the dry weight of ZHMT versus ZRMT decreased by 6.20%; firstly, under the condition of normal temperature, the spraying agent has no obvious regulation and control effect on the length of the main spike, even the length of the main spike without a control group is long. Under the condition of high temperature, the spray has certain promotion effect on the growth of the main spike, and the sample performance of the sprayed spray is superior to that of the sample without the sprayed spray; under the condition of normal temperature, the spraying agent has great influence on the number of branches, and the spraying agent can obviously improve the number of branches. Under the condition of high temperature, the spraying agent has no great influence on the number of branches; the regulation and control of the dry, fresh and heavy are almost the same as those of Zhengdan 958, and are ideal.

TABLE 1 analysis table of agronomic character data of tassel

Note: the different letters in the same column represent significant differences (P < 0.05), and the same applies below

(2) Influence of spray on tassel loose powder under warming treatment

Influence on the pollen dispersing amount of the tassels under the temperature raising treatment: as shown in fig. 3, it can be seen from fig. 3 that the amount of pollen scattered in the treatment of zhengdan 958 is greater than that in the treatment of no spray at both normal temperature and high temperature, and the difference is significant, and even the amount of pollen scattered in the treatment of spray at high temperature is greater than that in the treatment of no spray at normal temperature, so that the effect of spray on the amount of pollen scattered in the tassel of corn is very significant. The powder amount of ZHMT compared with ZHCK is increased by 29.39%, the powder amount of ZHMT compared with ZRMT is reduced by 28.97%, and the powder amount of ZRMT compared with ZRCK is increased by 60.73%. Compared with Zhengdan 958, Xiuyu 335 has less overall powder-dispersing amount (probably caused by earlier powder-dispersing), whether spray is sprayed or not and the effect of high temperature is similar to that of normal temperature and Zhengdan, and the spray has obvious effect of increasing the powder-dispersing amount. The average powder amount of XHMT compared with XHCK is increased by 0.037g, and the powder amount of XHMT compared with XRMT is increased by 0.04 g.

Influence on the pollen dispersing rate of the tassels under the temperature raising treatment: as can be seen from fig. 4, the zhengdan 958 has no significant difference in the treatment of the three groups except for the high powder scattering rate of the spray under the high temperature condition, and the three groups have significant difference from the ZHMT treatment. The powder scattering rate of ZHMT compared with ZHCK is increased by 31.15%. The small difference of the four treatments of the first jade 335 is probably closely related to the excellent powder scattering capability of the first jade 335 tassels.

Influence on the activity of the corn pollen under the temperature raising treatment: as shown in fig. 5, zheng 958 did not significantly differ between treatments whether sprays or not sprays were applied under ambient conditions. But under the condition of high temperature, the spray has more obvious effect of improving the activity of the pollen. Under the condition of not spraying the spray, high temperature has very obvious negative influence on the pollen viability, and the pollen viability is greatly reduced at high temperature; meanwhile, under the condition of spraying the spray, whether high temperature has no influence on the vitality of the pollen basically. Pollen viability of ZHMT versus ZHCK increased 15.94%, and pollen viability of ZHMT versus zmmt decreased 1.70%.

When the jade 335 is sprayed with the spray at normal temperature, the treatment is not different, and the pollen activity is approximately equal. Under the high temperature condition, the treatment of the spraying agent and the spraying agent which is not sprayed has very obvious difference, and the spraying agent can greatly improve the pollen activity under the high temperature environment. Under the condition of not spraying the spray, high temperature has very obvious negative influence on the pollen viability, and the pollen viability is greatly reduced at high temperature; under the condition of spraying, the pollen activity is different but not obvious by high-temperature and normal-temperature treatment. In contrast to zhengdan 958. Pollen viability of XHMT versus XHCK increased 63.13%, and pollen viability of XHMT versus XRMT decreased 14.79%.

(3) Influence of spray on antioxidant enzyme activity of corn anther under heating treatment

Influence on anther SOD activity under warming treatment: as shown in fig. 6A, samples taken three days from zheng 958 exhibited to us that the treatment with the spray was higher in SOD activity than the treatment without the spray, also under high temperature conditions. The SOD activity of the SOD for 3 and 6 days is the highest ZHMT and the lowest ZRCK, the ZHCK and the ZRMT are respectively positioned at two and three, and the SOD activity are different among the groups (except for the sampling ZRCK and the ZRMT for the sixth day, the two are more similar). In the treatment of spraying the spray at normal temperature on day 14, the activity of SOD is even higher than that of the treatment of spraying the spray at high temperature, but no significant difference is found among the groups. On the fourteenth day, the SOD activity of ZHMT compared with ZHCK increased by 9.61%, and the SOD activity of ZHMT compared with ZRMT decreased by 3.09%.

As shown in fig. 6B, the three-day samples taken first from jade 335 exhibited to us that the treatment with spray was more SOD active than the treatment without spray, and that there was no significant difference between the groups of the two-

day

3 and 6 samples at ambient conditions. Similarly, SOD activity is higher when the spray is sprayed at high temperature. In 14 days, the content of SOD treated by the spraying agent is more than that of the spraying agent which is not sprayed no matter the spraying agent is at high temperature, and the SOD content is obviously different; there was no significant difference between the two treatments with the same spray applied and the two treatments with the same spray not applied. On the fourteenth day, the SOD activity of XHMT compared with XHCK increased by 10.49%, and the SOD activity of XHMT compared with XRMT decreased by 0.67%.

(ii) influence on anther POD activity under warming treatment: as shown in fig. 7A, zheng 958 increased with the number of days after the treatment, the POD activity of each treatment also increased. On the third day, the difference between the two groups treated at normal temperature is not significant, and the difference between the two groups treated at high temperature is significant. There was no significant difference between the two treatments with the same spray applied and the two treatments with the same spray not applied. In the sixth day, the treatment of spraying agent at normal temperature has significant difference with the other three groups, and the other three groups have no difference. In the fourteenth day, the POD activity of the spray treatment is higher than that of the spray treatment without spray whether the temperature is high or not, and the POD activity is remarkably different; there was no significant difference between the two treatments with the same spray applied and the two treatments with the same spray not applied. On the fourteenth day, the POD activity of ZHMT compared with ZHCK increased by 20.89%, and the POD activity of ZHMT compared with ZRMT decreased by 3.02%.

The POD activity was highest for the treatment of the high temperature spray three and six two days after jade 335 treatment as shown in fig. 7B, with four groups of POD activity on the third day increasing in sequence and there was a significant difference between the groups. In the sixth day, the treatment of the high-temperature spray has significant differences from the other three groups, and the other three groups have no differences. In the fourth day, the POD activity of the spray treatment is higher than that of the spray treatment without the spray treatment whether the high temperature condition exists or not, and the POD activity is remarkably different; regardless of spray application, POD activity under high-temperature conditions is always lower than that under normal-temperature conditions, and the difference is obvious. On the fourteenth day, the POD activity of XHMT compared to XHCK increased by 14.27% and the POD activity of XHMT compared to XRMT decreased by 19.67%.

Influence on anther CAT activity under warming treatment: as shown in fig. 8A, the CAT activity of the spray treatment was higher than that of the non-spray treatment regardless of high temperature on the third day after the zheng 958 treatment, and there were differences, in which the normal temperature was significantly different and the high temperature treatment was significantly different. On the sixth day after treatment, the CAT activity of the spray treatment was higher than that of the non-spray treatment regardless of the high temperature, and there was a significant difference between the two treatments with the same spray and the two treatments with the same non-spray treatment. In the fourteenth day after treatment, whether the temperature is high or not, the CAT activity of the spraying agent is higher than that of the spraying agent which is not sprayed, and the CAT activity is obviously different; there was a significant difference between the two treatments with the same spray application and the two treatments without the same spray application, and the CAT activity was higher for the normal temperature treatment than for the high temperature treatment. On the fourteenth day, the CAT activity of the ZHMT compared with the ZHCK increased by 62.96%, and the CAT activity of the ZHMT compared with the ZRMT decreased by 35.06%.

As shown in fig. 8B, the CAT activity of the sprayed spray was higher than that of the un-sprayed spray at the third day after the jade 335 treatment, and there were differences in both the high temperature treatment and the normal temperature treatment, and there were no significant differences in the high temperature treatment. In the sixth day after treatment, whether the high temperature treatment is carried out or not, the CAT activity of the spraying agent is higher than that of the spraying agent which is not sprayed, and the CAT activity is obviously different, especially the two groups of differences of the high temperature treatment are very obvious, and the CAT activity of the spraying agent is far higher than that of the spraying agent which is not sprayed. Under the condition of not spraying the spray, the high-temperature treatment is not different from the normal-temperature treatment. And when the spray is sprayed, the CAT activity of high-temperature treatment is higher than normal temperature, and the difference is obvious. In the fourteenth day after the treatment, the CAT activity of the spray treatment was higher than that of the non-spray treatment regardless of the high temperature, and there were differences, wherein the treatment with the spray at normal temperature was different from that with the non-spray treatment but was not significant. While the high temperatures are significant. Under the condition of not spraying the spray, the high-temperature treatment and the normal-temperature treatment have obvious difference, and the CAT activity of the normal-temperature treatment is higher than that of the high-temperature treatment. And when the spray is sprayed, the CAT activity of normal-temperature treatment is higher than that of high-temperature treatment, and the difference is obvious. On the fourteenth day, the CAT activity of XHMT compared with XHCK increased by 65.22%, and the CAT activity of XHMT compared with XRMT decreased by 16.67%.

(4) Influence of spray on oxidative damage of corn anther under temperature-raising treatment

Influence on anther MDA content under warming treatment: as shown in fig. 9A, three samples above zheng 958 were reacted: whether the treatment is carried out at high temperature or not, the MDA content of the treatment which is not sprayed with the spray is more than that of the spray, and the MDA content is different from that of the spray, wherein the MDA content is obviously different between the two groups of treatment at normal temperature and the two groups of treatment at high temperature. Under the condition of spraying or not, the MDA content treated at normal temperature is greater than that treated at high temperature, and the difference is very obvious. On the fourteenth day, the MDA content of the ZHMT compared with the ZHCK is reduced by 27.35 percent, and the MDA content of the ZHMT compared with the ZRMT is increased by 69.30 percent.

As shown in fig. 9B, the third day after jade 335 treatment, regardless of whether the temperature is high or not, the MDA content of the treatment without spray is greater than that of the spray, and there are differences, wherein there are significant differences between the two groups of treatments at room temperature and the two groups of treatments at high temperature. Under the condition of spraying or not, the MDA content treated at normal temperature is greater than that treated at high temperature, and the difference is very obvious. In the sixth day after treatment, whether the treatment is carried out at high temperature or not, the MDA content of the treatment which is not sprayed with the spray is more than the content of the spraying spray, and the MDA content is different, wherein the treatment in the two groups at normal temperature has a significant difference, and the treatment in the two groups at high temperature has a very significant difference. In the fourteenth day after treatment, the MDA content of the treatment without spray was more than that of the spray regardless of the high temperature, and there was no significant difference. And no matter whether spray is sprayed or not, the treatment at high temperature and normal temperature has obvious difference. On day three, the MDA content of XHMT versus XHCK decreased by 19.45% and the MDA content of XHMT versus XRMT increased by 56.65%.

Influence on the hydrogen peroxide content of the anther under the temperature raising treatment: as shown in fig. 10A, on the third day after the zhengdan 958 treatment, the hydrogen peroxide content of the treatment spray not sprayed was more than that of the spray at normal temperature, the hydrogen peroxide content of the treatment spray was more than that of the spray not sprayed at high temperature, and the hydrogen peroxide content of the treatment spray at normal temperature was more than that of the treatment spray at high temperature regardless of whether the spray was sprayed or not. There was no significant difference in all four groups of data. On the sixth day after treatment, the treated hydrogen peroxide content of the spray was greater than the content of the non-sprayed spray, regardless of the high temperature. The content of hydrogen peroxide in high-temperature treatment is higher than that in normal-temperature treatment no matter whether spray is sprayed or not. There was no significant difference in all four groups of data. In the fourteenth day after treatment, under the condition of normal temperature, the content of the hydrogen peroxide in the treatment without spraying the spray is more than that of the hydrogen peroxide in the spraying spray, and the hydrogen peroxide content has significant difference. Under the condition of high temperature, the content of the hydrogen peroxide treated by the spraying agent is more than that of the hydrogen peroxide not sprayed by the spraying agent, and the spraying agent has significant difference. Under the condition of not spraying the spray, the hydrogen peroxide content of normal-temperature treatment is higher than that of high-temperature treatment, and the obvious difference exists. Under the condition of spraying the spray, the content of the hydrogen peroxide is higher in high-temperature treatment than in normal-temperature treatment, and the difference is very obvious. On day three, the hydrogen peroxide content of ZHMT versus ZHCK increased by 5.24%, and the hydrogen peroxide content of ZHMT versus ZRMT decreased by 8.73%.

As shown in fig. 10B, the untreated spray on the third day after treatment with jade 335, regardless of whether the temperature was high, had a greater hydrogen peroxide content than the sprayed spray, and all differed, but were not significant. And no matter whether the spray agent is sprayed or not, the hydrogen peroxide content treated at high temperature is greater than that treated at normal temperature, and the hydrogen peroxide content treated at high temperature is different but not significant. On the sixth day after treatment, the content of the hydrogen peroxide in the treatment without spraying the spray is more than that of the spraying spray no matter whether the temperature is high or not, wherein the hydrogen peroxide content in the treatment without spraying the spray is not different between the hydrogen peroxide content and the spraying spray under the normal temperature condition, and the hydrogen peroxide content in the treatment without spraying the spray is obviously different between the hydrogen peroxide content and the spraying spray under the high temperature condition. Under the condition of spraying or not, the hydrogen peroxide content treated at high temperature is greater than that treated at normal temperature, the difference between the two sprays which are not sprayed is obvious, and the difference between the two sprays which are sprayed is not obvious. In the fourteenth day after treatment, the content of the hydrogen peroxide in the treatment without spraying the spray is more than that of the spraying spray regardless of whether the hydrogen peroxide is at high temperature or not, and the hydrogen peroxide content is different, wherein the hydrogen peroxide content in the treatment without spraying the spray is different but not significant in the treatment at normal temperature, and the hydrogen peroxide content in the treatment at high temperature is significantly different. The hydrogen peroxide content of high-temperature treatment is higher than that of normal-temperature treatment no matter spray is sprayed or not, and the hydrogen peroxide content has significant difference. On the fourteenth day, the hydrogen peroxide content of XHMT versus XHCK decreased by 30.12% and the hydrogen peroxide content of XHMT versus XRMT increased by 44.09%.

Influence on the content of superoxide anions of the anther under the temperature raising treatment: as shown in fig. 11A, on the third day after the zheng 958 treatment, the treated superoxide anion content of the non-sprayed spray was greater than the treated spray at normal temperature treatment, and the treated superoxide anion content of the sprayed spray was greater than the treated non-sprayed spray at high temperature treatment. Whether the spray is sprayed or not, the content of the superoxide anion treated at high temperature is greater than that treated at normal temperature, and the superoxide anion treated at high temperature has no significant difference under the condition that the spray is not sprayed, but has significant difference under the condition that the spray is sprayed. On the sixth day after treatment, whether the temperature is high or not, the content of the superoxide anion in the treatment without spraying the spray is more than that of the spraying spray, and the superoxide anion has difference, wherein the normal temperature treatment has significant difference, and the high temperature treatment has difference but is not significant. The hydrogen peroxide content of high-temperature treatment is higher than that of normal-temperature treatment regardless of spraying of the spray, and the hydrogen peroxide content is obviously different from that of normal-temperature treatment. In the fourteenth day after the treatment, the content of superoxide anion in the treatment solution without spray was more than that in the spray regardless of the high temperature, and there were differences but were not significant. Whether spray agent is sprayed or not, the content of superoxide anion treated at high temperature is greater than the content of hydrogen peroxide treated at normal temperature, and the content has significant difference. Taking day six as an example, the superoxide anion content of ZHMT versus ZHCK decreased by 14.04%, and the superoxide anion content of ZHMT versus ZRMT increased by 42.93%.

In the third day after jade 335 treatment, the content of superoxide anion in the treatment without spray is more than that in the spray regardless of high temperature, and the content is obviously different. Whether spray agent is sprayed or not, the content of superoxide anion treated at high temperature is greater than the content of hydrogen peroxide treated at normal temperature, and the content has significant difference. In the sixth day after treatment, the content of the treated superoxide anion of the spray which is not sprayed is more than that of the spray whether the temperature is high or not, the treated superoxide anion and the spray have no difference under the normal temperature condition, and the treated superoxide anion and the spray have obvious difference under the high temperature condition. Whether the spray is sprayed or not, the content of superoxide anion treated at high temperature is greater than the content of hydrogen peroxide treated at normal temperature, and the superoxide anion treated at high temperature is different from the hydrogen peroxide treated at normal temperature, wherein the two spray-not-sprayed sprays are very different from each other, and the two spray-sprayed sprays are different from each other. In the fourteenth day after treatment, the content of the treated superoxide anion of the spray which is not sprayed is more than that of the spray whether the temperature is high or not, the treated superoxide anion and the spray have no difference under the normal temperature condition, and the treated superoxide anion and the spray have obvious difference under the high temperature condition. Whether the spray is sprayed or not, the content of superoxide anion treated at high temperature is greater than the content of hydrogen peroxide treated at normal temperature, and the superoxide anion treated at high temperature is different from the hydrogen peroxide treated at normal temperature, wherein the two spray-not-sprayed sprays are very different from each other, and the two spray-sprayed sprays are different from each other. Taking the fourteenth day as an example, the superoxide anion content of XHMT compared with XHCK is reduced by 24.07%, and the superoxide anion content of XHMT compared with XRMT is increased by 44.08%

(5) Influence of spray on corn yield and its constituent factors under warming treatment

The results are shown in Table 2, Table 2 showing: under the normal temperature condition of Zhengdan 958, the treatment of the spraying agent and the spraying agent which is not sprayed has obvious difference, and the yield is improved. Under the high temperature condition, the treatment contrast of the spraying agent and the spraying agent which is not sprayed has very obvious difference, and the spraying agent can improve the yield of crops under the high temperature environment. Production of ZHMT versus ZHCK increased by 18.53%, and production of ZHMT versus ZRMT decreased by 8.99%.

Under the condition of the jade 335 normal temperature, the treatment of the spraying agent and the spraying agent which is not sprayed has obvious difference, and the yield is improved. Under the high temperature condition, the treatment contrast of the spraying agent and the spraying agent which is not sprayed has very obvious difference, and the spraying agent can improve the yield of crops under the high temperature environment. Under the condition of not spraying the spray, high temperature has very obvious negative influence on the yield of the corn, and the high temperature reduces the yield of the corn; under the condition of spraying, the yield of the high-temperature and normal-temperature treatment is also obviously different. The yield of XHMT versus XHCK increased by 8.17% and the yield of XHMT versus XRMT decreased by 6.46%.

In addition, the spike length results for the comparative treatment groups show: zhengdan 958 showed significant differences between treatments, with a 10.47% increase in the ear length of ZHMT versus ZHCK and a 0.96% decrease in the ear length of ZHMT versus ZRMT. There was no significant difference between the four treatments, bald tip length and ear row number. The ear row number of ZHMT is increased by 5.41 percent compared with that of ZHCK. The difference between treatments for panicle length of pioneer jade 335 was significant, with 5.76% increase in XHMT versus XHCK, and 4.12% increase in XHMT versus XRMT. The number of rows per ear of XHMT was increased by 2.56% compared to XHCK.

TABLE 2 influence of melatonin on corn yield contributors under warming treatment

Further experimental verification proves that the weight per hundred grains of the spray treatment is greater than that of the spray treatment without spray no matter the Zhengdan 958 is treated at normal temperature or high temperature, but the difference is not obvious, and the difference between the high temperature treatment and the normal temperature treatment is extremely obvious. Wherein the hundred weight of ZHMT compared with ZHCK is increased by 2.73%, and the hundred weight of ZHMT compared with ZRMT is decreased by 4.38%.

Under the conditions of normal temperature treatment or high temperature treatment, the weight of the sprayed spray in hundred grains is larger than that of the sprayed spray which is not sprayed, but the difference is not obvious. In the two groups of treatments for spraying the spray, the weight of the hundred grains in the high-temperature treatment is greater than that in the normal-temperature treatment, and in the two groups of treatments for not spraying the spray, the weight of the hundred grains in the normal-temperature treatment is greater than that in the high-temperature treatment. Wherein the hundred particle weight of XHMT versus XHCK increased 6.14% and the hundred particle weight of XHMT versus XRMT increased 8.97%.

The above results show that: high temperature affects the growth and development of the tassel of corn. The longer the high temperature time, the lower the antioxidant capacity of the corn. The spray has obvious positive influence on the regulation and control effect of the corn, namely the improvement of the antioxidant capacity of tassels and the later-stage crop yield. The physiological indexes of crops are optimized, and the growth conditions of tassels, such as main ear length, branch number, dry fresh weight and the like, are improved; improves the powder scattering amount and the powder scattering rate, and prolongs the powder scattering time of the tassel. The degree of oxidative damage is also reduced, the yield is improved correspondingly, and the yield indexes have good performance.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. The spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn is characterized by comprising effective components, a spreader, an active agent and a preservative, wherein the effective components comprise melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid.

2. The spray for relieving the high temperature stress of the corns according to the claim 1, wherein the spreader is tween-20, the active agent is triton X-100, and the preservative is sodium sorbate.

3. The spray for relieving the high temperature stress of the corns according to claim 2, wherein the spray is 80-150 μmol/L of melatonin, 3-10mmol/L of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-10ml/L of Tween-20, 5-10ml/L of Triton X-100, 0.2-1g/L of sodium sorbate and distilled water as a solvent.

4. The use of the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for promoting the growth of the tassels of the corn in a high-temperature environment.

5. The use of the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corn according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for improving the pollen scattering amount and/or the pollen scattering rate of the corn tassels in a high-temperature environment.

6. The use of the spray for relieving high temperature stress of corn according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for improving the vigor of corn pollen in a high temperature environment.

7. The use of the spray for relieving the high-temperature stress of the corns according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes of the corns in a high-temperature environment.

8. The use of the spray for relieving high temperature stress of corn according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for relieving oxidative damage of corn anthers in a high temperature environment.

9. The use of the spray for relieving high temperature stress of corn according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for improving the yield of corn in a high temperature environment.

10. Use according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein the high temperature environment is in particular between 30 and 40 ℃.