CN113438788A - Multi-step electrostatic probe - Google Patents
Multi-step electrostatic probe Download PDFInfo
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- CN113438788A CN113438788A CN202110769782.5A CN202110769782A CN113438788A CN 113438788 A CN113438788 A CN 113438788A CN 202110769782 A CN202110769782 A CN 202110769782A CN 113438788 A CN113438788 A CN 113438788A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/0006—Investigating plasma, e.g. measuring the degree of ionisation or the electron temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-step electrostatic probe, which comprises a graphite shell, wherein three step surfaces are formed at the top of the graphite shell, and are respectively a first step surface, a second step surface and a third step surface from low to high; a first double probe, a second double probe, a first suspension potential probe and a sixth suspension potential probe are arranged on the third step surface; the first double probe and the second double probe are arranged in the same column, the first suspension potential probe and the sixth suspension potential probe are arranged in the same column, and the fourth suspension potential probe and the fifth suspension potential probe which are arranged in the same column are arranged on the second step surface; a second suspension potential probe, a third double probe, a fourth double probe and a third suspension potential probe are arranged on the first step surface; the second suspension potential probe and the third suspension potential probe are arranged in the same column, the third double probe and the fourth double probe are arranged in the same column, and the five rows of probes are arranged in a staggered manner. The invention solves the problem that the existing probe can not measure a plurality of transport volumes of plasma simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plasma electrostatic characteristic diagnosis, in particular to a multi-step electrostatic probe.
Background
In a magnetic confinement fusion plasma device, how to reduce the transport level and the heat transport level of plasma particles and improve the confinement level of the device to the plasma is one of the key problems of whether the controllable self-sustaining fusion reaction with economy can be realized. Present theoretical and experimental results indicate that micro-instabilities, turbulence, in the plasma are the main factor causing particle transport and thermal transport. Therefore, the research on the turbulent flow in the plasma experimental device and the transport behavior caused by the turbulent flow is one of the important subjects of the magnetic confinement fusion research.
In the current magnetic confinement fusion device, the specific pressure (the ratio of power pressure intensity to magnetic pressure intensity) of plasma is small, and the characteristics of turbulent flow transportation are mainly determined by electrostatic effect. Electrostatic probe (also known as langmuir probe) diagnostic techniques are the most typical means of plasma turbulence measurement. In a typical application environment, the voltammetry curve of the electrostatic probe can reflect important parameters of local plasma such as electron temperature, electron density, space potential, rotation speed and the like. By setting different working states of the probes and combining the probes, rich plasma turbulence information can be obtained. The basic working states of the probe include:
1. suspended potential
A single probe is suspended in plasma, and after the electron flow and the particle flow on the surface of the probe are balanced, the ground potential of the probe is the suspension potential phif。
2. Saturated flow single probe
Placing a single probe in plasma, adding enough negative bias voltage between the probe and the ground to make the probe fully repel electron current and ion current reach saturation, at this time, the saturation current is the ion saturation current I of the probesi。
3. Scanning probe
A single probe is placed in the plasma, positive and negative scanning voltages which are large enough are added between the probe and the ground, so that the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the probe is obtained, and the electron temperature n of the local plasma can be obtained from the analysis of the volt-ampere characteristic curveeElectron density TeSuspension potential phifPotential in space phipAn electron energy distribution function f (e), etc.
4. Double probe pair
Placing two probes in the same plasma, and loading constant bias voltage between the two probes to make the negative bias probe in the ion saturation region and the positive bias probe in the transition region, and making the voltages to earth of the two probes be phi respectively+And phi-The current flowing through the two probes is the plasma saturated ion current Isi. The double probe pairs are usually used in combination with nearby floating potential probes to form a three-probe combination, and the three-probe combination is utilized
And
the plasma temperature and density can be obtained by using the formula phip＝φf+αTeA plasma space potential can be obtained.
5. Mach probe pair
Respectively arranging a saturated current single probe at the upstream and the downstream along the plasma current direction, and arranging a shelter around the probe to ensure that the upstream probe only receives the upstream saturated current IuThe downstream probe only receives the downstream saturated ion flow Id. Mach number of the plasma in the direction can be obtained according to the probe principle
When the probes are used independently, only partial plasma parameter information can be obtained, and the measurement requirement of complex physical quantity can be realized by forming an electrostatic probe array in a proper combination mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-step electrostatic probe, which solves the problem that the existing probe cannot simultaneously measure a plurality of transport volumes of plasma.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-step electrostatic probe comprises a graphite shell, wherein three step surfaces are formed at the top of the graphite shell and respectively comprise a first step surface, a second step surface and a third step surface from low to high;
a first double probe, a second double probe, a first suspension potential probe and a sixth suspension potential probe are arranged on the third step surface; the first double probes and the second double probes are arranged in the same row, the first suspension potential probes and the sixth suspension potential probes are arranged in the same row, the first double probes, the second double probes, the first suspension potential probes and the sixth suspension potential probes are arranged in a staggered mode, the first double probes and the first suspension potential probes are respectively arranged on two side edges of a third step surface, and the rows where the first double probes and the second double probes are located are far away from the second step surface;
a fourth suspension potential probe and a fifth suspension potential probe which are arranged in the same row are arranged on the second step surface; the fourth suspension potential probe or the fifth suspension potential probe is arranged at the edge of the second step surface, and the fourth suspension potential probe and the fifth suspension potential probe are arranged in a staggered manner with the first suspension potential probe and the sixth suspension potential probe;
a second suspension potential probe, a third double probe, a fourth double probe and a third suspension potential probe are arranged on the first step surface; the second suspension potential probe and the third suspension potential probe are arranged in the same row, the third double probe and the fourth double probe are arranged in the row and far away from the second step surface, the second suspension potential probe and the fourth double probe are respectively arranged on two side edges of the first step surface, the second suspension potential probe, the third double probe, the fourth double probe and the third suspension potential probe are arranged in a staggered mode, and the second suspension potential probe and the third suspension potential probe are arranged in a staggered mode with the fourth suspension potential probe and the fifth suspension potential probe.
The height direction of the steps is the radial direction of the probe, and the columns are the annular direction of the probe. In each row of probes in the invention, the probe close to the step edge is positively biased, and the other probe is negatively biased.
The third, fourth, fifth and sixth suspension potential probes form a four-probe, and are used for reynolds strength measurement to obtain a polar electric field, a radial electric field and a momentum flow at a local second step surface, the first, second, first and sixth suspension potential probes form an electrostatic four-probe, and are used for measuring an ion saturation flow, a plasma suspension potential, a polar electric field, a space potential, a plasma electron temperature, an electron density, a radial particle flow and a heat flow at a local third step surface, and the second, third, fourth and third suspension potential probes form an electrostatic four-probe, and are used for measuring a plasma suspension potential, a polar electric field, a space potential, a plasma electron temperature and a radial particle flow at a local first step surface, Electron density, and radial particle flow, heat flow. And taking the average value of each parameter obtained by measuring the first step surface and the third step surface as a good approximate value of the parameters of the second step surface. Through the mode, the ten probes can simultaneously obtain the ion saturation flow, the plasma suspension potential, the polar electric field, the space potential, the plasma electron temperature and the electron density of the second step surface local area, and the polar electric field and the radial electric field, and obtain the radial particle flow, the heat flow and the momentum flow on the basis of the ion saturation flow, the plasma suspension potential, the polar electric field, the space potential, the plasma electron temperature and the electron density.
According to the method, the probes are arranged, the electrostatic probe needles protrude out of the top end of the probe, the probes in each row are arranged in a staggered mode, at most two rows of non-shielding probes can be designed on the same step, so that the probes are not shielded, and the whole multi-step probe has the advantage of small size.
Further, the spacing between two probes in different columns is the same.
For example: the distance between the first double probe and the second double probe is L, the distance between the first floating potential probe and the sixth floating potential probe is L, the distance between the fourth floating potential probe and the fifth floating potential probe is L, the distance between the second floating potential probe and the third floating potential probe is L, and the distance between the third double probe and the fourth double probe is L.
Further, the spacing between adjacent columns is the same.
For example: the vertical distance from the sixth suspension potential probe to the connecting line between the first double probe and the second double probe is m, and the vertical distance from the sixth suspension potential probe to the connecting line between the fourth suspension potential probe and the fifth suspension potential probe is m.
Further, the tip heads of the probes are consistent in height.
Furthermore, the needle heads at the top ends of the first double probe, the second double probe, the first suspended potential probe and the sixth suspended potential probe protrude out of the third step surface by 1-4 mm; the needle heads at the top ends of the fourth suspension potential probe and the fifth suspension potential probe protrude out of the second step surface by 1-4 m; and the tips of the second suspended potential probe, the third double probe, the fourth double probe and the third suspended potential probe all protrude out of the first step surface by 1-4 m.
Furthermore, the diameter of the tip needle head of each probe is 2 mm-4 mm.
Furthermore, through holes respectively matched with the probes are formed in the first step surface, the second step surface and the third step surface, and the inner diameter of each through hole is 3-5 mm.
Further, the top of graphite shell is square planar structure, square planar structure is last to be provided with L shape structure, the vertical section top and the horizontal segment top of L shape structure are third step face and second step face respectively, square planar structure is first step face.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention can be used for simultaneously measuring the ion saturation flow, the electron temperature, the density, the plasma potential, the radial electric field and the polar electric field of the plasma at the same local position, and can also obtain the plasma particle flow, the heat flow and the momentum flow on the basis of the measurement.
2. According to the method, the probes are arranged, the electrostatic probe needles protrude out of the top end of the probe, the probes in each row are arranged in a staggered mode, at most two rows of non-shielding probes can be designed on the same step, so that the probes are not shielded, and the whole multi-step probe has the advantage of small size.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-step electrostatic probe.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-a first double probe, 2-a second double probe, 3-a first suspension potential probe, 4-a second suspension potential probe, 5-a third double probe, 6-a fourth double probe, 7-a third suspension potential probe, 8-a fourth suspension potential probe, 9-a fifth suspension potential probe, 10-a sixth suspension potential probe and 11-a graphite shell.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the multi-step electrostatic probe comprises a graphite shell 11, and is characterized in that three step surfaces are formed at the top of the graphite shell 11, and from low to high, a first step surface, a second step surface and a third step surface are respectively formed;
a first double probe 1, a second double probe 2, a first suspension potential probe 3 and a sixth suspension potential probe 10 are arranged on the third step surface; the first double probe 1 and the second double probe 2 are arranged in the same column, the first suspension potential probe 3 and the sixth suspension potential probe 10 are arranged in the same column, the first double probe 1, the second double probe 2, the first suspension potential probe 3 and the sixth suspension potential probe 10 are arranged in a staggered manner, the first double probe 1 and the first suspension potential probe 3 are respectively arranged on two side edges of a third step surface, and the column where the first double probe 1 and the second double probe 2 are arranged is far away from the second step surface;
a fourth suspension potential probe 8 and a fifth suspension potential probe 9 which are arranged in the same row are arranged on the second step surface; the fourth suspension potential probe 8 or the fifth suspension potential probe 9 is arranged at the edge of the second step surface, and the fourth suspension potential probe 8 and the fifth suspension potential probe 9 are arranged in a staggered manner with the first suspension potential probe 3 and the sixth suspension potential probe 10;
a second suspension potential probe 4, a third double probe 5, a fourth double probe 6 and a third suspension potential probe 7 are arranged on the first step surface; second suspension potential probe 4 and third suspension potential probe 7 arrange in same row, third double probe 5 and fourth double probe 6 arrange in same row, second step face setting is kept away from in the row of third double probe 5 and fourth double probe 6 place, the both sides edge of first step face is arranged respectively to second suspension potential probe 4 and fourth double probe 6, second suspension potential probe 4, third double probe 5, fourth double probe 6, third suspension potential probe 7 staggered arrangement, second suspension potential probe 4 and third suspension potential probe 7 and fourth suspension potential probe 8 and fifth suspension potential probe 9 staggered arrangement.
In this example, the spacing between two probes in different columns is the same; the distance between adjacent rows is the same, and at most two rows of probes are arranged on the same step surface.
In this embodiment, the tip tips of the probes are of uniform height:
the needle heads at the top ends of the first double probe 1, the second double probe 2, the first suspension potential probe 3 and the sixth suspension potential probe 10 protrude out of the third step surface by 1-4 mm; the tips of the fourth suspended potential probe 8 and the fifth suspended potential probe 9 protrude out of the second step surface by 1-4 m; the tips of the second suspended potential probe 4, the third double probe 5, the fourth double probe 6 and the third suspended potential probe 7 all protrude out of the first step surface by 1-4 m; and through holes respectively matched with the probes are formed in the first step surface, the second step surface and the third step surface, and the inner diameter of each through hole is 3-5 mm.
The diameter of the top end needle head of each probe is 2 mm-4 mm.
In this embodiment, the top of graphite shell 11 is square planar structure, square planar structure is last to be provided with L shape structure, the vertical section top and the horizontal segment top of L shape structure are third step face and second step face respectively, square planar structure is first step face, specifically:
the graphite shell 11 is integrally in a square cylinder shape, the length of the interior of the graphite shell is 20-50 mm, and the width of the graphite shell is 20-40 mm; the height of the graphite shell 11 is 60-150 mm, and each step is 2-5 mm high.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-step electrostatic probe comprises a graphite shell (11), and is characterized in that three step surfaces are formed at the top of the graphite shell (11), and are a first step surface, a second step surface and a third step surface from low to high;
a first double probe (1), a second double probe (2), a first suspension potential probe (3) and a sixth suspension potential probe (10) are arranged on the third step surface; the first double probe (1) and the second double probe (2) are arranged in the same column, the first suspension potential probe (3) and the sixth suspension potential probe (10) are arranged in the same column, the first double probe (1), the second double probe (2), the first suspension potential probe (3) and the sixth suspension potential probe (10) are arranged in a staggered mode, the first double probe (1) and the first suspension potential probe (3) are respectively arranged on two side edges of a third step surface, and the column where the first double probe (1) and the second double probe (2) are located is far away from the second step surface;
a fourth suspension potential probe (8) and a fifth suspension potential probe (9) which are arranged in the same row are arranged on the second step surface; the fourth suspension potential probe (8) or the fifth suspension potential probe (9) is arranged at the edge of the second step surface, and the fourth suspension potential probe (8) and the fifth suspension potential probe (9) are arranged in a staggered manner with the first suspension potential probe (3) and the sixth suspension potential probe (10);
a second suspension potential probe (4), a third double probe (5), a fourth double probe (6) and a third suspension potential probe (7) are arranged on the first step surface; second suspension potential probe (4) and third suspension potential probe (7) are arranged in same row, third two probe (5) and fourth two probe (6) are arranged in same row, second step face setting is kept away from in third two probe (5) and fourth two probe (6) place row, the both sides edge of first step face is arranged respectively to second suspension potential probe (4) and fourth two probe (6), second suspension potential probe (4), third two probe (5), fourth two probe (6), third suspension potential probe (7) staggered arrangement, second suspension potential probe (4) and third suspension potential probe (7) and fourth suspension potential probe (8) and fifth suspension potential probe (9) staggered arrangement.
2. A multi-step electrostatic probe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spacing between two probes in different columns is the same.
3. A multi-step electrostatic probe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spacing between adjacent columns is the same.
4. The multi-step electrostatic probe of claim 1, wherein the tips of the probes are of uniform tip height.
5. The multi-step electrostatic probe as claimed in claim 4, wherein tip needles of the first double probe (1), the second double probe (2), the first floating potential probe (3) and the sixth floating potential probe (10) protrude from a third step surface by 1-4 mm; the tips of the fourth suspension potential probe (8) and the fifth suspension potential probe (9) protrude out of the second step surface by 1-4 m; the top end needle heads of the second suspension potential probe (4), the third double probe (5), the fourth double probe (6) and the third suspension potential probe (7) protrude out of the first step surface by 1-4 m.
6. The multi-step electrostatic probe of claim 1, wherein the tip of each probe has a diameter of 2mm to 4 mm.
7. The multi-step electrostatic probe as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first step surface, the second step surface and the third step surface are provided with through holes respectively matched with the probes, and the inner diameter of each through hole is 3mm to 5 mm.
8. The multi-step electrostatic probe as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the top of the graphite shell (11) is a square planar structure, the square planar structure is provided with an L-shaped structure, the top of the vertical section and the top of the horizontal section of the L-shaped structure are respectively a third step surface and a second step surface, and the square planar structure is a first step surface.
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| CN202110769782.5A CN113438788B (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2021-07-07 | Multi-step electrostatic probe |
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