CN113438044A - High-certainty MAC transmission method for avionics system wireless communication - Google Patents
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- H04J3/02—Details
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-certainty MAC transmission method facing avionics system wireless communication, which divides the TDMA period of the whole wireless aviation internal communication network into: the method comprises the steps of synchronously broadcasting time slots, signaling time slots, static segment time slots and dynamic segment time slots; wherein the synchronous broadcast time slot broadcasts a synchronous frame; the signaling time slot is used for route construction and resource release time slot; the static segment time slot is divided into a plurality of static time slots with equal length, and the data frame with high certainty and high timeliness is sent in the planned static time slot; arranging ID numbers of dynamic time slots in a communication dynamic segment time slot, arranging the ID numbers of the dynamic time slots in sequence from small to large according to the sequence of the ID numbers of the dynamic time slots, and setting data with high priority to be sent in small segments of the ID numbers of the dynamic time slots. The invention realizes strong real-time periodic time-triggered communication scheduling of various types of user data of the wireless aviation internal communication network based on the global synchronous clock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless aviation internal communication networks, and relates to a high-certainty MAC transmission method for avionics system wireless communication.
Background
The wireless intra-aircraft communication network is a novel wireless communication system used for communication between short-distance avionic devices connected in an aircraft. The wireless aeronautical internal communication WAIC research project is established by the international telecommunication union, the international civil aviation organization, the aerospace system research and other aircraft manufacturers. The world radio communication major (WRC) regularly updates the research results related to the wireless aeronautical intercom network and releases the standard, the bandwidth of the frequency spectrum is determined by the world radio organization association in 2015 at present, the 4200 MHz-4400 MHz frequency band is determined to be used for wireless communication between the built-in devices, and the frequency spectrum is allocated to WAIC communication to be a great technical challenge, because the allocation of the frequency spectrum determines whether safe and reliable communication can be carried out in the corresponding frequency spectrum band and is harmless to interference of other same-frequency band communication applications, and the WAIC can improve the efficiency of the avionic device and enhance the reliability of the avionic device.
Generally, an avionics communication system in an airplane is closed, the design of the top layer of the system is determined, and the number of devices participating in the avionics system communication and the position of an airplane cabin in which the avionics system is located are fixed; the wireless aviation internal communication network is limited to the interaction of internal information of an avionic communication system, such as control command data, voice, video and the like, and does not comprise the communication among different airplanes, between airplanes and satellites or between airplanes and ground systems, so that airborne wireless avionic communication in the airplanes is considered to be closed; meanwhile, under the airborne environment of the avionics, the wireless communication equipment does not need to pursue relatively extreme energy consumption saving like the wireless equipment under the application scene of the Internet of things.
The complexity of the environment of the wireless communication used in the application scene is relatively weakened, and the complexity of the related technology design is effectively controlled. The wireless connection with a relatively fixed position can effectively control the change of the signal strength along with time caused by the change of a transmission medium or a transmission path, and the speed is not constant; hidden nodes or exposed nodes in the system are avoided; the short transmission distance can be designed to realize one-hop arrival communication, so that a wireless relay mode is avoided; by allocating independent frequency band design, signal competition and mutual interference caused by signal overlapping in the same frequency band can be effectively avoided. However, the inherent characteristics of the medium access mode and unpredictable wireless channel behavior of wireless communication make the characteristics of real-time, certainty and reliability of transmission inferior to those of wired transmission. The wired exchange communication adopts a full-duplex channel access mode, so that access conflict of a sending end does not exist, a wireless channel is a shared medium, and signal interference is caused when sending equipment is accessed simultaneously. By adopting any MAC access mechanism, on the basis of tolerating the existing problems, the reliability and the certainty of wireless communication in the avionic system are improved, and the MAC access mechanism becomes an obstacle which needs to be cleared in the application and popularization process of the technology.
In the development process of commercial wireless communication technology, a plurality of communication standards used in different application scenes are evolved, wherein a part of the technology improves the certainty of wireless communication to different degrees. WLAN is widely used as one of the wireless lan standards due to its high bandwidth transmission capability, good protocol development compatibility, and simple application. It is a micro wireless network comprising AP (access point) and stations. The access nodes AP, such as base stations and stations, act as clients or workstations. In the WLAN communication mechanism, it is assumed that a network with a layered architecture is constructed in the field of avionics by combining wired communication and wireless communication, a wired communication system provides wireless network AP devices, and a time-triggered communication mode based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is adopted to improve reliability and certainty of wireless communication.
The Time Triggered Ethernet (TTE) is used as a network which typically adopts a channel intervention mechanism of TDMA in wired communication, and high-reliability and predictable time-delayed time-triggered communication transmission is realized by constructing a high-precision distributed uniform time base; a way to support both flow controlled access and best effort services enables hybrid critical application integration. Based on TTE network communication characteristics, part of nodes in the wired network are selected as AP equipment of the wireless network, and wireless access realizes contention-free time-sharing access by dividing time slots based on a unified clock basis, so that a reliable and determined channel is provided for wireless transmission, and transmission delay with a boundary is ensured to exist in wireless information interaction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-certainty MAC transmission method for avionics system wireless communication, aiming at the problems that different communication architectures and communication protocols are adopted in each functional domain of an aircraft electronic system for transmission, so that the types of connectors are various, the connecting line is complex, the weight of a cable is heavy, the cost is high, and the complexity of interconnection and intercommunication design is high. Under the wireless and wired combined layered architecture, the clock synchronization is conducted from the wired to the wireless, so that the synchronous cooperation among the layers is realized. Under the synchronous state of the wireless aviation internal communication network in the aviation electronic system, strong real-time periodic time-triggered communication scheduling (based on a TDMA (time division multiple Access) period and a period allocation time slot defined by the system) is carried out on the basis of a global synchronous clock by using various types of user data in the wireless aviation internal communication network.
The invention aims to be realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-certainty MAC transmission method facing avionics system wireless communication is applied to a gateway device, the gateway device is used for accessing to a wired communication network in an avionics system and is used as a hotspot device in a wireless avionics internal communication network, and the method comprises the following steps:
the TDMA cycle of the whole wireless aeronautical internal communication network is divided into four time slots: the method comprises the steps of synchronously broadcasting time slots, signaling time slots, static segment time slots and dynamic segment time slots; wherein:
the synchronous broadcast time slot is positioned at the beginning part of the whole TDMA cycle and is used for broadcasting a synchronous frame when the gateway equipment is used as a clock source of the wireless aviation internal communication network;
the signaling time slot is used for route construction and resource release;
the static segment time slot is used for transmitting data with high determined high timeliness, the static segment time slot is divided into a plurality of time segments with equal length, a static time slot number and a corresponding wireless communication equipment ID are configured in a single time segment, and when a mode that the cycle number and the static time slot number of a certain static time slot are respectively mapped and corresponding to the wireless communication equipment ID of a certain data frame in a system-wide unique relationship one by one (for example, the cycle number and the static time slot number are set to be the same as the three IDs of the wireless communication equipment ID) according to a preset rule, the data frame can be transmitted in the current static time slot;
arranging ID numbers of dynamic time slots in a communication dynamic segment time slot, arranging the ID numbers of the dynamic time slots in sequence from small to large according to the sequence of the ID numbers of the dynamic time slots, and setting data with high priority to be sent in small segments of the ID numbers of the dynamic time slots.
Preferably, the manner of accessing communication on the static segment time slot includes: communication frame data of a wired time-triggered switching network accessed to a time-triggered Ethernet, wherein the communication frame data completes high-speed real-time forwarding across network segments through hardware hard time constraint in gateway equipment; a mode of adopting application end scheduling input, the communication data with high priority and high timeliness transmitted by the mode is generated by a wireless application; and the data transmitted on the dynamic segment time slot are generated by a network application terminal.
Preferably, the allocation of the dynamic segment time slot is obtained by applying for the gateway device by sending a resource request frame by the station according to the self requirement, wherein the resource request frame is transmitted by adopting a CSMA mechanism on the signaling time slot and comprises the detailed description of the request flow;
and allocating and scheduling the static segment time slot in an off-line mode, or dividing the static segment time slot according to the requirements of each wireless communication device through a network card device, carrying out communication distribution on line, and carrying out time triggering and scheduling according to the static time slot distributed on line by each wireless communication device.
Preferably, for the traffic control type RC data stream, the RC data stream is added to the scheduler in an off-line manner or dynamically according to the static time slot planned by the static segment time slot, or the RC data stream is defined as the traffic stream of the priority in the dynamic segment time slot for transmission;
for the transmission of the competitive best effort BE data stream on the dynamic time slot, the self sending authority is decided according to the self priority, and the competitive conflict is allowed;
the data stream is transmitted on static segment slots for time triggered TT.
Preferably, the time proportion of the static segment time slot and the dynamic segment time slot is determined by counting and analyzing the user transmission requirements, and the high-certainty data transmission bandwidth is firstly met.
Preferably, the clock source of the wireless intra-aircraft communication network is obtained in a wireless cross-domain cooperative synchronization manner, specifically, after the gateway device obtains the synchronous clock of the wired communication network, the synchronous clock is set as a homologous clock source of the wireless intra-aircraft communication network, and synchronization of the wireless intra-aircraft communication network is realized through a wireless intra-aircraft communication network synchronous time service mechanism.
Preferably, when a clock source cannot be acquired in a wireless cross-domain coordinated synchronization mode, external precise time is acquired as the clock source through a GPS or a Beidou, specifically, a second pulse and a time stamp channel for time service of the external clock source are predefined in an avionic system, the gateway device acquires the external precise time as the clock source by capturing second pulse signals and time stamp information of the time stamp channel, and synchronization of the wireless aviation internal communication network is realized through a synchronous time service mechanism of the wireless aviation internal communication network;
preferably, when the external precise time cannot be acquired as the clock source in a wireless cross-domain cooperative synchronization mode or through a GPS or a Beidou, the clock source is defined as the clock source by adopting a user offline election designated mode, and the synchronization of the wireless aviation internal communication network is realized through a synchronous time service mechanism of the wireless aviation internal communication network.
The invention relates to a high-certainty MAC transmission method for avionics system wireless communication, which is characterized in that under a wireless and wired combined layered architecture, clock synchronization is conducted from wired to wireless, and synchronous cooperation among layers is realized. Under the system synchronization state, the wireless system realizes strong real-time periodic time-triggered communication scheduling (based on the TDMA cycle and the cycle allocation time slot defined by the system) of various types of user data in the wireless system on the basis of a global synchronization clock, and can improve the time certainty, the real-time performance, the reliability and the safety of data communication to a certain extent and meet the application occasions with high real-time requirement level. The design method greatly enriches the method links of users for the means of model selection of the aviation onboard bus and promotion of aviation bus integration based on the time trigger architecture. Meanwhile, the application of the patent is independent of a hardware platform, the application range is wide, and the application has obvious market prospect and economic benefit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a configuration of a wired network and a wireless intra-aircraft communication network in an avionics system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic time slot division diagram of a wireless intra-aircraft communication network.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wireless MAC access scheme.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The high-certainty MAC transmission method oriented to avionics system wireless communication disclosed by the embodiment is applied to gateway equipment, and is shown in fig. 1, wherein the gateway equipment is used for accessing a wired communication network in an avionics system and serving as hot spot equipment in a wireless aviation internal communication network, so that layering, domain division and synchronous cooperation of the wired communication network and the wireless aviation internal communication network are realized.
On the basis of clock synchronization, a TDMA mechanism-based mode is adopted in the wireless aviation internal communication network, the whole wireless aviation internal communication network carries out periodic communication based on a TDMA cycle, and referring to fig. 2, a wireless hotspot communication time slot planning module divides the TDMA cycle of the whole wireless aviation internal communication network into four time slots: the method comprises the steps of synchronous broadcast time SLOTs, signaling time SLOTs, periodic static segment time SLOTs (TT _ SLOT) and dynamic segment time SLOTs (ET _ SLOT) facing to user random access communication, wherein the two last time SLOTs are service time SLOTs.
The access communication on the static segment time slot can adopt two access modes, one is accessed to the communication frame data of a wired time-triggered switching network of the time-triggered Ethernet, and the data completes the high-speed real-time forwarding (the hardware forwarding mode of wired MAC to wireless MAC and the hardware forwarding mode of wired time slot to wireless time slot) of the cross-network segment through the hardware time constraint of the gateway equipment; a mode of adopting application end scheduling input is disclosed, and the mode is used for generating high-priority and high-timeliness communication data by wireless application; the data transmitted by the dynamic segment time slot facing the random access communication of the user are all generated by the network application terminal.
Referring to fig. 3, the wireless MAC access method defined in the present invention is used as a central channel management access method, and a TDMA mechanism is used to implement contention-free communication access control and scheduling. The wireless hotspot device in the network architecture is a central manager of the wireless aviation internal communication network, and is used as a scheduler and a resource manager of the whole system to allocate time slots to corresponding nodes: and allocating corresponding equipment after the time slot of the static segment is divided.
The allocated dynamic segment time slot is requested to be obtained by sending a resource request frame to the gateway device according to the self requirement of the station, the resource request frame is transmitted by adopting a CSMA mechanism on the signaling time slot, and the resource request frame comprises the detailed description (delay, jitter, updating time and load length) of the requested flow. The division of periodic time slots is adapted to the time-triggered mode and the requirements of a deterministic access channel.
The static segment time slot is used for carrying out TT data flow, and can be distributed and scheduled in an off-line mode to ensure that the static segment time slot is deterministically accessed to a wireless channel; and the static segment time slots are also divided according to the requirements of each wireless communication device through the network card device, the communication distribution is carried out on line, and each wireless communication device carries out time triggering scheduling according to the static time slots distributed on line.
For the application generated periodic flow control type RC service, the system can be added to a scheduler in an off-line mode or a dynamic mode according to the static time slot of the static section time slot planning, and the data stream can be defined as the service stream of the priority in the dynamic time slot communication for transmission (the decision is made by an avionics system designer in two modes), and the TT-based time slot and the RC-based time slot are independent respectively.
Aiming at the situation that excessive constraints are not needed when the BE data flow is transmitted in a competitive mode at best, the data packet only needs to BE placed in a queue inside a node when a user program runs in a dynamic mode, a communication transmission mode is not needed to BE defined in advance, the data packet is transmitted on a dynamic time slot, the self sending authority is decided according to the self priority, and meanwhile, the competition conflict is allowed.
The time-sharing mode of the high-certainty wireless MAC transmission mode of the invention allocates TT and RC in advance to the static segment time slot of the data stream based on the periodic real-time scheduling, takes the rest time as the dynamic time slot, does not divide the time slot with equal length, but directly allocates BE stream to carry out competitive transmission according to the data priority, and establishes a continuous scheduling stage based on the competition on the dynamic time slot segment.
The time proportion of the static segment time slot and the dynamic segment time slot is determined by counting and analyzing the transmission requirements of users, and the high-certainty data transmission bandwidth is met firstly. During the continuous contention phase of the BE flows, the access technique employs a carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) mechanism.
In the embodiment, the basis of the TDMA access mechanism adopted by the wireless aviation internal communication network is to construct a uniform time base of a network system, so that each wireless communication device in the wireless aviation internal communication network can identify the boundary of the divided time slots to perform high-real-time security level mutual cooperation contention-free access required by system tasks. The clock source of the wireless aviation internal communication network can acquire the clock source in a wireless cross-domain cooperative synchronization mode; obtaining external accurate time as a clock source through a GPS or a Beidou; or simultaneously defining itself as a clock source by adopting a user offline election designated mode:
1. the first synchronization mode: designing a distributed time trigger synchronization mechanism defined in SAE AS6802 protocol standard by reference, wherein an access wired communication module in gateway equipment acquires a synchronous clock of a wired communication network, the synchronous clock is set AS a homologous clock source of the wireless aviation internal communication network, and the synchronization of the wireless aviation internal communication network is realized through a designed internal synchronous time service mechanism of the wireless aviation internal communication network, so that the homologous design of the wired/wireless synchronous clock is realized, and the combined time trigger forwarding interaction of wireless communication can be realized;
2. the second synchronization mode is as follows: the system designs a second pulse and a time stamp channel for time service of an external clock source, and the wireless hotspot equipment acquires external accurate time by capturing a second pulse signal and time stamp information of the time stamp channel, is used for providing a clock source for wireless communication, and realizes synchronization of a wireless aviation internal communication network through a designed synchronous time service mechanism of the wireless aviation internal communication network;
3. the third synchronization mode: the design adopts a user off-line election designated mode, defines a clock of the wireless hotspot equipment of the gateway equipment as a synchronous clock source of the wireless aviation internal communication network, and realizes the synchronization of the wireless aviation internal communication network through a designed synchronous time service mechanism of the wireless aviation internal communication network.
The synchronous source design of the wireless aviation internal communication network supports the backup fault-tolerant design capability of three heterogeneous modes. The system is designed with wireless collocation state identification, identification when wireless cooperative synchronization exists and independent synchronization enabling identification to realize mechanism switching between backups. When a wireless combination mechanism exists, wireless collocation state identification is enabled, the identification is invalid when wireless cooperative synchronization exists, and the transmission failure of a wired clock to a wireless clock is judged; starting a second mode, capturing the second pulse signal and the timestamp information of the timestamp channel, and acquiring a system clock source; when the system cannot monitor the second pulse given by an external clock source in a certain period (the second pulse loss period is defined according to the degree of system working tolerance), switching to a third mode; firstly, judging whether the clock source is elected by the system as a clock source, if so, performing time-system maintenance by using a local clock as the clock source of the system; when the device determines the role of a synchronous clock source of a wireless communication system, the device performs periodic broadcast synchronization in the system according to a fixed TDMA period, the system clock source device generates a synchronous broadcast frame and broadcasts the synchronous frame, an enabling pulse of the broadcast synchronous frame is generated by the starting time point of a synchronous broadcast time slot appointed by the wireless communication system, and the pulse enables the sending and scheduling of the broadcast synchronous frame and is transmitted to a slave clock device in a broadcast mode for receiving and time service.
Claims (8)
1. A high-certainty MAC transmission method facing avionics system wireless communication is applied to a gateway device, wherein the gateway device is used for accessing a wired communication network in an avionics system and is used as a hotspot device in a wireless avionics internal communication network, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the TDMA cycle of the whole wireless aeronautical internal communication network is divided into four time slots: the method comprises the steps of synchronously broadcasting time slots, signaling time slots, static segment time slots and dynamic segment time slots; wherein:
the synchronous broadcast time slot is positioned at the beginning part of the whole TDMA cycle and is used for broadcasting a synchronous frame when the gateway equipment is used as a clock source of the wireless aviation internal communication network;
the signaling time slot is used for route construction and resource release;
the static segment time slot is used for transmitting data with high determined high timeliness, the static segment time slot is divided into a plurality of time slots with equal length, a static time slot number and a corresponding wireless communication equipment ID are configured in a single time slot, and when the cycle number and the static time slot number of a certain static time slot are respectively mapped and corresponding to the wireless communication equipment ID of a certain data frame in a mode of one-to-one mapping in a system-wide unique relation according to a preset rule, the data frame can be transmitted in the current static time slot;
arranging ID numbers of dynamic time slots in a communication dynamic segment time slot, arranging the ID numbers of the dynamic time slots in sequence from small to large according to the sequence of the ID numbers of the dynamic time slots, and setting data with high priority to be sent in small segments of the ID numbers of the dynamic time slots.
2. The method for high-certainty MAC transmission for avionics system-oriented wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that the access to the communication on the static segment time slots is carried out by: communication frame data of a wired time-triggered switching network accessed to a time-triggered Ethernet, wherein the communication frame data completes high-speed real-time forwarding across network segments through hardware hard time constraint in gateway equipment; a mode of adopting application end scheduling input, the communication data with high priority and high timeliness transmitted by the mode is generated by a wireless application; and the data transmitted on the dynamic segment time slot are generated by a network application terminal.
3. The MAC transmission method oriented to avionics system wireless communication with high certainty as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the allocation of the dynamic segment time slot is requested by the station to the gateway device by sending a resource request frame according to its own needs, the resource request frame is transmitted by adopting CSMA mechanism on the signaling time slot, and contains the specification of the requested flow;
and allocating and scheduling the static segment time slot in an off-line mode, or dividing the static segment time slot according to the requirements of each wireless communication device through a network card device, carrying out communication distribution on line, and carrying out time triggering and scheduling according to the static time slot distributed on line by each wireless communication device.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the RC data stream is transmitted according to the static time slot planned by the static segment time slot, in an off-line manner or dynamically added to the scheduler, or defined as the traffic stream of the priority in the dynamic segment time slot;
for the transmission of the competitive best effort BE data stream on the dynamic time slot, the self sending authority is decided according to the self priority, and the competitive conflict is allowed;
the data stream is transmitted on static segment slots for time triggered TT.
5. The high-certainty MAC transmission method oriented to avionics system wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that the time proportion of the static segment time slots and the dynamic segment time slots is determined by counting and analyzing the user transmission requirements, first of all the high-certainty data transmission bandwidth is satisfied.
6. The high-certainty MAC transmission method oriented to avionics system wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that a clock source of the wireless avionics internal communication network is obtained in a wireless cross-domain coordinated synchronization manner, specifically, after a gateway device obtains a synchronous clock of a wired communication network, the synchronous clock is set as a homologous clock source of the wireless avionics internal communication network, and synchronization of the wireless avionics internal communication network is realized through a wireless avionics internal communication network synchronous time service mechanism.
7. The high-certainty MAC transmission method oriented to avionics system wireless communication according to claim 6, characterized in that when a clock source cannot be acquired in a wireless cross-domain coordinated synchronization manner, external precise time is acquired as the clock source through GPS or Beidou, specifically, a second pulse and a time stamp channel for time service of the external clock source are predefined in the avionics system, the gateway device acquires the external precise time as the clock source by capturing the second pulse signal and the time stamp information of the time stamp channel, and synchronization of the wireless avionics internal communication network is realized through a synchronous time service mechanism of the wireless avionics internal communication network.
8. The high-certainty MAC transmission method oriented to avionics system wireless communication according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that when external precise time cannot be obtained as a clock source through a wireless cross-domain collaborative synchronization mode and GPS or Beidou, the MAC transmission method defines itself as the clock source by a user offline election designation mode, and realizes synchronization of the wireless avionics internal communication network through a synchronization time service mechanism of the wireless avionics internal communication network.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114244680A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-25 | 网络通信与安全紫金山实验室 | End-to-end deterministic transmission control method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN114697159A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-01 | 中国航空无线电电子研究所 | Deterministic ping-pong transmission method under online centralized resource planning control mode |
| CN114944866A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Airborne integrated multimode communication system and design method |
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| CN114697159A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-01 | 中国航空无线电电子研究所 | Deterministic ping-pong transmission method under online centralized resource planning control mode |
| CN114697159B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2024-02-02 | 中国航空无线电电子研究所 | Deterministic ping-pong transmission method in online centralized resource planning control mode |
| CN114944866A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Airborne integrated multimode communication system and design method |
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