CN113437502A - Dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna - Google Patents
Dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113437502A CN113437502A CN202110695331.1A CN202110695331A CN113437502A CN 113437502 A CN113437502 A CN 113437502A CN 202110695331 A CN202110695331 A CN 202110695331A CN 113437502 A CN113437502 A CN 113437502A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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Abstract
The invention provides a dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The related dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna comprises a receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna and a rectifying circuit. The receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna adopts two square annular gaps to excite different modes and an angular microstrip feed technology to realize the design of the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna. The receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna is directly connected with the rectifying circuit, and the two Schottky diodes are respectively arranged on the main branch and the auxiliary branch to form the dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna so as to receive uncertain space waves. The designed double-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna adopts the inductor to improve the conversion efficiency, has the advantages of low cost, compact structure, high efficiency and easy system integration, and provides a high-efficiency energy conversion system for energy collection and wireless energy charging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna, and belongs to the technical field of communication.
Background
With the rapid development of communication systems and the wide application of electromagnetic wave and microwave technologies, emerging internet of things has been widely applied to a plurality of fields such as medical and health services, environmental monitoring, manufacturing industry and the like. The internet of things can establish a huge information network based on various sensing devices such as radio frequency identification devices, wireless sensors, global positioning systems and other electronic devices. With the popularization of the internet of things, low-power consumption sensing equipment is almost everywhere visible, which requires a large maintenance cost because a battery needs to be charged or replaced. Furthermore, these electronic devices should in most cases be portable and self-sustaining. Therefore, wireless charging is urgently required. Currently, a lot of research has been conducted on wireless power transmission for charging. In addition, the radiation of electromagnetic waves generates huge energy loss in space, so how to effectively utilize the garbage of the electromagnetic waves in the space and effectively improve the utilization rate of the electromagnetic waves is an important solution for wireless charging at present. Microwave Power Transmission (MPT) collects the space energy radiated by an electromagnetic environment in a far field, remotely charges Internet of things equipment or a mobile terminal, and is one of solutions for long endurance of wireless equipment. Rectennas are key elements for the collection of ambient radio frequency energy, with the emphasis on extracting and converting radio frequency signals generated by electromagnetic wave radiating devices, radio towers and broadcast stations. Electronic devices are wirelessly powered by utilizing available radio frequency equipment from various sources. In recent years, researchers have designed various types of rectennas, and with the emergence of more and more communication frequency bands, multiband and broadband rectennas have been widely developed and researched. In addition, in order to provide energy to small airplanes and drones, the conventional rectennas cannot effectively meet the requirements of moving targets, and polarization rotation and variation of spatial electromagnetic waves can affect the performance of reception. The multi-band circularly polarized rectenna can effectively solve the problems of the prior rectenna, unfortunately, the traditional rectenna can only realize the high-frequency-direct-current conversion efficiency within a narrow input power range due to the limitation of a diode and a circuit topological structure. Furthermore, the antenna and rectifier are typically connected by SMA connectors, which adds additional size and weight to the system. Because the payload of flight equipment such as unmanned aerial vehicle is limited, the appearance of rectenna need to shrink. The design of the dual-frequency circularly polarized rectenna is a good measure for solving the problem, and a rectifying circuit can be arranged on the back surface of the antenna substrate, so that the structure is more compact.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dual-frequency circularly polarized rectenna to achieve the purpose of collecting radio frequency energy in the environment. The dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna provided by the invention can cover two 5G communication wave bands, can collect incident waves of various polarizations, reduces the outward radiation of 5G energy, effectively utilizes the 5G energy, can realize the rectification of the two frequency bands by the rectification circuit, has only one load (109), can effectively reduce the loss caused by circuit elements, realizes compact and efficient energy conversion and energy collection, and expands the application of 5G.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna comprises a receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna and a rectifying circuit; the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 102, a concentric square annular slot radiation unit 101 and a microstrip feed 103, wherein the concentric square annular slot radiation unit 101 and the microstrip feed 103 are respectively arranged on two sides of the dielectric substrate 102; the rectifying circuit is arranged on the dielectric substrate 102 and on the same side as the microstrip feed 103, and comprises a dual-frequency impedance matching network 104, a diode D1105, a diode D2106, an inductor 107, a sector branch 108, a load 109 and a microstrip transmission line 110, wherein the microstrip feed 103 at the output end of the receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna is connected with the dual-frequency impedance matching network 104 at the input end of the rectifying circuit, and all parts of the rectifying circuit are connected through the microstrip transmission line 110.
The invention also includes such structural features:
1. the concentric square annular gap radiation unit is two concentric square annular gaps, a square bulge is arranged on one edge of the square annular gap positioned outside, and a square groove is arranged on the other edge of the square annular gap positioned inside.
2. When the input power is low, namely the voltage is lower than the threshold voltage of the diode D2106 and is higher than the threshold voltage of the diode D1105, the diode D2106 can not be conducted, and the diode D1105 starts to work; due to the effect of the inductor 107, no radio frequency power can be directly transmitted to the load, the radio frequency power mainly flows through the diode D1105 for rectification, and the rectified direct current can be transmitted to the load; the middle inductor can be used as a radio frequency choke coil, so that a higher harmonic signal returns to the diode D1105, and the harmonic power is converted into direct current power; when the input power is high, i.e. the voltage is higher than the threshold voltage of the diode D2106, and the diode D1105 breaks down, the two diodes work simultaneously to rectify the rf energy and transmit the rf energy to the load 109.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the dual-band and circular polarization of the rectenna designed by the invention and the integrated design of the structure of the rectenna replace the traditional SMA connector for connecting the receiving antenna and the rectenna, thereby further improving the efficiency of the antenna. The receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna adopts a near-field coupling feed mode, and the rectifying circuit can be directly connected to the feed output port of the receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna, so that the integration of the antenna and the rectifying circuit is realized, and the design purposes of low profile and miniaturization are achieved. Radio frequency energy in a 5G communication environment is influenced by environmental changes, and after the radio frequency energy is transmitted in the environment, the radio frequency energy undergoes reflection, the reflection exists in various polarization modes, and phenomena such as polarization rotation occur. The dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna has a circular polarization characteristic and can collect incident waves with various polarizations. Besides, the radio frequency energy density in the environment is low, and the receiving efficiency can be improved in a designed mode. The rectifier circuit of the invention adopts a novel cooperative circuit topology structure and shows high conversion efficiency in a wide input power range. The two different diodes respectively work in respective power ranges and cooperate to rectify radio frequency power so as to expand the input power range. The requirements of wireless energy transmission and radio frequency energy collection can be met simultaneously.
The receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna adopts a near-field coupling feed mode, two square annular gaps are formed in a metal surface printed on the upper side of the dielectric plate 102, the gap width at the opposite corners of the square annular gaps is changed to form perturbation, so that two adjacent degenerate modes necessary for forming circularly polarized radiation are obtained by separating a main mode, and the design of the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna is realized by adjusting corresponding parameters. The four square perturbation structures are symmetrically placed about the microstrip feed 103, thus forming a dual-frequency circularly polarized radiation. Compared with the common patch antenna, the slot antenna can provide wider impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth and is less sensitive to processing errors, and the annular slot antenna can effectively reduce the size of the antenna, well meets the miniaturization requirement, is easy to integrate into a mobile portable terminal, and is popular in wireless communication systems. The proposed rectifier circuit can be automatically configured to adapt to the level of input radio frequency energy. When the input energy is low, the diode HSMS2850105 is in a conducting state, and the diode HSMS2860106 is in a blocking state; both rectifier diodes work well when the input energy is large. The rectified direct current power can flow through the inductor 107 and is output to the load 109, the higher harmonic waves with the power far lower than the fundamental waves are guided to the diode HSMS2850105 to be rectified again, the rectification efficiency is improved, and the designed dual-frequency circular polarization antenna is integrated with the receiving dual-frequency circular polarization antenna and the rectification circuit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of an antenna designed according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a back structure of the antenna designed according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of the antenna designed according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the rectenna designed according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a rear structure of the rectenna designed by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the invention designs a dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna, which receives two parts of the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna and a rectifying circuit; the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna part comprises a concentric square annular slot radiation unit 101, a dielectric substrate 102 and a microstrip feed 103; the rectifying circuit part comprises a double-frequency impedance matching network 104, an HSMS2850 Schottky diode 105, an HSMS2860 Schottky diode 106, an inductor 107, a fan-shaped branch 108, a load 109 and a microstrip transmission line 110, the output end of the receiving double-frequency circularly polarized antenna is directly connected with the input end of the rectifying circuit, and all parts of the rectifying circuit are connected through the microstrip transmission line 110 to form the double-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna. The antenna is a dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna, the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna is directly connected with the rectifying circuit, works at different frequencies, and adopts different Schottky diodes to form the dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna.
The receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna is designed in a way that two square annular gaps are formed in a metal surface printed on the upper side of the dielectric plate 102, the width of the gaps at the opposite corners of the square annular gaps is changed to form perturbation, and an angular microstrip feed excitation separation resonant mode is adopted to realize the dual-frequency circularly polarized design of the antenna. The square perturbation structure is symmetrically designed about the microstrip feed 103, forming a dual-frequency circular polarization characteristic. When the designed double-frequency circularly polarized antenna works, the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna can cover a 5G working frequency band, the collection of 5G environment energy is met, the loss of the 5G energy is reduced, meanwhile, the space radiation energy of a 5G base station can be effectively utilized to charge the mobile terminal and the Internet of things brought by the 5G industry, the energy is saved, the utilization rate is improved, and the space energy radiation is reduced. The dual-frequency rectifying circuit is directly connected with the receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna, converts radio frequency energy collected by the receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna into direct current energy, and charges the wireless network terminal or the 5G mobile terminal. Since the receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna is dual-frequency, the rectifying circuit also needs to work at dual-frequency. The double-frequency impedance matching network 104 can enable the rectifying circuit to obtain good effects in two frequency bands, Schottky diodes of the two frequency bands are selected differently, and the two frequency bands are adjusted through the inductor 107 and the double-frequency impedance matching network 104 in a combined mode, so that balance of the two frequency bands is achieved. The fan-shaped branch 108 can suppress higher harmonics generated by the diode and smoothly output direct-current voltage waveforms, and can suppress mutual influence between two frequency bands, the inductor 107 is used for isolating radio-frequency energy from direct-current energy to realize high-isolation design, and devices in the rectifying circuit are connected through the microstrip transmission line 110.
The antenna part 101 of the dual-frequency circularly polarized rectenna is printed on the upper side of an FR4 dielectric substrate 102 by copper, and two concentric square annular grooves are dug on the copper printing surface. The two square annular grooves respectively control the generation of two resonant frequencies, the dense current working at the 2.5GHz frequency band of the 5G frequency band is mainly distributed on the outer ring, the dense current working at the 3.5GHz frequency band of the 5G frequency band is mainly distributed on the inner ring, the width and the position of the two square annular grooves and the relation between the two square annular grooves can be adjusted, and the double-frequency design can be realized. And introducing a square perturbation structure at the inclined 45-degree position and 225-degree position of each square annular groove, so that the resonance modes of two frequency bands are degenerately separated, and feeding by using an angular microstrip to form a circular polarization antenna design. In the design of the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna, the square perturbation structure of the inner ring is recessed towards the center of the ring, the square perturbation structure of the outer ring is raised towards the direction far away from the center of the ring, and the two directions are opposite. The structure not only can facilitate the nesting design of the two square annular grooves, but also can reduce the influence between the two square annular grooves as much as possible and improve the isolation of the two frequency bands. Thus, the dimensions of the annular grooves and the square perturbations can be adjusted in the design. The lower side of the dielectric plate 102 is a microstrip feed 103 structure, which feeds the radiation unit 101 printed on the upper side of the dielectric plate 102, a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer is integrated on the feed line, and a 50-ohm microstrip line is arranged at the lower part, which jointly adjusts the impedance matching of the antenna. Two diodes HSMS2850105 and HSMS2860106 in the rectifier circuit portion have different threshold voltages and breakdown voltages, respectively. Therefore, the rectifier diode can operate well in a certain operation region. When the radio frequency voltage is less than the threshold voltage of the diode, the radio frequency energy is substantially consumed by the diode. As the input power level increases, when the input power is higher than the starting power of the diode, the nonlinear junction of the diode becomes a dominant component, so that the radio frequency power can be rectified by the rectifying diode. The two rectifier diodes in the design are respectively used in respective optimal power areas and cooperatively work, and the working range of the rectifier antenna is expanded. When the input power is low, i.e. the voltage across the diode is below the threshold voltage of HSMS2860106 and above the HSMS2850105 threshold voltage, the diode HSMS2860106 cannot conduct, but HSMS2850105 starts to operate. Due to the inductor 107, the rf power cannot be directly delivered to the load 109, and the rf power is mainly rectified by the HSMS 2850105. The rectified dc power may then be delivered to a load 109. In addition, the inductor 107 may be used as a radio frequency choke to return higher harmonic signals to the HSMS2850105 and convert the harmonic power to dc power to improve conversion efficiency. When the input power is high, i.e. the voltage across the diode is above the threshold voltage of HSMS2860106 and below the HSMS2850105 breakdown voltage, the two diodes operate simultaneously to rectify the rf energy to the load 109. The devices in the rectifier circuit are connected by microstrip transmission lines 110.
The antenna portion is printed on the upper side of the dielectric substrate 102 with copper and two concentric square ring shaped slits are cut in the upper side printed surface. The two square ring slots control the generation of two resonance frequencies, respectively, the 2.5GHz resonance in 5G is mainly determined by the outer ring, and the 3.5GHz resonance in 5G is mainly determined by the inner ring. And introducing a square perturbation structure at the diagonal position of each square annular gap, and adjusting corresponding parameters to enable the resonance modes of the two frequency bands to be degenerately separated to form circularly polarized radiation. In the design of the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna, the square perturbation structure of the inner ring is recessed towards the center of the ring, the square perturbation structure of the outer ring is raised towards the direction far away from the center of the ring, and the two directions are opposite. The structure not only can facilitate the nesting design of the two square annular grooves, but also can reduce the influence between the two square annular grooves and improve the isolation of the two frequency bands. The microstrip feed 103 structure is printed on the lower side of the dielectric plate 102. The microstrip feed 103 structure feeds the radiation unit 101 etched on the upper side of the dielectric plate 102, the upper part of the feed line is a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer, and the lower part of the feed line is a 50-omega microstrip line, so that impedance matching can be better realized through the combination of the two.
The rectifying circuit is directly connected to the output end of the microstrip feed 103 structure. The dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna designed by the invention is dual-frequency, so that the rectifying circuit also has to be capable of dual-frequency operation. Since the input impedance of the schottky diode varies with the input power, the dual-frequency matching of the rectifier circuit is important. The dual-frequency impedance matching network 104 can make the rectifying circuit obtain good rectifying effect in two frequency bands. The cooperation rectification can be realized by adopting two Schottky diodes with different parameters HSMS2850105 and HSMS 2860106. The inductor 107 may isolate the rf energy from the dc energy. The fan-shaped stub 108 can suppress higher harmonics generated by the diode and smooth the output dc voltage waveform. The rectified dc energy is transmitted to the load 109. The devices of the rectifying circuit are connected through a microstrip transmission line 110.
In summary, the invention discloses a dual-frequency circularly polarized rectenna, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The related dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna comprises a receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna and a rectifying circuit. The receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna adopts two square annular gaps to excite different modes and an angular microstrip feed technology to realize the design of the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna. The receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna is directly connected with the rectifying circuit to form the dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna so as to receive uncertain space waves. The designed double-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna adopts the inductor 107 to improve the conversion efficiency, has the advantages of low cost, compact structure, high efficiency and easy system integration, and provides a high-efficiency energy conversion system for energy collection and wireless energy charging. The double-frequency circularly polarized antenna is used in a wide input power range, the double-frequency circularly polarized antenna and the rectifying circuit are integrally designed, the inductor 107 is adopted, the rectifying circuit can be obviously simplified into a single rectifying circuit branch, and the complexity is greatly reduced. Furthermore, the proposed dual-band circularly polarized rectenna is small in size, while the overall power conversion efficiency can be further improved by means of harmonic recycling. In addition, the invention can further adopt an ultra-low loss diode (such as a spin diode) to construct a wide power range rectification structure so as to meet the requirement of environment wireless energy acquisition application with lower input power (< -30 dBm).
Claims (3)
1. A dual-band circularly polarized rectenna, comprising: the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna comprises a receiving dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna and a rectifying circuit; the dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (102), and a concentric square annular slot radiation unit (101) and a microstrip feed (103) which are respectively arranged on two sides of the dielectric substrate (102); the rectifying circuit is arranged on the dielectric substrate (102) and on the same side as the microstrip feed (103), and comprises a double-frequency impedance matching network (104), a diode D1(105), a diode D2(106), an inductor (107), a fan-shaped branch (108), a load (109) and a microstrip transmission line (110), wherein the microstrip feed (103) at the output end of the receiving double-frequency circularly polarized antenna is connected with the double-frequency impedance matching network (104) at the input end of the rectifying circuit, and all parts of the rectifying circuit are connected through the microstrip transmission line (110).
2. A dual-band circularly polarized rectenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concentric square annular gap radiation unit is two concentric square annular gaps, a pair of edges of the square annular gap positioned outside is provided with a bulge, and the other pair of edges of the square annular gap positioned inside is provided with a groove.
3. A dual-band circularly polarized rectenna as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: when the input power is low, namely the voltage is lower than the threshold voltage of the diode D2(106) and is higher than the threshold voltage of the diode D1(105), the diode D2(106) cannot conduct, and the diode D1(105) starts to work; due to the effect of the inductor (107), no radio frequency power can be directly transmitted to the load, the radio frequency power is mainly rectified through the diode D1(105), and the rectified direct current can be transmitted to the load; the intermediate inductor may act as a radio frequency choke, returning higher harmonic signals to diode D1(105), and converting harmonic power to dc power; when the input power is high, i.e. the voltage is higher than the threshold voltage of the diode D2(106), and the diode D1(105) breaks down, the two diodes work simultaneously to rectify the rf energy and transmit the rf energy to the load (109).
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| CN202110695331.1A CN113437502A (en) | 2021-06-23 | 2021-06-23 | Dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna |
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| CN202110695331.1A CN113437502A (en) | 2021-06-23 | 2021-06-23 | Dual-frequency circularly polarized rectifying antenna |
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