CN113437352A - Battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113437352A CN113437352A CN202110704327.7A CN202110704327A CN113437352A CN 113437352 A CN113437352 A CN 113437352A CN 202110704327 A CN202110704327 A CN 202110704327A CN 113437352 A CN113437352 A CN 113437352A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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Abstract
The invention provides a battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the battery comprises a shell, a battery core and electrolyte, wherein the shell accommodates the battery core and the electrolyte; the battery core comprises a positive plate, and a pore is formed on the positive plate; the electrolyte comprises a solid flame-retardant electrolyte, and at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is positioned in the pores of the positive plate; wherein the solid flame retardant electrolyte comprises X groups, X being as follows:
the solid state flame retardantThe electrolyte has certain flexibility, the tensile resistance of the positive plate is enhanced, the heavy object impact resistance of the positive plate is improved, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Since the commercialization of lithium ion batteries, they have been widely used due to their characteristics of high energy density, high power density, good cycle performance, no memory effect, environmental friendliness, etc.
Currently, the positive electrode of a lithium ion battery generally includes an aluminum foil and an active material layer, and the negative electrode generally includes a copper foil and graphite. However, the lithium ion battery is prone to cause an internal short circuit phenomenon due to contact between the positive aluminum foil and the negative graphite due to reasons such as heavy impact, and serious safety accidents are caused.
Therefore, in the prior art, the impact performance of the weight of the lithium ion battery is poor, so that the safety of the lithium ion battery is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a battery and a preparation method of the battery, and solves the problem of low safety of the battery in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery, including a casing, a battery cell, and an electrolyte, where the casing accommodates the battery cell and the electrolyte; the battery core comprises a positive plate, and a pore is formed on the positive plate; the electrolyte comprises a solid flame-retardant electrolyte, and at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is positioned in the pores of the positive plate;
wherein the solid flame retardant electrolyte comprises X groups, X being as follows:
alternatively, in the case where a flowable flame-retardant electrolyte is included in the electrolyte solution before formation, the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte may be cured in situ to obtain the solid flame-retardant electrolyte during formation.
Optionally, the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is obtained by initiating multi-polymerization by using a monomer containing unsaturated double-bond hydrocarbon.
Optionally, the unsaturated double bond-containing hydrocarbon monomer includes at least one of a double bond-containing phosphate ester and a cyclic ether-containing phosphate ester.
Optionally, the reaction formula of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is:
R1+R2+R3→R4；
wherein, R4 is the solid flame-retardant electrolyte, R1 is a C ═ C containing unsaturated lipid, R2 is a C ═ C and C ═ O containing lipid, and R3 is a phosphate ester.
Alternatively, R1 includes methacrylate, R2 includes trifluoromethyl acrylate, and R3 includes MATEPP.
Optionally, the lithium ion battery further comprises a negative plate, the negative plate is formed with a pore, and a gap is formed between the positive plate and the negative plate;
wherein at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is located in the pores of the negative electrode sheet and/or at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is located in the gaps.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a battery, where the method includes:
forming a positive plate, wherein a pore is formed on the positive plate;
forming a cell comprising the positive plate;
forming a shell, and arranging the battery cell in the shell;
injecting electrolyte into the shell to obtain a battery;
wherein the electrolyte of the battery contains a solid flame-retardant electrolyte, and at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is positioned in the pores of the positive plate; the solid flame retardant electrolyte comprises X groups, X being as follows:
optionally, after injecting the electrolyte into the case to obtain the battery, the method further includes:
forming the battery;
wherein, under the condition that the electrolyte contains the flowing flame-retardant electrolyte before formation, the flowing flame-retardant electrolyte can be cured in situ during formation to obtain the solid flame-retardant electrolyte.
Optionally, the content of the fluid flame retardant electrolyte in the electrolyte solution before formation is less than 10%.
One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the invention, the solid flame-retardant electrolyte has certain flexibility, and the tensile rate of the positive plate can be improved. When the battery is impacted by a weight, the tensile resistance of the positive plate is enhanced, the probability of exposing the aluminum foil due to the impact of the weight is reduced, the risk of internal short circuit due to the contact of the positive aluminum foil and the negative graphite is further reduced, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a positive electrode sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a chemical reaction formula of a solid flame-retardant electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of experimental results of each example and comparative example provided in the examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery, which comprises a shell, a battery core and electrolyte, wherein the battery core and the electrolyte are accommodated in the shell; the battery core comprises a positive plate, and a pore is formed on the positive plate; the electrolyte comprises a solid flame-retardant electrolyte, and at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is positioned in the pores of the positive plate;
wherein the solid flame retardant electrolyte comprises X groups, X being as follows:
in the battery according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the positive electrode sheet 100 is formed with the pores 110. The solid flame-retardant electrolyte exists in the pores, has certain flexibility, and can improve the tensile rate of the positive plate. When the battery is impacted by a weight, the tensile resistance of the positive plate is enhanced, the probability of exposing the aluminum foil due to the impact of the weight is reduced, the risk of internal short circuit due to the contact of the positive aluminum foil and the negative graphite is further reduced, and the safety performance of the battery is improved. In addition, the X group has a strong polar bond, so that the stability of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte can be ensured, and the overall safety of the battery can be improved.
Alternatively, in the case where a flowable flame-retardant electrolyte is included in the electrolyte solution before formation, the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte may be cured in situ to obtain the solid flame-retardant electrolyte during formation.
In this embodiment, the battery needs to be heated and charged during the formation process, and if the electrolyte solution contains the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte before the formation, the flowable electrolyte may be cured in situ during the formation process to obtain the solid flame-retardant electrolyte. The formation process is a conventional process in the battery preparation process, so that no additional step or process is needed, and the solid flame-retardant electrolyte can be obtained by solidifying the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte, so that the battery preparation process is simplified, the time consumed for preparing the battery is reduced, and the battery preparation efficiency is improved.
Due to the fluidity of the flowable electrolyte, after the electrolyte solution containing the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte is injected into the case, the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte may flow entirely into the pores of the positive electrode sheet or may flow partially into the pores of the positive electrode sheet. Based on this, optionally, if the negative electrode sheet of the battery is formed with a pore, the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are formed with a gap, and part of the fluid flame-retardant electrolyte flows into the gap between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, even part of the fluid flame-retardant electrolyte flows into the pore of the negative electrode sheet, then the solid flame-retardant electrolyte obtained by curing the fluid flame-retardant electrolyte is also partially located in the gap between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and partially located in the pore of the negative electrode sheet.
Optionally, the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is obtained by multi-polymerization of a monomer containing unsaturated double-bond hydrocarbons and an initiator.
In the embodiment, the solid flame-retardant electrolyte can be prepared by adding the initiator into the multi-component polymerization monomer to initiate multi-component polymerization, so that the preparation process of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is simpler.
In an alternative embodiment, the unsaturated double bond-containing hydrocarbon monomer includes at least one of a double bond-containing phosphate ester and a cyclic ether-containing phosphate ester. The double bond-containing phosphate ester may be obtained by radical polymerization, and the cyclic ether-containing phosphate ester may be obtained by cationic ring-opening polymerization, which may be determined according to practical situations, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited herein.
Optionally, the reaction formula of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is:
R1+R2+R3→R4；
wherein, R4 is the solid flame-retardant electrolyte, R1 is a C ═ C containing unsaturated lipid, R2 is a C ═ C and C ═ O containing lipid, and R3 is a phosphate ester. R4 also contains-COOCH 3 and-COOCH 2CF 3.
In an alternative embodiment, R1 includes methacrylate, R2 includes trifluoromethyl acrylate, R3 includes MATEPP, and the initiator is Azobis (2,2' -Azobis (2-methyl propionitril, AIBN).
In the present embodiment, the fluid flame retardant electrolyte can be obtained by initiating the multi-polymerization using methacrylate (MMA), trifluoromethyl acrylate (TFMA), and MATEPP containing C ═ C as the multi-polymerization monomer and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The fluidity electrolyte prepared in this way can be solidified to obtain a phosphate-based flame-retardant polymer electrolyte after heating polymerization, and the specific chemical reaction formula is shown in fig. 2. The phosphate-based flame-retardant polymer electrolyte is a solid electrolyte which is a gel electrolyte, has stronger flexibility, and can further enhance the tensile resistance of the positive plate, thereby further improving the heavy object impact resistance of the battery and further improving the safety performance of the battery.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 3, the method for preparing the battery includes:
301, forming a positive plate, wherein a pore is formed on the positive plate;
wherein the electrolyte of the battery contains a solid flame-retardant electrolyte, and at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is positioned in the pores of the positive plate; the solid flame retardant electrolyte comprises X groups, X being as follows:
in the embodiment of the invention, the solid flame-retardant electrolyte has certain flexibility, so that the tensile rate of the positive plate can be improved. When the battery is impacted by a weight, the tensile resistance of the positive plate is enhanced, the probability of exposing the aluminum foil due to the impact of the weight is reduced, the risk of internal short circuit due to the contact of the positive aluminum foil and the negative graphite is further reduced, and the safety performance of the battery is improved. In addition, the X group has a strong polar bond, so that the stability of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte can be ensured, and the overall safety of the battery can be improved.
In specific implementation, the positive plate can be prepared according to the following steps:
1) and preparing positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry may be formed by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a solvent. The positive active material may include at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, wherein the particle diameter D50 may be 5 μm to 20 μm, and the conductive agent may include at least one of conductive graphite, ultrafine graphite, acetylene black, conductive carbon black SP, superconducting carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and conductive carbon fibers. The binder may include at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, styrene butadiene rubber, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride-fluorinated olefins. The solvent may include at least one of toluene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidone NMP, and water.
2) And coating the positive slurry on a positive current collector by using a double-layer coating machine, drying at the temperature of 120 ℃, and performing processes such as slitting and tabletting to obtain the positive plate.
The negative electrode sheet may be prepared as follows:
1) and preparing cathode slurry. The negative electrode slurry may be formed by mixing a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, a thickener, and a solvent. The negative electrode active material may include at least one of natural graphite, artificial graphite, silicon carbon, and lithium titanate, the thickener may include a resin binder including at least one of phenolic resin, polyacrylic resin, polyurethane resin, and epoxy resin, and the conductive agent, the binder, and the solvent may refer to the above description, and are not described herein again.
2) And coating the negative electrode slurry on a negative electrode current collector by using a double-layer coating machine. And then drying at 120 ℃, and performing processes such as slitting and sheet making to obtain the positive plate.
And then, preparing the prepared positive plate and negative plate, a diaphragm and an aluminum-plastic film (shell) into a battery, and then performing the procedures of liquid injection, aging, formation, pre-circulation and the like to prepare the battery.
Optionally, after injecting the electrolyte into the case to obtain the battery, the method further includes:
forming the battery;
wherein, under the condition that the electrolyte contains the flowing flame-retardant electrolyte before formation, the flowing flame-retardant electrolyte can be cured in situ during formation to obtain the solid flame-retardant electrolyte.
In this embodiment, the battery needs to be heated and charged during the formation process, and if the electrolyte solution contains the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte before the formation, the flowable electrolyte may be cured in situ during the formation process to obtain the solid flame-retardant electrolyte. The formation process is a conventional process in the battery preparation process, so that no additional step or process is needed, and the solid flame-retardant electrolyte can be obtained by solidifying the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte, so that the battery preparation process is simplified, the time consumed for preparing the battery is reduced, and the battery preparation efficiency is improved. In addition, the electrolyte added with the flowing flame-retardant electrolyte still has strong ionic conductivity, so that the electrical property of the battery is basically not influenced.
In specific implementation, by adding the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte to the electrolyte at the time of injecting the liquid into the case, optionally, the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte with the content of less than 10% may be added. At least a portion of the flowable flame retardant electrolyte may be filled into pores of the positive electrode sheet based on the flowability of the flowable flame retardant electrolyte.
In addition, due to the fluidity of the flowable electrolyte, after the electrolyte containing the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte is injected into the case, the flowable flame-retardant electrolyte may completely flow into the pores of the positive electrode sheet, may partially flow into the gap between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and may even partially flow into the pores of the negative electrode sheet.
Several specific examples and comparative examples of the present invention are described below.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the battery preparation process is specifically as follows:
step one, preparing a positive plate
Lithium cobaltate is used as a positive electrode active material, a conductive carbon nanotube is used as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride is used as a binder, the mixture is added into a stirring tank, N-methyl pyrrolidone is added, and the mixture is stirred and dispersed to prepare positive electrode slurry, wherein solid components in the positive electrode slurry comprise 97.8 wt% of lithium cobaltate (LiCoO2), 1.1 wt% of conductive carbon black and 1.1 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride (poly (1,1-difluoroethylene), PVDF). And coating the positive slurry on the surface of a positive current collector by adopting a double-sided coating technology, and then carrying out the processes of drying, slitting, flaking and the like to prepare the positive plate. The preparation environment temperature of the anode electrode material is kept at 20-30 ℃, and the humidity is less than or equal to 40% RH. The equipment used for preparing the anode electrode material comprises: the device comprises a stirrer, a coating machine, a roller press, a splitting machine, a pelleter, an ultrasonic spot welding machine, a top side sealing machine, an ink-jet printer, a film sticking machine, a liquid injection machine, a formation cabinet, a cold press, a separation cabinet, a vacuum oven and the like.
Step two, preparing the negative plate
Adding artificial graphite serving as a negative active material, conductive carbon black serving as a conductive agent, styrene butadiene rubber serving as an adhesive and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose serving as a thickening agent into a stirring tank, and then adding deionized water, stirring and dispersing to prepare negative slurry. The solid components in the negative electrode slurry comprise 96.9% of artificial graphite, 0.5% of conductive carbon black, 1.3% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) and 1.3% of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR). And coating the negative electrode slurry on the surface of a negative current collector by adopting a double-sided coating technology, and then drying, slitting, sheet making and other processes to prepare the negative plate. The preparation environment temperature of the negative electrode material is kept at 20-30 ℃, and the humidity is less than or equal to 40% RH. The equipment used for preparing the negative electrode material comprises: the device comprises a stirrer, a coating machine, a roller press, a splitting machine, a pelleter, an ultrasonic spot welding machine, a top side sealing machine, an ink-jet printer, a film sticking machine, a liquid injection machine, a formation cabinet, a cold press, a separation cabinet, a vacuum oven and the like.
Step three, preparing the fluid flame-retardant electrolyte
Methacrylic acid ester (MMA) containing C ═ C, trifluoromethyl acrylate (TFMA) and MATEPP are used as multi-component polymerization monomers, and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is used as an initiator to perform multi-component polymerization reaction to obtain the flowing flame-retardant electrolyte.
Step four, preparing the battery and injecting liquid
And (3) preparing the positive plate prepared in the step one and the negative plate prepared in the step two, a diaphragm and an aluminum-plastic film (shell) into a battery, and then performing a liquid injection process, namely injecting electrolyte containing 5% of flowing flame-retardant electrolyte into the shell.
Step five, formation and in-situ curing
And (3) carrying out a formation process on the battery after the liquid injection process in the step four, wherein in the formation process, the flowing flame-retardant electrolyte is heated and polymerized to obtain a solid phosphate-based flame-retardant polymer electrolyte.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that an electrolyte solution containing 2.5% of a flowable flame-retardant electrolyte is injected into the case during the injection step. Other steps and descriptions can refer to the description of embodiment 1, and are not repeated herein.
Example 3
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that an electrolyte solution containing 7.5% of a flowable flame-retardant electrolyte was injected into the case during the injection step. Other steps and descriptions can refer to the description of embodiment 1, and are not repeated herein.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that a conventional electrolyte, i.e., an electrolyte containing 0% of a flowable flame-retardant electrolyte, is injected into the case during the injection process. Other steps and descriptions can refer to the description of embodiment 1, and are not repeated herein.
The batteries of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were respectively subjected to tests for electrochemical properties and safety properties (mainly heavy impact). The specific test contents are as follows:
1) and (3) testing the impact of the weight: the batteries of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were subjected to a needle punching test, the procedure of which was as follows: after the battery is fully charged according to a standard charging system, a metal rod with the diameter of 15.8mm +/-0.2 mm is transversely arranged on the upper surface of the geometric center of the battery, a weight with the mass of 9.1kg is adopted to impact the surface of the battery with the metal rod from a high position of 610mm in a free falling state, and the battery is not ignited and not exploded.
2) And (3) cycle testing: and (3) placing the battery in a constant temperature room at 25 ℃, discharging to the lower limit voltage at 0.7 ℃, charging to the upper limit voltage at 1.5 ℃, discharging to the lower limit voltage at 1 ℃, and repeating the steps for 800 weeks to calculate the capacity retention ratio of the battery.
3) Testing the elongation of the pole piece: and clamping two ends of the rolled pole piece by using a testing instrument, recording the initial distance of the two ends as L1, applying force by the instrument to begin to stretch the pole piece, recording the distance of the two ends as L2 when the pole piece is broken, and calculating the elongation rate as (L2-L1)/L1 x 100%.
Finally, the results of the safety tests are summarized in table 1 and fig. 4. As can be seen from the results in table 1, the weight impact test of comparative example 1 has a low pass rate, i.e., low safety, and cannot meet the safety performance requirements of the lithium ion battery. And the passing rates of the weight impact experiments of the embodiments 1 to 3 are higher than that of the comparative example 1, so that the safety of the lithium ion battery is effectively improved. In addition, the cycle retention rate and the needle penetration rate of example 1 are more excellent, and example 1 may be selected preferentially in practical applications.
TABLE 1 safety test results of various examples and comparative examples
It should be noted that, various optional implementations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in combination with each other or implemented separately, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation and a specific orientation configuration and operation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate member, or they may be connected through two or more elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The embodiments described above are described with reference to the drawings, and various other forms and embodiments are possible without departing from the principle of the present invention, and therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of components may be exaggerated for clarity. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. The terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, and/or groups thereof. Unless otherwise indicated, a range of values, when stated, includes the upper and lower limits of the range and any subranges therebetween.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The battery is characterized by comprising a shell, a battery core and electrolyte, wherein the shell accommodates the battery core and the electrolyte; the battery core comprises a positive plate, and a pore is formed on the positive plate; the electrolyte comprises a solid flame-retardant electrolyte, and at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is positioned in the pores of the positive plate;
wherein the solid flame retardant electrolyte comprises X groups, X being as follows:
2. the battery of claim 1, wherein the flowable flame retardant electrolyte is curable in situ to provide the solid flame retardant electrolyte upon formation in the presence of the flowable flame retardant electrolyte contained in the electrolyte prior to formation.
3. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is obtained by initiating multi-polymerization of a monomer containing unsaturated double-bond hydrocarbon.
4. The battery according to claim 3, wherein the unsaturated double bond-containing hydrocarbon monomer includes at least one of a double bond-containing phosphate ester and a cyclic ether-containing phosphate ester.
5. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solid flame retardant electrolyte has the general reaction formula:
R1+R2+R3→R4；
wherein, R4 is the solid flame-retardant electrolyte, R1 is a C ═ C containing unsaturated lipid, R2 is a C ═ C and C ═ O containing lipid, and R3 is a phosphate ester.
6. The battery of claim 5, wherein R1 comprises methacrylate, R2 comprises trifluoromethacrylate, and R3 comprises MATEPP.
7. The battery according to claim 1, further comprising a negative electrode sheet, wherein the negative electrode sheet is formed with pores, and a gap is formed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet;
wherein at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is located in the pores of the negative electrode sheet and/or at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is located in the gaps.
8. A method of making a battery, the method comprising:
forming a positive plate, wherein a pore is formed on the positive plate;
forming a cell comprising the positive plate;
forming a shell, and arranging the battery cell in the shell;
injecting electrolyte into the shell to obtain a battery;
wherein the electrolyte of the battery contains a solid flame-retardant electrolyte, and at least part of the solid flame-retardant electrolyte is positioned in the pores of the positive plate; the solid flame retardant electrolyte comprises X groups, X being as follows:
9. the method of claim 8, wherein after injecting the electrolyte into the case to obtain the battery, the method further comprises:
forming the battery;
wherein, under the condition that the electrolyte contains the flowing flame-retardant electrolyte before formation, the flowing flame-retardant electrolyte can be cured in situ during formation to obtain the solid flame-retardant electrolyte.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the electrolyte prior to formation has a content of flowing flame retardant electrolyte of less than 10%.
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