CN113433712A - Super-resolution imaging method based on incoherent light field intensity high-order iterative autocorrelation - Google Patents
Super-resolution imaging method based on incoherent light field intensity high-order iterative autocorrelation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A super-resolution imaging method based on incoherent light field intensity high-order iterative autocorrelation comprises an incoherent light source, an imaging lens, an area array detector and a high-order iterative operation system. The light emitted by the incoherent light source is irradiated on an object, and the light beam transmitted or reflected and scattered by the object passes through a lens with the focal length f and is detected by a CCD (charge coupled device), EMCCD (electron-coupled device), ICCD (integrated circuit device) or CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) surface array detector with spatial resolution. The area array detector controls the data acquisition time sequence through external triggering, acquires instant area array intensity signals at each moment to obtain the spatial distribution of the light field intensity, and performs repeated iterative computation through a high-order iterative operation system according to a set order. When the proper autocorrelation order and iteration times are selected, the influence of background noise can be eliminated to a great extent, the super-resolution autocorrelation imaging is realized, and the imaging quality is better than that of the traditional method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of super-resolution imaging of incoherent light, in particular to a super-resolution imaging method based on high-order iterative autocorrelation of incoherent light field intensity.
Background
How to improve the resolution of an imaging system and realize super-resolution imaging is always an important research direction in the field of imaging science and the high and new technology field of modern optics and is also a long-term pursuit target in the optical field. In recent years, the development of a correlation imaging technique (also referred to as "ghost" imaging) has been rapidly advanced, which is a new imaging mode different from the classical imaging. The related imaging technology can realize lens imaging like a traditional lens imaging system and can also realize non-lens imaging. Compared with the traditional classical imaging based on the measurement of the intensity distribution of an optical field, the correlation imaging based on the correlation measurement of the intensity of an optical field is peculiar in the "delocalization" of the imaging, i.e. if an object is placed on one optical path, the image of the object can be made to appear on another optical path by coincidence measurement. In classical imaging, however, the object and its image only appear on the same optical path. If a severe environment is met, the light field of classical imaging is disturbed, and the detector cannot acquire the image of the object. However, for "ghost" imaging, the detector directed at the object's light field does not perform spatial resolution, so that an image of the object can be obtained through coincidence operations even if a perturbed condition is encountered. Therefore, the ghost imaging technology has strong anti-jamming capability, and the advantages of the ghost imaging technology have great potential application value in a plurality of imaging technical fields such as national defense, military, remote sensing, communication, biomedicine and the like.
Although the correlation imaging technique has many advantages different from the traditional classical imaging or photographic technique, the correlation imaging technique still suffers from the diffraction limit of the imaging system, and the imaging resolution and the contrast of the correlation imaging technique are in a mutually restricted relationship, and generally, the imaging with high resolution results in low contrast, which is a disadvantage of the correlation imaging technique.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to apply a non-coherent light field intensity high-order autocorrelation method and iterative computation to the field of super-resolution imaging and break through Rayleigh diffraction limit, thereby providing a super-resolution imaging system and an imaging method based on the non-coherent light field intensity high-order iterative autocorrelation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a super-resolution imaging method based on incoherent light field intensity high-order iterative autocorrelation comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps that light beams emitted by an incoherent light source irradiate a target object, and light scattered by transmission or reflection of the object passes through a lens with a focal length f and then is collected by an area array detector with a spatial resolution capability; the distance s from an object to the lens with the focal length f, the distance s from the lens with the focal length f to the photosensitive surface of the area array detector and the focal length f of the lens satisfy the imaging relation of a Gaussian thin lens:
2) area array signal I collected by area array detector at spatial position x of photosensitive surfacei(x) Entering a high-order iterative operation system, and firstly selecting a high-order autocorrelation order n, an iteration number m and an iteration autocorrelation order k according to experiencemAccording to the principle and method of thermo-optic correlation imaging, firstly, obtaining the self-correlation result of the light field intensity n order as follows:
carrying out n-order self-association 1-time iterative calculation according to the formula, wherein the result is as follows:
then, carrying out n-order self-association 2 times of iterative calculation, and obtaining the result:
by analogy, the obtained n-order self-correlation m-time iteration result is as follows:
wherein: n is the number of operation pictures; k is a radical of1，k2，......，km-1，kmIs the order of the iterative autocorrelation operation (2, 3, 4.. said.).
Thereby outputting
The image of the target object can be recovered, if the high-order autocorrelation order n, the iteration number m and the iteration autocorrelation order k are selected according to experiencemIf the reconstructed image is distorted or blurred and is not resolved, n, m and k are increased or decreasedmUntil a clear super-resolution associated image of the object to be imaged is obtained.
3) The light field intensity information in the high-order iterative operation system can also enter a compressed sensing imaging system or a calculation correlation imaging system;
and 3.1) the light field intensity information of the high-order iterative operation system enters a compressed sensing imaging system, and is processed according to the principle and the method of compressed sensing imaging, so that super-resolution associated imaging of the object to be imaged is realized.
And 3.2) the light field intensity information of the high-order iterative operation system enters a calculation correlation imaging system, and is processed according to the principle and the method of calculation correlation imaging, so that super-resolution correlation imaging of the object to be imaged is realized.
The incoherent light source is a thermal light source, a natural light source or an artificial pseudo-thermal light source.
The lens with the focal length f is a combination of a convex lens, a concave mirror, a telescope, a microscope and a camera lens.
The area array detector is a CCD, EMCCD, ICCD or CMOS area array camera with space resolution capability.
The high-order iterative operation can be processed by hardware or software.
The beneficial effects created by the invention are as follows:
1. the invention has the super-resolution imaging capability of breaking the diffraction limit, and can improve the resolution by one order of magnitude compared with the traditional imaging;
2. the invention greatly improves the imaging contrast and overcomes the defect of low contrast of the traditional associated imaging.
3. The invention inherits all advantages of the traditional imaging technology, and can be used for upgrading various incoherent light sources including a true thermal light source or a pseudo thermal light source, and a high-order correlation imaging technology and a compressed sensing high-order correlation imaging technology of spatial modulation light beams based on computer modulation to improve the resolution, the imaging contrast and the signal-to-noise ratio of a stage correlation imaging system;
4. according to the method, on the premise that the complexity of a high-order self-correlation imaging system and the data processing complexity are not increased, only hardware electronic equipment is added or the area array data are processed by a digital technology through computing software on the basis of a traditional detection method, and the experimental device is simple and easy to operate;
5. compared with the traditional correlation imaging system, the invention has the characteristic of simple structure and is more suitable for super-resolution correlation imaging at super-far distance.
6. The invention is also suitable for the condition that the light field intensity emitted by the light source is unstable;
7. the invention is insensitive to the instability of light intensity, has the capability of resisting the influence of severe weather such as atmospheric disturbance, turbulence and the like, and can realize super-resolution imaging. Particularly, when a proper high-order autocorrelation order and iteration times are selected, the super-resolution imaging capability of breaking the diffraction limit is achieved, the influence of the background of the traditional correlation imaging can be well counteracted, the super-resolution correlation imaging is achieved, and the imaging quality is better than that of the traditional method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2a is a conventional average image acquired by an area array detector when the area array data is processed by a digital technology by using calculation software.
Fig. 2b is a diagram of the result of 2-step autocorrelation and 3 iterative calculations when the area array data is processed by the digital technique using the calculation software.
Fig. 2c is a diagram of the result of 2-step autocorrelation and 4 iterative calculations when the area array data is processed by the digital technique using the calculation software.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a high-order iterative calculation process for digitizing the area array data using computing software.
In the figure: 1. an incoherent light source; 2. a target object; 3. a lens having a focal length f; 4. an area array detector; 5. and (4) a high-order iterative operation system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
A super-resolution imaging method based on incoherent light field intensity high-order iterative autocorrelation comprises the following steps:
1) the beam emitted by the incoherent light source 1 irradiates on a target object 2, and the light scattered by the transmission or reflection of the object passes through a lens 3 with the focal length f and then is collected by an area array detector 4 with the space resolution capability to obtain an instant area array intensity signal; the distance s from an object to the lens 3 with the focal length f, the distance s' from the lens 3 with the focal length f to the photosensitive surface of the area array detector 4 and the focal length f of the lens 3 satisfy the imaging relation of a Gaussian thin lens:
2) area array signal I collected by area array detector 4 at photosensitive surface space position xi(x) Entering a high-order iterative operation system 5, firstly selecting a high-order autocorrelation order n, an iteration number m and an iteration autocorrelation order k according to experiencemAccording to heatThe principle and method of light correlation imaging firstly obtain the light field intensity n-order self-correlation result as follows:
carrying out n-order self-association 1-time iterative calculation according to the formula, wherein the result is as follows:
then, carrying out n-order self-association 2 times of iterative calculation, and obtaining the result:
by analogy, the obtained n-order self-correlation m-time iteration result is as follows:
wherein: n is the number of operation pictures; k is a radical of1，k2，......，km-1，kmIs the order of the iterative autocorrelation operation (2, 3, 4.. said.).
Thereby outputting
The image of the target object 2 can be recovered, if the high-order autocorrelation order n, the iteration number m and the iteration autocorrelation order k are selected according to experiencemIf the reconstructed image is distorted or blurred and is not resolved, n, m and k are increased or decreasedmUntil a clear super-resolution associated image of the object to be imaged is obtained.
3) The light field intensity information in the high-order iterative operation system 5 can also enter a compressed sensing imaging system or a calculation correlation imaging system;
and 3.1) the light field intensity information passing through the high-order iterative operation system 5 enters a compressed sensing imaging system, and is processed according to the principle and the method of compressed sensing imaging, so that super-resolution associated imaging of the object to be imaged is realized.
And 3.2) the light field intensity information passing through the high-order iterative operation system 5 enters a calculation correlation imaging system, and is processed according to the principle and method of calculation correlation imaging, so that super-resolution correlation imaging of the object to be imaged is realized.
The incoherent light source 1 is a thermal light source, a natural light source or an artificial pseudo-thermal light source.
The lens 3 with the focal length f is a combination of a convex lens, a concave mirror, a telescope, a microscope and a camera lens.
The area array detector 4 must be a CCD, EMCCD, ICCD or CMOS area array camera with spatial resolution.
The high-order iterative operation can be processed by hardware or software.
Example 1:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural layout diagram of a super-resolution imaging system and method based on incoherent light field intensity higher order iterative autocorrelation according to one embodiment of the present invention. The imaging system basically comprises an incoherent light source 1, a target object 2, a lens 3 with a focal length f, an area array detector 4 and a high-order iterative operation system 5. The area array detector 4 with spatial resolution acquires instant area array intensity signals of the target object 2 irradiated by the incoherent light source 1 or reflected and scattered at each moment and passing through the lens 3 with the focal length f through external triggering. The instant area array intensity signals enter a high-order iterative operation system 5, are processed according to a light field intensity high-order iterative self-correlation imaging principle, and realize super-resolution correlation imaging on an object to be imaged;
specifically, 2-order 3-time iteration self-correlation super-resolution images are calculated as an example. In the experiment, the wavelength λ of the light source is 532nm, the object is selected from 5-1 elements (stripe width: 15.63 μm) in a USAF1951 standard resolution plate, the distance s from the object to the lens 3 with the focal length f is 132mm, the distance s from the lens 3 with the focal length f to the photosensitive surface of the area array detector 4 is 380mm, the focal length f of the lens 3 is 100mm, and the number of pictures N is calculated50000 sheets. According to experience, selecting the order k of the iterative autocorrelation with the order n of 2 and the number m of iterations 332. Collecting area array signals I of the area array detector 4 at the space position x of the photosensitive surfacei(x) According to the principle and the method of thermo-optic correlation imaging, the obtained 2-order self-correlation result of the light field intensity is as follows:
then 2-order self-association is carried out for 3 times of iterative calculation, and the result is as follows:
the output image is shown in fig. 2 b. As shown in fig. 2b, although the object fringes can be distinguished compared with the conventional average image 2a, noise still exists between the fringes, and the image of the object cannot be clearly restored.
So increasing the number of iterations m to 4, k4And (2), outputting the operation result of 4 iterations of 2-order self-correlation:
the output image is shown in fig. 2c, and it can be seen that the object stripes are clear and distinguishable, thereby realizing high-order iterative self-correlated super-resolution imaging.
The key points of the present invention will be further explained in detail below.
The optical imaging and detection part of the imaging system is the same as that of the traditional lens imaging system. The difference lies in that the output signal of the detector is sequentially subjected to high-order iterative operation according to a sequence. The most critical high-order iterative operation in the present invention can be divided into two cases: hardware processing and software processing.
1.1) hardware processing is to insert the output signal of the detector into the electronic equipment of high-order iterative operation according to the method shown in FIG. 1, and according to experienceArtificially set high-order autocorrelation order n, iteration number m and iteration autocorrelation order kmOr a preset method is used for calculation, the electronic equipment with the functions can also be a part of the detector, and the original data acquired by exposing the photosensitive element of the detector directly passes through the electronic equipment and then outputs the final result.
1.2) adopting a high-order iterative operation mode of carrying out digital technical processing on the area array data by calculation software, namely, in the data processing process, programming high-order iterative self-correlation operation into a software program for calculation. The specific operation is shown in fig. 3: namely, inputting a high-order autocorrelation order n, an iteration number m and an iteration autocorrelation order k in a computer software programkAnd calculating initial values such as the number N of the pictures, and the like, and calculating by computer software according to a flow of a program block diagram, and outputting a final result.
2. For the calculation of the high-order iterative autocorrelation, selecting proper high-order autocorrelation order n, iteration number m and order k of the iterative autocorrelationmAnd meanwhile, the method has the super-resolution imaging capability of breaking the diffraction limit, can well offset the influence of the background of the traditional associated imaging, and realizes the super-resolution associated imaging.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the examples and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the examples and steps have been described in general terms of their functionality in the foregoing description. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
Although embodiments of the present invention only exemplify the light source in the form of a thermal light source, the associated imaging system of the present invention is equally applicable to imaging schemes of natural light or artificial pseudo-thermal light sources subject to a statistical distribution of thermal light. Although the embodiment of the invention only exemplifies a super-resolution imaging scheme based on the high-order iterative autocorrelation of incoherent light, the method of the invention is also applicable to a computational imaging system and a compressed sensing imaging system.
Thus, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that while an exemplary embodiment of the present invention has been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations and modifications can be made, which are consistent with the principles of the invention, from the disclosure herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (5)
1. A super-resolution imaging method based on incoherent light field intensity high-order iterative autocorrelation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the light beam emitted by the incoherent light source (1) irradiates on a target object (2), and the light scattered by the transmission or reflection of the object passes through a lens (3) with a focal length f and then is collected by an area array detector (4) with space resolution capacity to obtain an instant area array intensity signal; the distance s from an object to the lens (3) with the focal length f, the distance s' from the lens (3) with the focal length f to the photosensitive surface of the area array detector (4) and the focal length f of the lens (3) satisfy the imaging relation of a Gaussian thin lens:
2) area array signal I collected by area array detector (4) at photosensitive surface space position xi(x) Entering a high-order iteration operation system (5), and selecting a high-order autocorrelation order n, an iteration number m and an iteration autocorrelation order k according to experiencemAccording to the principle and method of thermo-optic correlation imaging, firstly, obtaining the self-correlation result of the light field intensity n order as follows:
carrying out n-order self-association 1-time iterative calculation according to the formula, wherein the result is as follows:
then, carrying out n-order self-association 2 times of iterative calculation, and obtaining the result:
by analogy, the obtained n-order self-correlation m-time iteration result is as follows:
wherein: n is the number of operation pictures; k is a radical of1，k2，......，km-1，km(2, 3, 4.·.) is the order of the iterative autocorrelation operation;
thereby outputting
The image of the target object (2) can be recovered, if the high-order autocorrelation order n, the iteration number m and the iteration autocorrelation order k are selected according to experiencemIf the reconstructed image is distorted or blurred and is not resolved, n, m and k are increased or decreasedmUntil a clear super-resolution associated image of the object to be imaged is obtained;
3) the light field intensity information in the high-order iterative operation system (5) can also enter a compressed sensing imaging system or a calculation correlation imaging system;
3.1) the light field intensity information of the high-order iterative operation system (5) enters a compressed sensing imaging system, and is processed according to the principle and the method of compressed sensing imaging, so that super-resolution correlation imaging of an object to be imaged is realized;
and 3.2) the light field intensity information passing through the high-order iterative operation system (5) enters a calculation correlation imaging system, and is processed according to the principle and the method of calculation correlation imaging, so that super-resolution correlation imaging of the object to be imaged is realized.
2. The super-resolution imaging method based on incoherent light field intensity higher-order iterative autocorrelation of claim 1, wherein: the incoherent light source (1) is a thermal light source, a natural light source or an artificial pseudo-thermal light source.
3. The super-resolution imaging method based on incoherent light field intensity higher-order iterative autocorrelation of claim 1, wherein: the lens (3) with the focal length f is a combination of a convex lens, a concave mirror, a telescope, a microscope and a camera lens.
4. The super-resolution imaging method based on incoherent light field intensity higher-order iterative autocorrelation of claim 1, wherein: the area array detector (4) is a CCD, EMCCD, ICCD or CMOS area array camera with space resolution capability.
5. The super-resolution imaging method based on incoherent light field intensity higher-order iterative autocorrelation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-order iterative operation can be processed by hardware or software.
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| 史伟伟: ""基于带通滤波的压缩超分辨关联成像"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 信息科技》 * |
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