CN113433462B - Method and device for obtaining attenuation trend of proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Method and device for obtaining attenuation trend of proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for obtaining the attenuation trend of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein the method for obtaining the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell judges whether the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has a trend by detecting target gas in tail gas, and compared with a method for judging the attenuation trend by the voltage difference between an initial polarization curve and a current polarization curve in the prior art, once the content of the target gas in the tail gas reaches a certain value, the method can quickly judge the attenuation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and simultaneously convert the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into the content of the target gas, thereby realizing the quick judgment of the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a method and a device for obtaining the attenuation tendency of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have many advantages such as cleanness and high efficiency, and are therefore gradually developed and applied to hydrogen energy vehicles. Nevertheless, pem fuel cells present many problems and challenges, including pem fuel cell fault diagnosis, life prediction, and decay trend determination, among others.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is formed by a plurality of repetitive components (including membrane, catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer, bipolar plate and sealing member), and the internal working environment is very harsh (strong acidity, high potential, high humidity and high temperature, etc.), so there is the decay of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance inevitable, if not discover in time can cause proton exchange membrane fuel cell whole damage, the serious person can harm the personal safety even.
In the performance research of the existing proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is mainly determined by the voltage difference between an initial polarization curve and a current polarization curve, the voltage embodied by the polarization curve is the average voltage of all single cells of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, if a small amount of membrane leaks or carbon carriers are slightly corroded, the voltage difference between the initial polarization curve and the current polarization curve is almost zero, the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cannot be determined at the moment, and the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be determined only when the average voltage of the cell changes obviously.
Therefore, how to quickly and accurately determine the attenuation trend of the pem fuel cell is of great interest.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for obtaining the attenuation trend of a pem fuel cell, so as to quickly determine the attenuation trend of the pem fuel cell. The invention also provides a device for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of deriving a proton exchange membrane fuel cell decay tendency, comprising the steps of:
1) obtaining the working condition of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell;
2) according to the working condition, introducing specific gas to a specific inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell;
3) obtaining the content X1 of the target gas in the tail gas of a specific outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to X1.
Preferably, in the above method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell,
when the obtained working condition is a stable operation working condition, the specific inlet comprises an anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a cathode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell,
the specific gas comprises hydrogen gas introduced into the anode inlet and air introduced into the cathode inlet.
Preferably, in the above method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell,
the specific outlet is a cathode outlet, and the target gas is COx.
Preferably, in the above method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell,
the specific outlets include an anode outlet and a cathode outlet, and the target gas includes nitrogen at the anode outlet and hydrogen at the cathode outlet.
Preferably, in the above method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell,
when the obtained working condition is a static working condition, the specific inlet is an anode inlet,
the specific gas is nitrogen gas, and the specific gas is nitrogen gas,
the specific outlet is a cathode outlet, and the target gas is nitrogen.
Preferably, in the above method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell,
when the obtained working condition is a static working condition, the specific inlet is a cathode inlet,
the specific gas is nitrogen gas, and the specific gas is nitrogen gas,
the specific outlet is an anode outlet, and the target gas is nitrogen.
Preferably, in the method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell, before the specific gas is introduced into the specific inlet in the step 2), the initial content X2 of the target gas in the specific outlet is obtained,
the step 3) is to obtain the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to the difference value of X1 and X2.
Preferably, in the method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, before obtaining X1 and X2, the gas at the specific outlet is subjected to an off-gas treatment, and the off-gas treatment is used for removing moisture and particulate impurities in the off-gas.
Preferably, in the method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the tail gas treatment is realized by a tail gas treatment device, and the tail gas treatment device comprises a gas-water separator, a gas sampling pipe and a pretreatment device which are sequentially connected through a pipeline;
x2 is the content of the target gas in the pipeline, the specific outlet, the gas-water separator, the gas sampling pipe and the pretreatment device.
Preferably, in the method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell, after obtaining X2 in step 2) and before introducing the specific gas into the specific inlet, the pressure of the specific gas introduced into the specific inlet is adjusted.
An apparatus for deriving pem fuel cell decay tendency, comprising:
the gas source can introduce specific gas to a specific inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell;
the gas content detection device is communicated with a specific outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and is used for obtaining the content X1 of the target gas in the tail gas of the specific outlet and obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to X1.
Preferably, in the above apparatus for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell, the gas content detecting means is a gas chromatograph.
Preferably, in the above apparatus for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell, the gas chromatograph is communicated with the specific outlet through an off-gas treatment device, and the off-gas treatment device is used for removing moisture and particulate impurities in the gas in the specific outlet.
Preferably, in the above apparatus for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell, the off-gas treatment apparatus comprises:
a gas-water separator capable of communicating with the specific inlet;
the inlet of the gas sampling pipe is communicated with the outlet of the gas-water separator;
and the inlet of the pretreatment device is communicated with the outlet of the gas sampling pipe, and the outlet of the pretreatment device is communicated with the gas content detection device.
Preferably, in the above apparatus for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell, the specific inlets include an anode inlet of the pem fuel cell and a cathode inlet of the pem fuel cell,
the number of the tail gas treatment devices is two,
one of the tail gas treatment devices is communicated with an anode outlet, and a first valve is arranged between the gas sampling pipe of the tail gas treatment device and the pretreatment device;
the other tail gas treatment device is communicated with a cathode outlet, and a second valve is arranged between the gas sampling pipe of the tail gas treatment device and the pretreatment device.
Preferably, in the above apparatus for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell, the gas-water separator is in communication with the back pressure valve of the specific inlet.
Preferably, in the above apparatus for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell, a pressure control assembly is further included for controlling the pressure of the gas introduced into the specific inlet from the gas source.
Preferably, in the above apparatus for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell, the pressure control assembly comprises:
a pressure sensor in communication with the back pressure valve;
a mass flow controller for controlling the mass flow of the gas, the mass flow controller being located upstream of the pressure sensor.
According to the technical scheme, whether the proton exchange membrane fuel cell tends to be judged by detecting the target gas in the tail gas, and compared with a mode of judging the attenuation tendency through the voltage difference between an initial polarization curve and a current polarization curve in the prior art, once the content of the target gas in the tail gas reaches a certain value, the method can quickly judge that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell attenuates, and simultaneously converts the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into the content of the target gas, so that the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is quickly judged.
The scheme discloses a device for obtaining the attenuation trend of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which judges whether the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is attenuated or not by detecting target gas in tail gas, and compared with a mode of judging the attenuation trend by the voltage difference between an initial polarization curve and a current polarization curve in the prior art, once the content of the target gas in the tail gas reaches a certain value, the device can quickly judge that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is attenuated, converts the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into the content of the target gas, and realizes the quick judgment of the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining a decay trend of a PEM fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining a proton exchange membrane fuel cell decay trend according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining a decay trend of a PEM fuel cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining a decay trend of a PEM fuel cell according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining a decay trend of a PEM fuel cell according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for obtaining a damping trend of a pem fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
1. high-pressure hydrogen source, 2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell, 3, high-pressure air source, 4, high-pressure nitrogen source, 5, anode gas chromatograph, 6, cathode gas chromatograph, 7, gas-water separator, 8, gas sampling pipe, 9, preprocessing device, 10, back pressure valve, 11, first valve, 12, second valve, 13, first three-way valve, 14, second three-way valve, 15, pressure sensor, 16, mass flow controller.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a device for obtaining the attenuation trend of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which is used for rapidly judging the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The invention also discloses a method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1-6.
The invention discloses a method for obtaining the attenuation trend of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which can know the state of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2, quickly judge the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and simplify the analysis process of the attenuation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining the working condition of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2;
2) according to the working condition, specific gas is introduced into a specific inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2;
3) and obtaining the content X1 of the target gas in the tail gas of the specific outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2, and obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to X1.
The working conditions of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 in the step 1) comprise a stable operation working condition and a static working condition.
The mode of obtaining the working condition in the step 1) can be obtained manually or can be obtained through a battery management system.
The specific inlets in step 2) include the anode inlet and the cathode inlet of the pem fuel cell 2.
And determining which specific gas is introduced into which specific inlet according to the working condition.
The specific outlets include an anode outlet and a cathode outlet of the pem fuel cell 2. The specific collection of the tail gas at a specific outlet is determined according to the position of the target gas.
According to the method for obtaining the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, whether the proton exchange membrane fuel cell tends or not is judged by detecting the target gas in the tail gas, and compared with a mode that the attenuation trend is judged by the voltage difference between an initial polarization curve and a current polarization curve in the prior art, once the content of the target gas in the tail gas reaches a certain value, the attenuation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be quickly judged, meanwhile, the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is converted into the content of the target gas, and the quick judgment of the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is realized.
The causes of degradation in the pem fuel cell 2 include mainly electrochemical corrosion of the membranes (anode and cathode) and loss of catalytic activity, mainly corrosion of the carbon support.
The carbon support of the pem fuel cell 2 is also subject to corrosion and carbon CO generation during chemical degradation of the membranes (anode and cathode membranes)xPart of COxDissolved in water, and the other part is directly discharged from a cathode outlet along with cathode tail gas.
The scheme detects CO in the cathode tail gasxObtaining the attenuation of the pem fuel cell 2 requires that the pem fuel cell 2 is operated under a stable operation condition, wherein the specific inlet comprises an anode inlet and a cathode inlet, the specific gas comprises hydrogen introduced into the anode inlet and air introduced into the cathode inlet, the specific outlet is a cathode outlet, and the target gas is COx。
The specific steps of obtaining are as follows,
1) the obtained working condition is a stable operation working condition;
2) introducing hydrogen to the anode inlet and introducing air to the cathode inlet simultaneously;
3) obtaining CO in tail gas at the outlet of the cathodexX1, obtaining the proton exchange membrane fuel cell attenuation trend according to X1.
CO in cathode tail gasxThe content of (b) can only be detected when the pem fuel cell 2 is in a stable operating state.
The electrochemical corrosion affects the integrity of the membranes (anode and cathode) allowing gas to pass through the pores in the membranes (anode and cathode), and empty hydrogen or hydrogen breakthrough occurs within the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2.
Here, hydrogen breakthrough refers to permeation of hydrogen gas at the anode through the cathode membrane, and hydrogen breakthrough refers to permeation of air at the cathode through the anode membrane.
The detection of empty hydrogen or hydrogen empty can be carried out under the stable operation condition, wherein the specific inlet comprises an anode inlet and a cathode inlet, the specific gas comprises hydrogen introduced into the anode inlet and air introduced into the cathode inlet, the specific outlet comprises an anode outlet and a cathode outlet, and the target gas is nitrogen at the anode outlet and hydrogen at the cathode outlet.
The specific steps of obtaining are as follows,
1) the obtained working condition is a stable operation working condition;
2) introducing hydrogen to the anode inlet and introducing air to the cathode inlet simultaneously;
3) the nitrogen content X1 'at the anode outlet and the hydrogen content X1 "at the cathode outlet were obtained, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell damping tendency was obtained according to X1' and X1".
It should be noted here that X1' and X1 ″ are for distinguishing the hydrogen content X1 at the anode outlet and the cathode outlet, and do not have a special meaning.
The detection of the content of nitrogen at the anode outlet and the content of hydrogen at the cathode outlet can be performed when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is in a stable operation state, or can be performed when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is in a static state. The detection modes of the nitrogen content at the anode outlet and the hydrogen content at the cathode outlet are flexible.
The detection of empty hydrogen or hydrogen running can be carried out under a static working condition, specific outlets and specific inlets for detection are different, the adopted specific gas is nitrogen, and the target gas is nitrogen.
Specifically, when the empty hydrogen detection is carried out, the specific obtaining steps are,
1) the obtained working condition is a static working condition;
2) introducing nitrogen to the inlet of the cathode;
3) and obtaining the content X1 of the nitrogen at the outlet of the anode, and obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to X1.
Specifically, when hydrogen serial-to-empty detection is performed, the specific obtaining steps are,
1) the obtained working condition is a static working condition;
2) introducing nitrogen to the inlet of the anode;
3) and obtaining the content X1 of the nitrogen at the outlet of the cathode, and obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to X1.
Since the gas may be trapped at the anode outlet and the cathode outlet, and the target gas in the gas may affect the content X1 of the target gas at the cathode outlet or the anode outlet, which may reduce the detection accuracy, it is necessary to detect the content of the target gas in the trapped gas to reduce the error.
Specifically, before the specific gas is introduced into the specific inlet in the step 2), the initial content X2 of the target gas in the specific outlet is obtained, and at this time, in the step 3), the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell is obtained specifically according to the difference between X1 and X2 (i.e., X1-X2).
The method for reducing the error in the above step 2) is applicable to COxAnd detecting empty hydrogen or hydrogen empty.
In order to further improve the detection accuracy, before obtaining X1 and X2, the gas at a specific outlet is subjected to tail gas treatment, and the purpose of the tail gas treatment is to remove moisture and particulate impurities in the tail gas.
The tail gas treatment is realized by a tail gas treatment device, and in a specific embodiment of the scheme, the tail gas treatment device comprises a gas-water separator 7, a gas sampling pipe 8 and a pretreatment device 9 which are sequentially connected through a pipeline.
X2 is illustrated here, and X2 is the content of the target gas in the piping, the specified outlet, the gas-water separator 7, the gas sampling pipe 8 and the pretreatment device 9.
According to the method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, after the X2 is obtained in the step 2) and before the specific gas is introduced into the specific inlet, the pressure of the specific gas introduced into the specific inlet is adjusted, so that the gas with constant pressure is ensured to be supplied into the specific inlet, and the influence of the gas pressure change on the content of the target gas is reduced.
The scheme also discloses a device for obtaining the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which is used for knowing the state of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2, rapidly judging the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and simplifying the attenuation analysis process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2.
The device for obtaining the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a gas source and a gas content detection device.
The gas source is a high-pressure gas source and is used for introducing specific gas to a specific inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2.
The air supply can be the air supply of the vehicle where the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is located, and can also be the air supply provided independently, and which kind of air supply is specifically selected and used is decided by the obtaining working condition.
When the air source is a single air source, the air source comprises a high-pressure hydrogen source 1, a high-pressure air source 3 and a high-pressure nitrogen source 4.
The high-pressure hydrogen source 1, the high-pressure air source 3 and the high-pressure nitrogen source 4 can be respectively communicated with a hydrogen inlet or an air inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 through pipelines.
In order to simplify the pipeline structure of the device for obtaining the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, in the scheme, the high-pressure air source 3 and the high-pressure nitrogen source 4 are communicated with the air inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 through the first three-way valve 13, and the high-pressure hydrogen source 1 and the high-pressure nitrogen source 4 are communicated with the hydrogen inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 through the second three-way valve 14.
As shown in fig. 1, a first inlet of the first three-way valve 13 is communicated with the high-pressure air source 3, an outlet of the first three-way valve 13 is communicated with the air inlet, and a second inlet of the first three-way valve 13 is communicated with the high-pressure nitrogen gas source 4;
as shown in fig. 1, the first inlet of the second three-way valve 14 is communicated with the high-pressure hydrogen gas source 1, the outlet of the second three-way valve 14 is communicated with the hydrogen gas inlet, and the second inlet of the second three-way valve 14 is communicated with the high-pressure nitrogen gas source 4.
The high-pressure hydrogen source 1 and the high-pressure air source 3 are high-pressure air sources required by the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2, when the high-pressure hydrogen source 1 and the high-pressure air source 3 are communicated with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2, the stable operation state of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is simulated, and the high-pressure nitrogen source 4 is used when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is in a static state to carry out hydrogen serial empty or empty serial hydrogen test. The high-pressure air source of the device for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is not limited to the air source, the high-pressure air source 3 can be replaced by a high-pressure oxygen source, the high-pressure hydrogen source 1 can be replaced by other fuel gases, and the high-pressure nitrogen source 4 can be replaced by other stable gases which do not participate in the reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2.
As shown in fig. 1, a high-pressure hydrogen source 1 can communicate with a hydrogen inlet of a pem fuel cell 2 for supplying hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet when the pem fuel cell 2 simulates stable operation; the high-pressure air source 3 can be communicated with an air inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 and is used for supplying air to the air inlet when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 simulates stable operation; the high pressure nitrogen gas source 4 can communicate with a hydrogen inlet or an air inlet of the pem fuel cell 2 for feeding nitrogen gas when the pem fuel cell 2 is undergoing a hydrogen-on-air or an air-on-air hydrogen test.
The gas content detection device is communicated with a specific outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 and is used for obtaining the content X1 of the target gas in the tail gas of the specific outlet, and the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is obtained by a person skilled in the art according to X1.
The device for obtaining the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell disclosed by the scheme judges whether the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is attenuated or not by detecting the target gas in the tail gas, and compared with a mode of judging the attenuation trend by the voltage difference between an initial polarization curve and a current polarization curve in the prior art, once the content of the target gas in the tail gas reaches a certain value, the device can quickly judge that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is attenuated, and simultaneously converts the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 into the content of the target gas, so that the quick judgment of the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is realized.
Meanwhile, the fuel utilization rate can be calculated by detecting the contents of oxygen and hydrogen in the cathode tail gas and the anode tail gas, the stoichiometric ratio of the cathode and the anode is optimized, and theoretical data support is provided for the research and development of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2. Specifically, a high-pressure hydrogen source 1 and a high-pressure air source 3 supply hydrogen and air into the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 through a hydrogen inlet and an air inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2, respectively; cathode tail gas gets into cathode gas chromatograph 6, and cathode gas chromatograph 6 detects the content of oxygen in the tail gas to the record is in the memory, and anode tail gas gets into anode gas chromatography gas, and anode gas chromatograph 5 detects the content of hydrogen in the anode tail gas, and the record is in the memory, calculates the fuel utilization ratio through hydrogen and oxygen in detecting anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas, and then optimizes the stoichiometric ratio of oxygen and hydrogen.
The scheme quantifies the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2, and the obtained result is more visual.
Preferably, the gas content detecting device is a gas chromatograph.
In order to improve the detection accuracy of the gas chromatograph on the content of the target gas, the device for detecting the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 disclosed by the scheme further comprises a tail gas treatment device.
As shown in fig. 1, the gas chromatograph is in communication with the particular outlet via a tail gas treatment device for removing moisture and particulate impurities from the gas in the particular outlet.
The tail gas treatment device comprises a water-gas separator, a gas sampling pipe 8 and a pretreatment device 9.
The water-gas separator is used for separating water in the tail gas, and the water removal process of the pretreatment device 9 is simplified; the gas sampling pipe 8 is used for providing tail gas with a specific outlet, providing the tail gas with stable pressure for the gas chromatograph, and improving the detection accuracy of the gas chromatograph; the pretreatment device 9 is used for filtering water vapor, water vapor and other particulate impurities in the tail gas.
The specific inlets include an anode inlet of the pem fuel cell 2 and a cathode inlet of the pem fuel cell 2.
In order to improve the detection speed of the device for obtaining the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and avoid frequent disassembly and assembly, the device for obtaining the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises two tail gas treatment devices which are respectively communicated with two gas chromatographs. Hereinafter, the gas chromatograph for detecting the target gas at the anode outlet is named as an anode gas chromatograph 5, and the gas chromatograph for detecting the target gas at the cathode outlet is named as a cathode gas chromatograph 6.
One of the tail gas treatment devices is communicated with the anode outlet, a first valve 11 is arranged between a gas sampling pipe 8 of the tail gas treatment device and the pretreatment device 9, and whether the tail gas at the anode outlet enters the anode gas chromatograph 5 is controlled through the first valve 11;
and the other tail gas treatment device is communicated with the cathode outlet, a second valve 12 is arranged between the gas sampling pipe 8 of the tail gas treatment device and the pretreatment device 9, and whether the tail gas at the cathode outlet enters the cathode gas chromatograph 6 is controlled through the second valve 12.
As shown in fig. 1, the exhaust gas treatment device and the first valve 11 or the second valve 12 are installed in the following order: the gas-water separator 7 → the gas sampling pipe 8 → the first valve 11 (or the second valve 12) → the pretreatment device 9 → the anode gas chromatograph 5 (or the cathode gas chromatograph 6).
Here, before the gas in the gas sampling pipe 8 is supplied to the anode gas chromatograph 5 or the cathode gas chromatograph 6, that is, before the gas pressure is unstable, the outlet of the gas sampling pipe 8 is communicated with the tail pipe, and after the gas supplied to the gas sampling pipe 8 is stabilized, the outlet of the gas sampling pipe 8 is communicated with the inlet of the first valve 11 (or the second valve 12).
In the scheme, the gas taking position of the tail gas is changed, the tail gas treatment device is communicated with the outlet of a back pressure valve 10 at the anode outlet (or cathode outlet), and the back pressure valve 10 controls the pressure of the anode outlet (or cathode outlet) of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2. The pressure of the sampling position is micro negative pressure and is controlled by an air suction pump and a pressure stabilizing valve in the tail gas pretreatment device.
The gas taking position is positioned at the rear end of the back pressure valve 10, so that the pressure fluctuation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 caused in the gas taking process is avoided;
furthermore, the gas taking position is positioned at the rear end of the water-gas separator, the water-gas separator 7 can remove part of water gas in the tail exhaust gas, and the water removal process of the pretreatment device 9 is simplified.
Before the anode off-gas and the cathode off-gas are supplied to the anode gas chromatograph 5 and the cathode gas chromatograph 6, respectively, it is necessary to ensure that the gas pressure supplied to the anode gas chromatograph 5 and the cathode gas chromatograph 6 is stable by the pressure control assembly.
The pressure control assembly includes a pressure sensor 15 and a mass flow controller 16, wherein the pressure sensor 15 is in communication with the backpressure valve 10, and the mass flow controller 16 is used to control the mass flow of the gas to a constant value.
As shown in fig. 1, mass flow controller 16 is located upstream of pressure sensor 15.
Before the first valve 11 and/or the second valve 12 are opened, the mass flow controller 16 sets a constant flow, a constant pressure is set through the backpressure valve 10, anode tail gas and cathode tail gas are respectively supplied to the gas-water separator 7 and the gas sampling pipe 8, before the indication of the pressure sensor 15 is stabilized to the pressure regulated by the backpressure valve 10, the gas supplied to the gas sampling pipe 8 is discharged to a tail discharge pipe through a first outlet, and after the indication of the pressure sensor 15 is stabilized, the first valve 11 and/or the second valve 12 are opened.
The first valve 11 and the second valve 12 can be electromagnetic valves, manual ball valves or needle valves. The first valve 11 and the second valve 12 are not limited to the above valves, and may be other valves that can implement the present embodiment.
The operation method of the device for obtaining the attenuation trend of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell disclosed by the scheme is as follows:
1) under a stable operation state, the cathode gas chromatograph 6 is communicated with a cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2, and the anode gas chromatograph 5 is communicated with an anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2;
2) opening the second valve 12 to make the cathode tail gas at the cathode outlet of the PEMFC 2 enter the cathode gas chromatograph 6, and recording CO in the cathode tail gas detected by the cathode gas chromatograph 6xIs in memory.
And 1) step 2) to realize the detection of the corrosion of the carbon carrier.
3) Under a stable operation state, the cathode gas chromatograph 6 is communicated with a cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2, and the anode gas chromatograph 5 is communicated with an anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2;
4) and opening the first valve and the second valve, enabling the cathode tail gas to enter the cathode gas chromatograph 6, enabling the anode tail gas to enter the anode gas chromatograph 5, and recording the nitrogen content in the anode tail gas detected by the anode gas chromatograph 5 and the hydrogen content in the cathode tail gas detected by the cathode gas chromatograph 6 in the memory under the stable operation state of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2.
And 3) realizing empty hydrogen stringing and empty hydrogen stringing detection.
Empty hydrogen and empty detection of hydrogen series can be carried out when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is in a static working condition, specifically as follows:
11) the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is in a static working condition, and the high-pressure nitrogen source 4 is communicated with the anode inlet;
12) opening a second valve 12 to enable the cathode tail gas at the cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 to enter a cathode gas chromatograph 6, and recording the nitrogen content in the cathode tail gas detected by the cathode gas chromatograph 6 in a memory;
steps 11) -12) realize the detection of hydrogen serial empty.
13) The proton exchange membrane fuel cell 2 is in a static working condition, and the high-pressure nitrogen source 4 is communicated with the cathode inlet;
14) and opening the first valve 11, allowing the anode tail gas to enter the anode gas chromatograph 5, and recording the nitrogen content in the anode tail gas detected by the anode gas chromatograph 5 in a memory.
And steps 13) -14) to realize the detection of empty hydrogen burst.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (14)
1. A method of obtaining a proton exchange membrane fuel cell attenuation trend, comprising the steps of:
1) obtaining the working condition of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (2);
2) according to the working condition, specific gas is introduced into a specific inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (2), and before the specific gas is introduced into the specific inlet, the initial content X2 of the target gas in a specific outlet is obtained;
3) obtaining the content X1 of the target gas in the tail gas of a specific outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (2), and obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to the difference value of X1 and X2.
2. The method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1,
when the obtained working condition is a stable operation working condition, the specific inlet comprises an anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (2) and a cathode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (2),
the specific gas comprises hydrogen gas introduced into the anode inlet and air introduced into the cathode inlet.
3. The method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 2,
the specific outlet is a cathode outlet, and the target gas is COx.
4. The method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 2,
the specific outlets include an anode outlet and a cathode outlet, and the target gas includes nitrogen at the anode outlet and hydrogen at the cathode outlet.
5. The method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1,
when the obtained working condition is a static working condition, the specific inlet is an anode inlet,
the specific gas is nitrogen gas, and the specific gas is nitrogen gas,
the specific outlet is a cathode outlet, and the target gas is nitrogen.
6. The method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1,
when the obtained working condition is a static working condition, the specific inlet is a cathode inlet,
the specific gas is nitrogen gas, and the specific gas is nitrogen gas,
the specific outlet is an anode outlet, and the target gas is nitrogen.
7. The method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein before obtaining X1 and X2, the gas at the specific outlet is subjected to an off-gas treatment, and the off-gas treatment is used for removing moisture and particulate impurities in the off-gas.
8. The method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell as recited in claim 7, wherein the tail gas treatment is realized by a tail gas treatment device, and the tail gas treatment device comprises a gas-water separator (7), a gas sampling pipe (8) and a pretreatment device (9) which are sequentially connected through a pipeline;
x2 is the content of the target gas in the pipeline, the specific outlet, the gas-water separator (7), the gas sampling pipe (8) and the pretreatment device (9).
9. The method for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the pem fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure of the specific gas introduced into the specific inlet is adjusted after obtaining X2 in step 2) and before introducing the specific gas into the specific inlet.
10. An apparatus for deriving a proton exchange membrane fuel cell decay tendency, comprising:
the gas source can feed specific gas to a specific inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (2);
the gas content detection device is communicated with a specific outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (2) and is used for obtaining the content X1 of the target gas in the tail gas of the specific outlet and obtaining the attenuation tendency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to X1;
the gas content detecting device is a gas chromatograph,
the gas chromatograph is communicated with the specific outlet through a tail gas treatment device, the tail gas treatment device is used for removing water and particulate impurities of the gas in the specific outlet,
the tail gas treatment device comprises:
a gas-water separator (7) capable of communicating with the specific inlet;
the inlet of the gas sampling pipe (8) is communicated with the outlet of the gas-water separator (7);
the inlet of the pretreatment device (9) is communicated with the outlet of the gas sampling pipe (8), and the outlet of the pretreatment device (9) is communicated with the gas content detection device.
11. The device for obtaining the attenuation tendency of the PEM fuel cell according to claim 10, wherein said specific inlets comprise an anode inlet of said PEM fuel cell (2) and a cathode inlet of said PEM fuel cell (2),
the number of the tail gas treatment devices is two,
one of the tail gas treatment devices is communicated with an anode outlet, and a first valve (11) is arranged between the gas sampling pipe (8) of the tail gas treatment device and the pretreatment device (9);
the other tail gas treatment device is communicated with a cathode outlet, and a second valve (12) is arranged between the gas sampling pipe (8) of the tail gas treatment device and the pretreatment device (9).
12. The device for obtaining the proton exchange membrane fuel cell attenuation tendency according to the claim 10, characterized in that the gas-water separator (7) is communicated with the back pressure valve (10) of the specific inlet.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising a pressure control assembly for controlling the pressure of the gas from the gas source to the specific inlet.
14. The apparatus for deriving pem fuel cell attenuance trend according to claim 13, wherein said pressure control assembly comprises:
a pressure sensor (15), the pressure sensor (15) being in communicative connection with the backpressure valve (10);
a mass flow controller (16) for controlling the mass flow of the gas, the mass flow controller (16) being located upstream of the pressure sensor (15).
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