CN113433037B - Mobile phone type PM 2.5 Observation device - Google Patents
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mobile phone type PM 2.5 An observation device belongs to the technical field of optics and atmospheric science. The observation device comprises a mobile phone, a light source and a sample chamberThe sealed sample cell with specific functions, which consists of a window piece I, a window piece II, a drying chamber, a humidifying chamber, a switching valve and a pipeline, can be matched with a micro-optical amplification system for use when the resolution ratio of the mobile phone is low, the communication state of the sample chamber, the drying chamber and the humidifying chamber is changed through the switching valve, so that the relative humidity in the sample chamber is regulated and controlled, under the irradiation of a light source, the mobile phone focuses on the window piece II through the window piece I to realize the space resolution observation of aerosol particles on the window piece II in the sample chamber, and the parameters such as a moisture absorption quality growth factor, a weathering point, a weathering rate and the like of the aerosol particles can be obtained through later data processing. The observation device has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, low cost and short data processing time, and has wide application prospects in aspects of scientific research, teaching, environment detection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mobile phone type PM 2.5 An observation device belongs to the technical field of optics and atmospheric science.
Background
Haze particles are mainly fine particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm, namely PM 2.5 Air pollution is caused when the concentration of these atmospheric particulates in the atmosphere exceeds a certain limit. Haze is essentially an atmospheric aerosol, while hygroscopicity is an important physicochemical property of aerosols, with important effects on the environment, climate and health effects of aerosols. Thus, for PM 2.5 The study on the hygroscopicity of the atmospheric aerosol has important significance for revealing the formation mechanism of haze and realizing the accurate prevention and control of haze.
The current instrument means for studying aerosol hygroscopicity are mainly: vapor adsorption analyzers, moisture absorption tandem differential electromigration analyzers, infrared/raman spectroscopy, single particle suspension devices (acoustic suspension, optical suspension, electrical suspension, etc.), and the like. Although the instruments can accurately represent the hygroscopicity of aerosol, the instruments are expensive to manufacture as large scientific instruments, and some devices also need an external gas circuit to accurately control the change of relative humidity, so that the structure is complex. In addition, they have problems of long analysis processing time, poor portability, and inability of online measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior aerosol hygroscopicity research device, the invention provides a mobile phone type PM 2.5 The observation device utilizes the mobile phone and the camera system thereof to have a strong software support platform and higher image recognition space resolution capability, designs and constructs a sample cell with a specific function, can realize the observation of the hygroscopicity of the atmospheric particulate matters through the mobile phone, has the advantages of miniaturization, intellectualization, short time consumption, convenient carrying, low cost and the like, and has good application prospects in the fields of scientific research, teaching, environmental monitoring and the like.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
Mobile phone type PM 2.5 The observation device comprises a mobile phone, a sample chamber, a window sheet I, a window sheet II, a drying chamber, a humidifying chamber, a switching valve, a pipeline and a light source;
the mobile phone has a micro-distance shooting function, and if the resolution of the mobile phone is low, the mobile phone is matched with a micro-optical amplification system to improve the spatial observation resolution, so that the effect of clearly shooting aerosol particles in a sample chamber is achieved;
the sample chamber is a closed cavity, two opposite surfaces in the sample chamber are provided with an observation window and a substrate window in a one-to-one correspondence manner (namely, one surface is provided with the observation window, the other surface opposite to the observation window is provided with the substrate window), and the surface of the sample chamber is also provided with a vent;
the window sheet I is made of transparent material;
the window sheet II is made of a material which is transparent and has at least one surface with hydrophobicity;
the drying chamber is a closed cavity, and an air inlet is processed on the drying chamber and is connected with the sample chamber for absorbing moisture in the sample chamber;
the humidifying chamber is a closed cavity, and an air outlet is formed in the humidifying chamber and connected with the sample chamber and used for increasing moisture in the sample chamber;
a window sheet I is arranged on an observation window of the sample chamber, a window sheet II is arranged on a substrate window of the sample chamber, aerosol liquid drops to be observed are positioned in the sample chamber and on a surface with hydrophobicity in the window sheet II, an air inlet of the drying chamber and an air outlet of the humidifying chamber are respectively connected with an air vent of the sample chamber through pipelines, a switching valve is arranged on the pipelines so as to realize the connection of the sample chamber and the drying chamber or the connection of the sample chamber and the humidifying chamber, a light source is positioned outside the sample chamber and corresponds to the window sheet II and can irradiate the aerosol liquid drops in the sample chamber, a mobile phone is positioned outside the sample chamber, and a camera of the mobile phone corresponds to the window sheet I so as to realize the shooting of the aerosol liquid drops in the sample chamber; in addition, when the micro-optical amplification system is included, the micro-optical amplification system is positioned between the mobile phone and the window piece I.
Further, when shooting is performed by using a mobile phone or a mobile phone and a micro-optical amplification system, the relative error of the measurement of the radius size of aerosol particles is not more than 5%, so that the measurement precision of the moisture absorption growth factor of the aerogel is ensured.
Further, the drying chamber is filled with a drying agent having an adsorption effect on water, such as a conventional silica gel drying agent, anhydrous calcium chloride, a molecular sieve drying agent, and the like.
Further, the moisturizing chamber is filled with water or a water-absorbing material after water absorption, and the water-absorbing material refers to a material capable of releasing water in an atmospheric environment after water absorption, such as absorbent cotton, non-absorbent cotton, absorbent fiber absorbent cotton, absorbent sponge and the like.
Further, the window sheet I can be a transparent glass sheet with a thickness of not more than 1mm or a transparent organic film (such as a common preservative film).
Further, the window sheet II can be selected from a transparent glass sheet with a thickness of not more than 1mm and at least one surface having hydrophobicity or a transparent organic film (such as Polyethylene (PE) film and Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) film) with at least one surface having hydrophobicity.
The working principle of the observation device of the invention is as follows: the observation device comprises a sample chamber, a drying chamber, a humidifying chamber, a pipeline, a window sheet I and a window sheet II, wherein a closed system is formed between the drying chamber and the humidifying chamber and isolated from the atmosphere, the communication state between the drying chamber and the humidifying chamber and the sample chamber is realized through a switching valve on the pipeline, so that the relative humidity in the sample chamber is regulated and controlled, for example, aerosol particles in the sample chamber can be dried when the drying chamber is communicated with the sample chamber, and the aerosol particles in the sample chamber can be humidified when the humidifying chamber is communicated with the sample chamber; under the conditions of adjusting and changing the relative humidity of the sample chamber, continuously shooting or recording aerosol particles in the sample chamber by utilizing a mobile phone camera or a micro-optical amplification system, then carrying out artificial intelligent identification and quantitative processing on images by utilizing corresponding programs in the mobile phone, obtaining corresponding relation data of the radius of liquid drops and the relative humidity, determining the relation between the proportion of the liquid drops to solid particles and the relative humidity under the weathering condition and the relation between the proportion of the solid particles to the liquid drops and the relative humidity under the deliquescing condition, and measuring parameters such as a moisture absorption quality growth factor, a weathering point, a deliquescing point, a weathering rate and the like of the particles. This is because for an aerosol of a given chemical composition, at a given relative humidity, the moisture content of the aerosol droplets has a determined value at the time of reaching the hygroscopic equilibrium, the ratio of the mass of the aerosol droplets to the mass of their dry solid particles being referred to as the hygroscopic mass growth factor, which corresponds one-to-one to the relative humidity; since the size of the aerosol droplets is in the order of micrometers, when the relative humidity increases or decreases, the droplets grow or shrink, or the equilibrium time of the phase change (from the droplets to solid particles or from solid particles to the droplets) is in the order of milliseconds, so that the aerosol droplets are always in an approximately equilibrium state with the ambient humidity under the condition that the ambient humidity continuously changes, and the size of the aerosol droplets obtained at each moment is the size of the droplets in the equilibrium state corresponding to the relative humidity at that moment.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The observation device mainly utilizes micron-scale aerosol liquid drops, and is in an equilibrium state with the environment at any time under the condition of continuously changing the ambient humidity, so that physical and chemical parameters such as aerosol quality growth factors, weathering points, tide points, crystallization nucleation rates and the like are obtained.
(2) The invention combines the mobile phone with scientific research by utilizing the strong software support platform and the higher image recognition space resolution capability of the mobile phone and the camera system thereof, develops a mobile phone type scientific instrument, and can realize miniaturization, intellectualization and networking of the instrument.
(3) The invention utilizes the sample chamber, the drying chamber, the humidifying chamber, the pipeline, the window sheet I and the window sheet II to form a closed sample cell isolated from the atmospheric environment, and the communication state of the drying chamber and the humidifying chamber with the sample chamber is realized through the switching valve on the pipeline so as to regulate and control the relative humidity in the sample chamber.
In summary, the mobile phone is matched with the sample cell with a specific function to realize the observation of the hygroscopicity of the atmospheric particulate matters, a miniaturized, intelligent and networked mobile phone instrument is established, the defects of complex solution structure, high manufacturing cost, poor portability, long data processing time and the like of the traditional scientific instrument are overcome, and the observation device has wide application prospects in the aspects of scientific research, teaching, environment detection and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a mobile phone type PM as described in example 1 2.5 The structure of the observation device is schematically shown.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample cell described in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph comparing the weathering process of the ammonium sulfate aerosol tested in example 1 with the results of the model simulation.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing the deliquescence process of the ammonium sulfate aerosol tested in example 1 with the results of model simulations.
The device comprises a 1-sample chamber, a 2-drying chamber, a 3-humidifying chamber, a 4-switching valve, a 5-pipeline, a 6-observation window, a 7-substrate window, an 8-light source, a 9-window I, a 10-window II, 11-aerosol droplets, a 12-microscopic optical amplifying system and a 13-mobile phone.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein the process is a conventional process unless otherwise specified, and wherein the starting materials are commercially available from the public sources. In addition, in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
Taking the observation of the hygroscopic process of Ammonium Sulfate (AS) aerosol AS an example, the related mobile phone PM 2.5 The observation device comprises a mobile phone 13, a micro-optical amplification system 12, a window piece I9, a window piece II 10, a sample chamber 1, a drying chamber 2, a humidifying chamber 3, a switching valve 4, a pipeline 5 and a light source 8;
the mobile phone 13 has a micro-distance shooting function, and when the mobile phone 13 is matched with the micro-optical amplification system 12, the spatial resolution of 1 micron can be achieved, so that the aerosol particles in the sample chamber can be clearly shot; the microscopic optical amplifying system 12 is not adopted, and the high-resolution mobile phone 13 with the spatial resolution of 1 micrometer can be directly adopted for independent shooting;
the sample chamber 1 is a closed cuboid, an observation window 6 is processed on the upper surface of the sample chamber 1, a substrate window 7 is processed on the lower surface of the sample chamber 1, and a vent is further processed on the right side surface of the sample chamber;
the window sheet I9 is made of transparent Polyethylene (PE) preservative film;
the window sheet II 10 is made of transparent and hydrophobic poly (perfluoroethylene propylene) (FEP) film;
the drying chamber 2 is a closed cuboid, an air inlet is formed in the left side surface of the drying chamber, and silica gel particles are filled in the drying chamber and used for absorbing moisture in the sample chamber 1;
the humidifying chamber 3 is a closed cuboid, the left side face of the humidifying chamber is provided with an air outlet, and absorbent cotton filled with water is used for increasing the water in the sample chamber 1;
the light source 8 is an LED light source;
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the assembly relationship between the components in the observation device is as follows: the observation window 6 of the sample chamber 1 is sealed through the mounting window sheet I9, the substrate window 7 of the sample chamber 1 is sealed through the mounting window sheet II 10, aerosol droplets 11 to be observed are positioned in the sample chamber 1 and on the upper surface of the window sheet II 10, the air inlet of the drying chamber 2 and the air outlet of the humidifying chamber 3 are respectively connected with the air vent of the sample chamber 1 through the pipeline 5, the switching valve 4 is mounted on the pipeline 5, the light source 8 is positioned under the window sheet II 10, the camera of the mobile phone 13 is positioned over the window sheet I9, and the micro-optical amplification system 12 is positioned between the mobile phone and the window sheet I9.
The specific procedure for AS aerosol observations is AS follows:
(1) AS aerosol sample preparation
Preparing 20mL of AS solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, adding the AS solution into an atomizer, atomizing the AS solution into aerosol droplets, spraying the aerosol droplets on the upper surface of a window sheet II 10 in a sample chamber 1, and rapidly sealing an observation window 6 of the sample chamber 1 by using a PE preservative film serving AS a window sheet I9 after sample preparation of the aerosol droplets is completed;
(2) Finding suitable aerosol particle observations
The camera procedure of the mobile phone 13 is started, and a proper aerosol particle group (the aerosol particles are required to be dense and have regular shapes) is selected, so that the whole process of liquid drop moisture absorption and phase change can be clearly shot;
(3) Humidity linear change and image acquisition
To achieve a linear change in humidity, it is necessary to adjust the communication state between the sample chamber 1 and the drying chamber 2 and the humidification chamber 3 by the switching valve 4; in the process of linearly decreasing relative humidity (the sample chamber 1 is communicated with the drying chamber 2) and linearly increasing relative humidity (the sample chamber 1 is communicated with the humidifying chamber 3), shooting is carried out by adopting a mobile phone 13 shooting program, and the morphology change of aerosol particles in the processes of dehumidification and rising are recorded;
(5) Result processing
The image recognition application program in the mobile phone 13 is used for recognizing aerosol particles in the dehumidification and humidification processes, and radius and area recognition data of the particles in the video are obtained; wherein 7 aerosol droplets 11 are selected AS study objects, 22 humidity points (humidity range 5.5% -96%) are selected for calculation in the dehumidification process, and 7 humidity points (humidity range 80% -96%) are selected for calculation in the rising process, and GF values of AS aerosol droplets under different RH can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein GF is a quality growth factor, GF 0 Some known quality growth factor. Based on this, the GF value of the AS aerosol droplets at different relative humidities can be calculated from the AS aerosol particle radius r actually measured. Here, the quality growth factor is based on the reference value GF 0 Its corresponding density ρ 0 Radius r 0 AS aerosol particle density ρ at actual relative humidity is obtained from the E-AIM model;
in the calculation process, GF is used in the dehumidification process 0 The initial weathering humidity of 57% measured by AS drops was taken and GF of the humidification process was taken 0 Taking the humidity after complete deliquescence to be 91%, the GF change curve of the finally obtained AS aerosol droplet in the weathering and deliquescence process is shown in figures 3 and 4 (average GF value of 7 droplets), and is identical with the theoretical value of an E-AIM model, so that the observation device can accurately test the hygroscopicity of aerosol particles.
In summary, the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. Cell-phone formula PM2.5 observation device, its characterized in that: the observation device comprises a mobile phone, a sample chamber, a window piece I, a window piece II, a drying chamber, a humidifying chamber, a switching valve, a pipeline and a light source; the mobile phone has a macro shooting function, and shooting is carried out by adopting the mobile phone to singly shoot or adopting the mobile phone and a micro optical amplification system to cooperatively use; the sample chamber is a closed cavity, two opposite surfaces in the sample chamber are provided with observation windows and substrate windows in one-to-one correspondence, and the surfaces of the sample chamber are also provided with air vents; the window sheet I is made of transparent material; the window sheet II is made of a material which is transparent and has at least one surface with hydrophobicity; the drying chamber is a closed cavity, an air inlet is formed in the drying chamber, and the drying chamber is used for absorbing moisture in the sample chamber; the humidifying chamber is a closed cavity, an air outlet is formed in the humidifying chamber, and the humidifying chamber is used for increasing the moisture in the sample chamber; a window sheet I is arranged on an observation window of the sample chamber, a window sheet II is arranged on a substrate window of the sample chamber, aerosol liquid drops to be observed are positioned in the sample chamber and on a surface with hydrophobicity in the window sheet II, an air inlet of the drying chamber and an air outlet of the humidifying chamber are respectively connected with an air vent of the sample chamber through pipelines, a switching valve is arranged on the pipelines, a light source is positioned outside the sample chamber and corresponds to the window sheet II, a mobile phone is positioned outside the sample chamber and a camera of the mobile phone corresponds to the window sheet I; when the mobile phone is matched with the micro-optical amplification system for use, the micro-optical amplification system is positioned between the mobile phone and the window piece I;
the window sheet II is a transparent glass sheet with the thickness not exceeding 1mm and at least one surface having hydrophobicity or a transparent organic film with at least one surface having hydrophobicity, and the organic film is a polyethylene film or a poly-perfluoroethylene propylene film;
the mobile phone further comprises an image recognition application program for recognizing aerosol particles in the dehumidification and humidification processes to obtain radius and area recognition data of the particles in the video; wherein, 7 aerosol droplets 11 are selected AS the study object, 22 humidity points are selected for calculation in the dehumidification process, and 7 humidity points are selected for calculation in the rising process, and GF values of AS aerosol droplets under different RH can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein GF is a quality growth factor, GF 0 A certain known quality growth factor; based on the above, the GF value of AS aerosol liquid drops under different relative humidity can be calculated through the actually measured AS aerosol particle radius r; here, the quality growth factor is based on the reference value GF 0 Its corresponding density ρ 0 Radius r 0 The AS aerosol particle density ρ at actual relative humidity was obtained from the E-AIM model.
2. The mobile phone type PM2.5 observation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: when shooting is carried out by using a mobile phone or a mobile phone and a microscopic optical amplifying system, the relative error of the measurement of the radius size of aerosol particles is not more than 5%.
3. The mobile phone type PM2.5 observation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drying chamber is filled with a drying agent having an adsorption effect on water.
4. A handset PM2.5 observation device according to claim 3, wherein: the drying agent is silica gel, anhydrous calcium chloride or molecular sieve.
5. The mobile phone type PM2.5 observation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the humidifying chamber is filled with water or a water-absorbing material after water absorption, and the water-absorbing material is a material capable of releasing water in an atmospheric environment after water absorption.
6. The mobile phone type PM2.5 observation apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: the humidifying chamber is filled with absorbent cotton, absorbent non-absorbent common cotton, absorbent fibrous absorbent cotton or absorbent sponge.
7. The mobile phone type PM2.5 observation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the window sheet I is a transparent glass sheet or a transparent organic film with the thickness not exceeding 1 mm.
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