CN113431680A - Full-period acquisition and instantaneous speed calculation method of engine monitoring signals based on tooth pulse of tooth-lacking fluted disc - Google Patents

Full-period acquisition and instantaneous speed calculation method of engine monitoring signals based on tooth pulse of tooth-lacking fluted disc Download PDF

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CN113431680A
CN113431680A CN202110553191.4A CN202110553191A CN113431680A CN 113431680 A CN113431680 A CN 113431680A CN 202110553191 A CN202110553191 A CN 202110553191A CN 113431680 A CN113431680 A CN 113431680A
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tooth
signal
gear
engine
pulse
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CN113431680B (en
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张进杰
常坤
茆志伟
赵南洋
江志农
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/08—Safety, indicating or supervising devices

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for collecting an engine monitoring signal in a whole period and calculating an instantaneous rotating speed based on a gear pulse of a gear lacking gear. The whole-period acquisition of the engine monitoring signals plays an important role in analyzing and evaluating the running state of the engine and diagnosing mechanical faults. Aiming at the problem that key phase signals of an actual engine are difficult to install, a non-contact sensor is adopted to monitor pulse signals of a fluted disc gear of the engine, and a relation between the pulse signals and the position of a piston of the engine is established based on tooth missing of the fluted disc; the method has the advantages that the missing tooth position is accurately obtained by processing the pulse signal, and the whole period processing of the vibration signal acquired by the synchronous signal can be further completed based on the corresponding relation between the missing tooth position and the position of the engine piston; meanwhile, aiming at the problem that instantaneous rotating speed calculation is wrong due to the tooth missing signals, the number of the missing teeth is calculated by utilizing the known signals, virtual pulses are generated, and the instantaneous rotating speed signals are calibrated.

Description

Full-period acquisition and instantaneous speed calculation method of engine monitoring signals based on tooth pulse of tooth-lacking fluted disc
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engine fault monitoring and diagnosis, and relates to a method for collecting an engine monitoring signal in a whole period and calculating an instantaneous rotating speed based on gear pulse of a gear lacking gear.
Background
The ignition process of all cylinders of the piston engine has the characteristic of periodic cycle, and the whole-period acquisition of signals of vibration, instantaneous rotating speed and the like of the engine is based on analyzing the running state of the engine. After the whole period of acquisition is carried out, the monitoring signal can be associated with the running position of the piston in the cylinder, so that the relationship between the signal and the physical processes such as ignition in the cylinder, opening and closing of a valve and the like can be accurately obtained. The existing monitoring system mainly obtains the start point and the end point of a full-period signal by additionally installing a key phase sensor on a unit, the key phase sensor usually needs to process a key phase groove or a key phase block at the free end or the output end of an engine, and obtains a key phase pulse signal as the starting reference of the full period through an eddy current or other non-contact sensors. However, because the engine has a compact structure, the space for installing the sensor on site is very limited, and the key phase sensor cannot be installed, the whole period of acquisition of the monitoring signal of the engine cannot be completed, and the fault monitoring and diagnosis are made to be difficult remarkably.
The engine fluted disc is a conventional part of an engine, is usually arranged at the driving end of a crankshaft, and is provided with a mounting position of a sensor in advance on a machine body, and is used for monitoring a gear rotation signal to obtain the engine rotation speed. However, the teeth on the toothed disc of most engines are uniformly distributed, and the pulse signals of the teeth cannot be used for positioning after the toothed disc rotates. Therefore, the marking of the position of the engine cylinder can be performed by destroying the specific gear or machining the specific gear less. But at the same time, the non-uniform change of the gear tooth pulse signals is also brought, so that the instantaneous rotating speed of the engine cannot be accurately obtained, and the problem also occurs when the tooth breaking fault occurs to the fluted disc. Therefore, the method for collecting the whole period of the engine monitoring signal and calculating the instantaneous rotating speed based on the gear pulse of the gear-lacking fluted disc is provided, the gear pulse signal of the gear-lacking fluted disc is monitored through a non-contact sensor, the gear-lacking signal is used as a key phase, and the instantaneous rotating speed is calculated, so that the method has good engineering application value on the whole period signal collection and the instantaneous rotating speed calculation of an actual engine.
The method searches for the published documents and patents of the current engine whole-cycle signal acquisition and instantaneous rotating speed research, and the specific reports are as follows: the dong-Liang et al put forward a method for calibrating the phase of the whole cycle of a reciprocating compressor signal based on similarity analysis, which utilizes the characteristic of the periodic variation of the whole cycle signal of the reciprocating compressor to process the whole cycle signal according to the characteristic of similar fixed angle characteristics; the Van Zhengtian et al uses instantaneous rotating speed pulse signals to perform angular domain conversion on time domain signals of a whole period of a diesel engine based on the characteristic that angle differences among teeth of a fluted disc are equal; the method comprises the steps that the blue sea intensity carries out whole-period extraction on an engine monitoring signal through known sampling frequency, sampling point number and rotating speed parameters; shushuiheiliang et al calculates instantaneous rotating speed in the running process of an engine by extracting pulse signals of external teeth of three adjacent gear rings and combining angle intervals among all the teeth so as to obtain the fluctuation trend of the instantaneous rotating speed; liuxinghua et al determines the position of the missing tooth of the fluted disc by calculating the instantaneous speed ratio of two adjacent teeth, and further determines the position of the top dead center of the engine; as can be seen from the above published reports, there have been studies on the whole-cycle acquisition and signal angle calibration by the instantaneous rotation speed, and also studies on the whole-cycle calibration of signals by the characteristics of the similarity of the signals themselves. Repeated studies with the present invention have not been seen.
Disclosure of Invention
1. The method for collecting the whole period of the engine monitoring signal and calculating the instantaneous rotating speed based on the gear pulse of the gear lacking gear disc is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) fixing a vibration acceleration sensor base on the upper surface of an engine cylinder cover, and installing a vibration acceleration sensor by adopting a transfer screw; installing an instantaneous rotating speed sensor on a flywheel fluted disc of an engine and directly facing to the tooth crest plane of the fluted disc;
(2) collecting and obtaining vibration acceleration signals S of surface of engine cylinder coverVPulse signal S of tooth teeth of gear with fluted discMThe gear tooth pulse signal is a signal generated when each gear tooth on the flywheel fluted disc passes through the sensor in the rotation process of the crankshaft; setting the highest rotation speed of the engine as omega, the whole cycle stroke as N, and the data acquisition sampling rate as fsThe number of sampling points at one time of single measuring point of acceleration and gear tooth pulse signal is not less than 60 · N · fs/ω；
(3) Pulse signal S of gear teeth of counter-gearMPerforming derivation processing to obtain a first derivative signal SM', twoThe first derivative signal SMRecord the negative point in the first derivative from positive to negative and its index maxjWhen the serial number maxjWhen the corresponding second derivative is negative, the pulse signal SMMedium serial number maxjIs a local maximum, traverses the signal SMObtaining all local maximum sets SMmaxMeter SMmaxThe number of the elements in (1) is J, and the element pair is SMmaxThe j-th element is calculated and the total number NUM of the elements is not less than the j-th elementMmaxjWhen NUMMmaxjWhen the content of the element is less than or equal to 90 percent, the size S of the element is recordedMmaxj；
(4) Note SMmaxj1/3 and rounded to M13Will signal SMAll of which are less than M1/3Is uniformly set to M13Then to the signal SMAll values and M13Difference is made to form a new signal MchaGo through MchaValue, record all data points from zero to positive, find it at MchaThe sequence number in (1) is recorded to form a sequence number array K1(ii) a Traverse MchaThe value records all data points that change from positive to zero, found at MchaThe sequence number in (1) is recorded to form a sequence number array K2(ii) a Meter K1、K2The data amount of (2) is k;
(5) to K1、K2Calculating the average value between each group of elements to form a new sequence K3，
Figure BDA0003076078130000031
And rounded off, i ∈ [1, k ]](ii) a According to the symmetry of the tooth structure, K3Each element value in the sequence is a specific data point corresponding to the tooth top center point of each gear tooth; at the same time, calculate K3The difference between adjacent elements in the sequence K4，K4(ii)＝K3(i+1)-K3(i),ii∈[1,k-1](ii) a Ask for K4Average of all elements of the sequence, as
Figure BDA0003076078130000032
(6) Comparison K4(ii) And K4aveIf K is present4(ii) Ratio K4aveGreater than 50%, i.e. pulse signal SMK of3(i +1) th point and K3(i) There are missing teeth between points, the number S of which is equal to
Figure BDA0003076078130000033
Then, rounding; if K is not present4(ii) Ratio K4aveIf the gear is 50% or more, the gear does not have missing teeth;
(7) to cylinder cover surface vibration acceleration signal SVPulse signal S of tooth of harmonic gearMAIntercepting the whole period and calculating the instantaneous speed signal SW；
(8) For the condition of the corresponding relation between the tooth missing position of the known gear and the position of the engine piston, further carrying out vibration acceleration signal S on the surface of the cylinder coverVAnd an instantaneous speed signal SWPerforming time domain and angular domain conversion;
2. further, the array K in the step (4)1、K2The calculation method of the medium element comprises the following steps:
(1) traverse MchaFinding data points with the numerical value changed from zero to positive value, recording the sequence number corresponding to the zero point and forming a sequence number array K if the three continuous points are all positive values1(ii) a Finding out the data point with the first group of values changed from positive value to zero, if the three successive values are all zero, recording the sequence number corresponding to the first zero point, and forming a sequence number array K2；
(2) Comparison K1、K2First value, when K1(1) Greater than K2(1) Then, it is to K2(1) Do give up, K2All values in the series are forward-stepped by one bit, i.e. K2(i)＝K2(i +1), and discard K2Last bit of the first and K1Last one in, ensure K1、K2The data volume is consistent.
3. Further, the method for calculating the instantaneous rotating speed and the whole-period interception in the step (7) comprises the following steps:
(1) if missing teeth exist, pulse signal is detectedNumber MchaPerforming virtual midpoint supplement of the tooth-lacking part when the K th3(i +1) th point and K3(i) There are missing teeth between points, number Z of missing teethLack ofWhen the virtual midpoint of the z-th missing tooth is
Figure BDA0003076078130000041
And get integer, Z belongs to [1, Z ]Lack of](ii) a Supplementing the virtual midpoint value to the original K3In the sequence, a gear tooth pulse signal midpoint sequence without missing teeth is obtained;
(2) calculating the tooth number of the gear disc under the state of no missing tooth according to the angle theta of the adjacent gears of the gear disc of the engine, and recording as ZTooth(ii) a For sequence K3Recording the corresponding value K of the first tooth center point3(1) And a first
Figure BDA0003076078130000042
Value corresponding to the middle point of tooth
Figure BDA0003076078130000043
To cylinder cover surface acceleration signal SVPulse signal S of tooth of harmonic gearMAIntercepting the Kth signal of each measuring point3(1) To
Figure BDA0003076078130000044
The data between the two signals is the whole period data of the acceleration signal of the surface of the engine cylinder cover and the pulse signal of the gear teeth of the fluted disc;
(3) for sequence K3Calculating the difference between each adjacent data, namely
Figure BDA0003076078130000045
The instantaneous rotational speed data is
Figure BDA0003076078130000046
4. Further, the signal time domain and angular domain conversion calculation method in the step (8) comprises the following steps:
(1) recording the crank angle of the first ignition cylinder piston of the engine at the top dead center moment as 0 degree, wherein the angle difference between the known gear missing tooth virtual pulse midpoint position and the crank angle of the first ignition cylinder piston of the engine at the top dead center moment is V alpha;
(2) according to the virtual pulse peak of missing tooth in the sequence K3To determine the 1 st to the 1 st
Figure BDA0003076078130000047
The angle of the corner corresponding to the middle point of the tooth is recorded as the virtual middle point of the missing tooth
Figure BDA0003076078130000048
The crank angle corresponding to the middle point of the i + a th pulse is V alpha + theta-a, namely the data S in the acceleration signal of the cylinder head surfaceV(K3(i + a)), and the instantaneous rotational speed SW(i + a) the corresponding crank angle is V alpha + theta-a; for data S in cylinder cover surface acceleration signalV(K3(i + a)) and SV(K3(i + a +1)) equally dividing the angle theta according to the uniform speed, and dividing the crank angle position corresponding to the jth point
Figure BDA0003076078130000051
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of pulse monitoring of a gear lacking gear
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulse signal of a normal tooth of a tooth-lacking gear
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pulse of the normal teeth of the tooth-lacking gear and the virtual pulse signal of the tooth-lacking portion
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the periodic collection of vibration signals and pulse signals of a sprocket
FIG. 5 shows the waveform of the error in calculating the instantaneous speed of the gear-lacking gear plate of the engine
FIG. 6 shows the correct waveform of the engine after the instantaneous rotation speed of the tooth-lacking gear disc is calculated and corrected
FIG. 7 waveform of vibration signal after angular domain conversion
FIG. 8 is a graph of the waveform of the angular domain converted instantaneous speed signal
Detailed Description
In the state monitoring work of the piston engine, vibration signal monitoring and instantaneous rotating speed monitoring are important means, and the engine work has the characteristic of periodic circulation, so that the whole-period processing of signal acquisition is conventional operation. The invention uses a non-contact sensor, can adopt an eddy current or magnetoelectric sensor as an instantaneous rotating speed sensor, is arranged at the radial position of a fluted disc by a reserved hole of an engine body and the like, and monitors pulse signals of the fluted disc and teeth, as shown in figure 1. The monitored pulse signals are accessed to a data acquisition unit through a cable and are processed, and then the processed pulse signals can be stored in a server for subsequent processing.
The base of the vibration acceleration sensor is fixed on the upper surface of the engine cylinder cover, the vibration acceleration sensor is installed by adopting the switching screw, acceleration vibration signals and the gear tooth pulse signals are synchronously collected, the time consistency among different signal sampling points is ensured, and a foundation is laid for the subsequent whole-period signal processing. The selected research object of the invention is a 4-stroke 8-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine, the output end of the engine is provided with a fluted disc, 141 original gear teeth are arranged on the fluted disc, 140 teeth are arranged after one gear tooth is damaged, and when the damaged teeth rotate to the position of a sensor, a piston of a first ignition cylinder of the engine moves to an upper dead point.
The sampling frequency of the data acquisition unit is set to 51200, the rotating speed is set to 1000r/min, the number of sampling points at one time of single measuring point of acceleration and gear tooth pulse signals is not less than
Figure BDA0003076078130000052
The single tooth pulse data collected is shown in fig. 2.
Pulse signal S of tooth-lacking gear discMAs shown in fig. 3, the acquired pulse signals are arranged in sequence with time variation. The current selection test is carried out on the eddy current sensor, the signal output range is about 0 to-20V, the sensor is about 1mm away from the tooth crest surface during initial installation, the voltage is-10V, when the sensor is aligned to the tooth bottom, the signal is changed into-20V, and a pulse signal S is carried out on the tooth teeth of the fluted discMPerforming derivation processing to obtain a first derivative signal SM', second derivative signal SMRecord the negative point in the first derivative from positive to negative and its index maxjWhen the serial number maxjWhen the corresponding second derivative is negative, the pulse signal SMMedium serial number maxjIs a local maximum. Traverse signal SMObtaining all local maximum sets SMmaxMeter SMmaxThe number of the elements in (1) is J, and the element pair is SMmaxThe j-th element is calculated and the total number NUM of the elements is not less than the j-th elementMmaxjWhen NUMMmaxjWhen the content of the element is less than or equal to 90 percent, the size S of the element is recordedMmaxj. The purpose of the above processing is to solve the problem that the pulse signal has different fluctuation due to the vibration of the gear shaft, which affects the selection of the subsequent pulse judgment threshold value. Through the processing, the minimum value of the pulse under the condition of shaft vibration is obtained, and the reasonability of selecting the threshold value is ensured according to the minimum value.
Note SMmaxj1/3 and rounded to M13Will signal SMAll of which are less than M13Is uniformly set to M13Then to the signal SMAll values and M13Difference is made to form a new signal MchaGo through MchaValue, record all data points from zero to positive, find it at MchaThe sequence number in (1) is recorded to form a sequence number array K1(ii) a Traverse MchaThe value records all data points that change from positive to zero, found at MchaThe sequence number in (1) is recorded to form a sequence number array K2；K1、K2The amount of data of (2) is 140.
K1、K2In the calculation method, a key point is that the numerical value of only one point cannot be seen, the change rule of a plurality of points needs to be tracked more, and calculation errors caused by data fluctuation or abnormity are avoided, so that the M is traversedchaThe value K is determined by reading the value change of 3 points1、K2The position of (a).
To K1、K2Calculating the average value between each group of elements to form a new sequence K3，
Figure BDA0003076078130000061
And get integer, i ∈ [1,140 ]]；K3Each element value in the sequence is each pulse signalThe pulse midpoint corresponds to the specific point number in the data group; at the same time, calculate K3The difference between adjacent elements in the sequence K4，K4(ii)＝K3(i+1)-K3(i),ii∈[1,139](ii) a Ask for K4Average of all elements of the sequence, as
Figure BDA0003076078130000071
This value was calculated to be 22.
Comparison K4(ii) And K4aveIf K is present4(ii) Ratio K4aveGreater than 50%, i.e. pulse signal SMK of3(i +1) th point and K3(i) There are missing teeth between points, the number S of which is equal to
Figure BDA0003076078130000072
Then, rounding; after processing, the method of the invention processes the actual engine pulse signal to obtain the missing tooth number of 1, and the actual tooth numbers of the fluted discs are consistent.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, since the vibration signal and the pulse signal adopt a multi-channel data synchronous acquisition technology, the interval between the signal points and the start time are consistent, and the whole period can be corrected by the pulse signal. The method comprises the following specific steps:
for pulse signal SMAPerforming virtual midpoint supplement of the tooth-lacking part when the K th3(i +1) th point and K3(i) There are missing teeth between points, number Z of missing teethLack ofWhen the virtual midpoint of the z-th missing tooth is
Figure BDA0003076078130000073
And get integer, Z belongs to [1, Z ]Lack of](ii) a Supplementing the virtual midpoint value to the original K3In the sequence, a gear tooth pulse signal midpoint sequence without missing teeth is obtained.
According to the angle theta of adjacent gears of the gear disc of the engine, the angle is at the moment
Figure BDA0003076078130000074
Degree, under the state of no missing tooth calculatedNumber of teeth of gear disc, denoted ZTooth141 for sequence K3Recording the corresponding value K of the first tooth center point3(1) And the value K corresponding to the 283 th midpoint3(283) To cylinder head surface acceleration signal SVPulse signal S of tooth of harmonic gearMAIntercepting the Kth signal of each measuring point3(1) To K3(283) The data between the two signals is the whole period data of the acceleration signal of the surface of the engine cylinder cover and the pulse signal of the gear teeth of the gear.
The key to the above process is, firstly, the synchronicity between the vibration signal and the pulse signal; secondly, the relevance between the tooth-missing position and the piston position ensures that the two pulse signals can realize the whole-period processing of the monitoring signal through the pulse signal of the tooth-missing.
Further, for sequence K3Calculating the difference between each adjacent data, namely K3(i+1)-K3(i),i∈[1,282](ii) a The instantaneous rotational speed data is
Figure BDA0003076078130000075
It should be noted that, in the conventional instantaneous rotational speed calculation method, the influence of missing teeth is not considered, and only instantaneous rotational speed calculation is performed on adjacent peaks and troughs of a pulse signal, when missing teeth exist, an angle corresponding to a position of the missing teeth is not changed by default, but the signal duration is increased, so that the actually calculated instantaneous rotational speed suddenly drops, and an error is caused, as shown in fig. 5. The present invention avoids the above-described errors based on the generation of missing tooth pulse signals and virtual pulses, and the recalculated instantaneous rotational speed waveform is shown in fig. 6.
Finally, on the basis of the above processing, the vibration acceleration signal S of the cylinder cover surface is further processedVAnd an instantaneous speed signal SWAnd performing time domain and angular domain conversion. Recording the crank angle of the first ignition cylinder piston of the engine at the top dead center moment as 0 degree, wherein the angle difference between the known gear missing tooth virtual pulse midpoint position and the crank angle of the first ignition cylinder piston of the engine at the top dead center moment is V alpha; for this actual calculation object, V α is 0 because the missing tooth position and the piston position have already been subjected to the correlation processing. According to the virtual pulse midpoint of missing toothIn the sequence K3Determining the rotation angle corresponding to the middle point of the 1 st to 283 th teeth, and recording the middle point of the virtual pulse of the missing tooth as K3(i),i∈[1,283]If the crank angle corresponding to the middle point of the i + a th pulse is V alpha + theta-a, namely the data S in the acceleration signal of the cylinder head surfaceV(K3(i + a)), and the instantaneous rotational speed SW(i + a) the corresponding crank angle is V alpha + theta-a; for data S in cylinder cover surface acceleration signalV(K3(i + a)) and SV(K3(i + a +1)) equally dividing the angle according to the uniform speed
Figure BDA0003076078130000081
Degree, crank angle position corresponding to j point
Figure BDA0003076078130000082
The waveform after the angular domain conversion of the vibration signal is shown in fig. 7, and the waveform after the instantaneous rotational speed conversion is shown in fig. 8.

Claims (4)

1. The method for collecting the whole period of the engine monitoring signal and calculating the instantaneous rotating speed based on the gear pulse of the gear lacking gear disc is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) fixing a vibration acceleration sensor base on the upper surface of an engine cylinder cover, and installing a vibration acceleration sensor by adopting a transfer screw; installing an instantaneous rotating speed sensor on a flywheel fluted disc of an engine and directly facing to the tooth crest plane of the fluted disc;
(2) collecting and obtaining vibration acceleration signals S of surface of engine cylinder coverVPulse signal S of tooth teeth of gear with fluted discMThe gear tooth pulse signal is a signal generated when each gear tooth on the flywheel fluted disc passes through the sensor in the rotation process of the crankshaft; setting the highest rotation speed of the engine as omega, the whole cycle stroke as N, and the data acquisition sampling rate as fsThe number of sampling points at one time of single measuring point of acceleration and gear tooth pulse signal is not less than 60 · N · fs/ω；
(3) Pulse signal S of gear teeth of counter-gearMPerforming derivation processing to obtain a first derivative signal SM', second derivative signal SMRecord the first derivative from positiveNegative point of transition to negative and its serial number maxjWhen the serial number maxjWhen the corresponding second derivative is negative, the pulse signal SMMedium serial number maxjIs a local maximum, traverses the signal SMObtaining all local maximum sets SMmaxMeter SMmaxThe number of the elements in (1) is J, and the element pair is SMmaxThe j-th element is calculated and the total number NUM of the elements is not less than the j-th elementMmaxjWhen NUMMmaxjWhen the content of the element is less than or equal to 90 percent, the size S of the element is recordedMmaxj；
(4) Note SMmaxj1/3 and rounded to M1/3Will signal SMAll of which are less than M1/3Is uniformly set to M1/3Then to the signal SMAll values and M1/3Difference is made to form a new signal MchaGo through MchaValue, record all data points from zero to positive, find it at MchaThe sequence number in (1) is recorded to form a sequence number array K1(ii) a Traverse MchaThe value records all data points that change from positive to zero, found at MchaThe sequence number in (1) is recorded to form a sequence number array K2(ii) a Meter K1、K2The data amount of (2) is k;
(5) to K1、K2Calculating the average value between each group of elements to form a new sequence K3，
Figure FDA0003076078120000011
And rounded off, i ∈ [1, k ]](ii) a According to the symmetry of the tooth structure, K3Each element value in the sequence is a specific data point corresponding to the tooth top center point of each gear tooth; at the same time, calculate K3The difference between adjacent elements in the sequence K4，K4(ii)＝K3(i+1)-K3(i),ii∈[1,k-1](ii) a Ask for K4Average of all elements of the sequence, as
Figure FDA0003076078120000021
(6) Comparison K4(ii) And K4aveIf K is present4(ii) Ratio K4aveGreater than 50%, i.e. pulse signal SMK of3(i +1) th point and K3(i) There are missing teeth between points, the number S of which is equal to
Figure FDA0003076078120000022
Then, rounding; if K is not present4(ii) Ratio K4aveIf the gear is 50% or more, the gear does not have missing teeth;
(7) to cylinder cover surface vibration acceleration signal SVPulse signal S of tooth of harmonic gearMAIntercepting the whole period and calculating the instantaneous speed signal SW；
(8) For the condition of the corresponding relation between the tooth missing position of the known gear and the position of the engine piston, further carrying out vibration acceleration signal S on the surface of the cylinder coverVAnd an instantaneous speed signal SWAnd performing time domain and angular domain conversion.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4) array K1、K2The calculation method of the medium element comprises the following steps:
(1) traverse MchaFinding data points with the numerical value changed from zero to positive value, recording the sequence number corresponding to the zero point and forming a sequence number array K if the three continuous points are all positive values1(ii) a Finding out the data point with the first group of values changed from positive value to zero, if the three successive values are all zero, recording the sequence number corresponding to the first zero point, and forming a sequence number array K2；
(2) Comparison K1、K2First value, when K1(1) Greater than K2(1) Then, it is to K2(1) Do give up, K2All values in the series are forward-stepped by one bit, i.e. K2(i)＝K2(i +1), and discard K2Last bit of the first and K1Last one in, ensure K1、K2The data volume is consistent.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (7) of the whole cycle intercept and instantaneous speed calculation method comprises:
(1) if missing teeth exist, pulse signal M is subjected tochaPerforming virtual midpoint supplement of the tooth-lacking part when the K th3(i +1) th point and K3(i) There are missing teeth between points, number Z of missing teethLack ofWhen the virtual midpoint of the z-th missing tooth is
Figure FDA0003076078120000031
And get integer, Z belongs to [1, Z ]Lack of](ii) a Supplementing the virtual midpoint value to the original K3In the sequence, a gear tooth pulse signal midpoint sequence without missing teeth is obtained;
(2) calculating the tooth number of the gear disc under the state of no missing tooth according to the angle theta of the adjacent gears of the gear disc of the engine, and recording as ZTooth(ii) a For sequence K3Recording the corresponding value K of the first tooth center point3(1) And a first
Figure FDA0003076078120000032
Value corresponding to the middle point of tooth
Figure FDA0003076078120000033
To cylinder cover surface acceleration signal SVPulse signal S of tooth of harmonic gearMAIntercepting the Kth signal of each measuring point3(1) To
Figure FDA0003076078120000034
The data between the two signals is the whole period data of the acceleration signal of the surface of the engine cylinder cover and the pulse signal of the gear teeth of the fluted disc;
(3) for sequence K3Calculating the difference between each adjacent data, namely K3(i+1)-K3(i),
Figure FDA0003076078120000035
The instantaneous rotational speed data is
Figure FDA0003076078120000036
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the time-domain and angular-domain transform computation of the signal in step (8) comprises:
(1) recording the crank angle of the first ignition cylinder piston of the engine at the top dead center moment as 0 degree, wherein the angle difference between the known gear missing tooth virtual pulse midpoint position and the crank angle of the first ignition cylinder piston of the engine at the top dead center moment is V alpha;
(2) according to the virtual pulse peak of missing tooth in the sequence K3To determine the 1 st to the 1 st
Figure FDA0003076078120000037
The angle of the corner corresponding to the middle point of the tooth is recorded as K3(i),
Figure FDA0003076078120000038
The crank angle corresponding to the middle point of the i + a th pulse is V alpha + theta-a, namely the data S in the acceleration signal of the cylinder head surfaceV(K3(i + a)), and the instantaneous rotational speed SW(i + a) the corresponding crank angle is V alpha + theta-a; for data S in cylinder cover surface acceleration signalV(K3(i + a)) and SV(K3(i + a +1)) equally dividing the angle theta according to the uniform speed, and dividing the crank angle position corresponding to the jth point
Figure FDA0003076078120000041
j∈[1,K3(i+a+1)-K3(i+a)]。
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