CN113430565B - Method for preparing carbon-based transition metal nano composite catalyst from tremella - Google Patents

Method for preparing carbon-based transition metal nano composite catalyst from tremella Download PDF

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CN113430565B
CN113430565B CN202110666720.1A CN202110666720A CN113430565B CN 113430565 B CN113430565 B CN 113430565B CN 202110666720 A CN202110666720 A CN 202110666720A CN 113430565 B CN113430565 B CN 113430565B
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carbon
npc
tfu
tremella
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CN113430565A (en
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何纯挺
章佳
孙榕智
杨莉
丁立稳
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Jiangxi Normal University
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    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing a biomass carbon nano composite material by utilizing tremella and application of the biomass carbon nano composite material in the field of energy catalysis. According to the invention, tremella is used as a precursor for the first time, and the carbon-based transition metal nanocomposite material X/NPC-Tfu is obtained by firstly soaking in a metal salt aqueous solution and then soaking in a KOH solution, carrying out vacuum freeze drying, and then pyrolyzing in an inert atmosphere. The prepared biomass carbon nano composite material has high phosphorus content of about 0.3wt%, the appearance is an ultrathin nanosheet with the thickness of 2-3 nm, and the specific surface area is higher than 300m 2 And/g, the supported metal nanoparticles are highly uniformly distributed, and the average particle size is less than 10nm. The carbon-based nano composite catalyst has the advantages of simple preparation method and low cost, can be synthesized in a large scale, has high potential industrial application value in the field of energy catalysis, and can be used for electrocatalytic water decomposition, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction and various organic catalytic reactions.

Description

Method for preparing carbon-based transition metal nano composite catalyst from tremella
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nano material preparation and energy catalysis, in particular to synthesis of a biomass-derived carbon-based nano composite material and application of the biomass-derived carbon-based nano composite material as an electrocatalytic water decomposition catalyst.
Background
The nano material has ultrahigh specific surface area and obvious size effect, can provide sufficient surface reaction active sites for catalytic reaction, and is beneficial to adsorption of reactants and desorption of intermediate products and final products in the reaction process, so that the nano material is widely applied to the field of catalysis, such as thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis and the like. The carbon-based nano material has the advantages of low cost, abundant and easily available raw material sources, good conductivity, large specific surface area, stable chemical performance and the like, and is always a hot spot of current basic and application research. Since the 21 st century, most of the carbon-based materials are synthesized from fossil fuels such as methane, asphalt and ethanol, and the synthesis process requires harsh or expensive experimental conditions or experimental equipment (such as chemical vapor deposition, arc discharge technology, etc.), or toxic and harmful reagents are added in the process of synthesizing the carbon-based materials.
In recent years, research to develop and utilize biomass to produce carbon-based composites has received increasing attention due to the abundant carbon content and unique microstructure of biomass. The biomass carbon-based composite material is applied to the fields of energy, environment, catalysis and the like, so that biomass resources can be effectively utilized, and the economic added value of the biomass can be improved. Compared with the traditional carbon material preparation method, the method for directly preparing the nano catalyst by using the biomass has the following advantages: rich resources, low cost, green and simple synthesis method and contribution to large-scale production. In the process of preparing the biomass carbon, the original special microstructure of the biomass can be reserved, meanwhile, heteroatoms such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like can be introduced in situ when the biomass is used for synthesizing the carbon material, and the electronic structure and the physical and chemical properties of the carbon material can be effectively regulated and controlled. Therefore, the biomass-derived carbon-based nano composite catalyst with practical value is prepared by applying the new technology and the new method and utilizing the advantages of the interdisciplinary disciplines and screening proper biomass as a precursor, the cost of the catalyst is reduced, and the catalyst has inexplicable practical significance for promoting industrial production in the field of energy catalysis.
The smaller the size of the nanomaterial, the higher the dispersion of the material, and the higher its catalytic activity tends to be. However, the existing biomass-derived carbon-based metal composite material is often loaded with metal particles with large sizes (larger than 50 nm) and insufficient uniform distribution, which directly influences the performance of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for synthesizing biomass-derived carbon-based transition metal nanocomposite by using tremella.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for synthesizing carbon-based transition metal nanocomposite by using tremella comprises the following steps of soaking dried tremella in 0.1-0.5 mol/L metal salt solution for 1-2 days to enrich metal ions in the tremella; cleaning and airing the surface of the tremella rich in metal ions, soaking the tremella in 0.1-0.5 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution for 1-2 days, quickly freezing the tremella in liquid nitrogen, and freeze-drying the tremella in a vacuum freeze dryer for 1-2 days; and finally, heating the freeze-dried sample to 800-1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min in the inert atmosphere of a tube furnace, keeping the temperature for 2h, naturally cooling to room temperature, and carrying out pyrolysis annealing to obtain the metal composite nano material X/NPC-Tfu (X = Fe, co, ni, cu, mo and the like) with uniform distribution and small size loaded by biomass carbon.
Preferably, the metal salt solution relates to a metal salt species including a metal nitrate, a metal acetate or a metal chloride.
Preferably, the metal species involved in the metal salt solution comprises Fe, co, ni, cu or Mo transition metals.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the carbon-based transition metal nano composite material prepared by the method in the field of energy catalysis; includes water decomposition, oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO) 2 RR) and various organic catalytic reactions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, tremella is selected as a precursor for preparing the biomass carbon material for the first time;
(2) The biomass carbon nanocomposite prepared by the invention has a high phosphorus content of about 0.3 wt%;
(3) The biomass carbon nanocomposite prepared by the method is an ultrathin nanosheet with the shape of about 3 nm;
(4) The specific surface area of the biomass carbon nano composite material prepared by the invention is higher than 300m 2 /g；
(5) The biomass carbon nano composite material prepared by the invention has uniformly distributed nano particles loaded, and the average particle size is less than 10nm;
(6) The preparation method is simple and can be used for mass preparation;
(7) The preparation cost of the invention is low, taking Co/NPC-Tfu as an example, the cost of Co/NPC-Tfu is only 3.5 yuan/gram, which is about the RuO of the current commercial catalyst 2 One two hundredth of the price, and has high potential industrial application value;
(8) The Co/NPC-Tfu prepared by the method shows excellent OER catalytic performance, and in a classical three-electrode system with 1.0M KOH electrolyte, a sample can drive 10 mA-cm on a glassy carbon electrode only by 254mV overpotential -2 The current density of (1) is that only 198mV of overpotential is needed on the copper foam carrier electrode to drive 10mA cm -2 The current density of (a);
(9) The nickel nano material Ni/NPC-Tfu prepared by the method has good HER electrocatalytic performance, and can drive 10mA cm in 1.0M KOH on a glassy carbon electrode by only 198mV overpotential -2 Current density of (d);
(10) Co/NPC-Tfu is used as an anode catalyst, ni/NPC-Tfu is used as a cathode catalyst, and the electrocatalytic water decomposition can reach 10mA cm only by 1.56V voltage -2 Current density of (d);
(11) The biomass carbon nano composite material prepared by the invention has high potential application value in the field of energy catalysis, and can be used for other materials such as ORR and CO 2 RR and various organic catalytic reactions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Co/NPC-Tfu of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of Co/NPC-Tfu of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an atomic force microscope image of Co/NPC-Tfu of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a transmission electron microscope photograph of Co/NPC-Tfu according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the adsorption curve and pore size distribution of Co/NPC-Tfu nitrogen gas according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a plot of OER linear sweep voltammetry curves for Co/NPC-Tfu of the present invention on glassy carbon and copper foam, respectively, and for copper foam.
FIG. 7 is a graph of Co/NPC-Tfu Tafel curves of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows that Co/NPC-Tfu of the present invention is at 10mA cm -2 Constant current electrowinning at current density.
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the electrochemical specific surface area of Co/NPC-Tfu of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a Co/NPC-Tfu electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Ni/NPC-Tfu of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a transmission electron microscope photograph of Ni/NPC-Tfu of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a graph of HER linear sweep voltammetry on glassy carbon for Ni/NPC-Tfu of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a plot of linear sweep voltammetry for electrocatalytic total hydrolysis using Co/NPC-Tfu as the anode OER electrocatalyst and Ni/NPC-Tfu as the cathode HER electrocatalyst according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1 preparation of Co/NPC-Tfu
The dried tremella is put into 0.1 to 0.5mol/L cobalt nitrate solution to be soaked for 1 to 2 days, the tremella is taken out, surface water is wiped, and the tremella is transferred into 500mL 0.1 to 0.5mol/L potassium hydroxide solution to be soaked for 1 to 2 days. And taking out, wiping off water, quickly freezing in liquid nitrogen, and freeze-drying in a freeze dryer for 1-2 days. And finally, heating the freeze-dried sample to 800-1000 ℃ in a tube furnace at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the sample Co/NPC-Tfu. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product is shown in figure 1; FIG. 2 shows a scanning electron microscope; FIG. 3 is an atomic force microscope image; transmission electron microscopy is shown in FIG. 4; the nitrogen adsorption curve and pore size distribution are shown in FIG. 5.
EXAMPLE 2 electro-catalytic OER Performance testing of Co/NPC-Tfu
Electrocatalytic OER performance of Co/NPC-Tfu obtained in example 1The test is carried out by adopting a classical three-electrode system on a CHI760E electrochemical workstation at normal temperature. The electrolyte was a 1.0M KOH solution. Hg/HgO and Pt sheets were used as reference and counter electrodes. 10mg of Co/NPC-Tfu is taken, 400uL of water, 200uL of n-propanol and 30uL of Nafion are added, and the mixture is dripped on a platinum carbon electrode and foam copper as a working electrode after 2 hours of ultrasonic treatment. The linear sweep voltammetry plot shown in FIG. 6 was obtained at a sweep rate of 5mV/s, where Co/NPC-Tfu was driven at 10mA cm on a platinum carbon electrode and copper foam -2 The overpotentials required for the current densities were 254mV and 198mV, respectively. The Tafel plot shown in FIG. 7 was calculated from FIG. 6, and it was found that the Tafel slope of Co/NPC-Tfu on a platinum-carbon electrode was 68.6mV dec -1 . The Co/NPC-Tfu shown in the figure 8 is electrolyzed for 25 hours, the performance is only reduced by 3.2 percent, and the stability of the Co/NPC-Tfu is proved to be good.
Example 3Co/NPC-Tfu electrochemical specific surface area test
To determine electrochemical surface area (ECSA), cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurements were used to explore the electrochemical double layer capacitance (C) of the fabricated electrodes dl ). CV was performed in a range of non-faradaic (0.93-1.03V vs RHE) sweep rates of 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160mV s -1 . A linear plot was obtained by plotting the current density at 0.98V vs RHE versus scan rate. C dl Is half the slope of the line graph and is used to represent ECSA. The electrochemical specific surface area is shown in FIG. 9.
Example 4Co/NPC-Tfu electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy testing
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were made in the frequency range of 0.01Hz to 100 kHz. The electrochemical impedance spectrum is shown in FIG. 10.
Example 5 electrocatalytic HER Performance testing of Ni/NPC-Tfu
The synthesis method of Ni/NPC-Tfu is similar to that of Co/NPC-Tfu obtained in example 1, except that the cobalt nitrate solution is replaced by a nickel nitrate solution, and other conditions are not changed. The X-ray diffraction pattern of Ni/NPC-Tfu is shown in FIG. 11, and the transmission electron microscopy pattern is shown in FIG. 12. The electrocatalytic HER performance test of Ni/NPC-Tfu also adopts a classical three-electrode system on a CHI760E electrochemical workstation at normal temperature, and carries out electrochemical test on a glassy carbon electrode. Glassy carbon electrodeThe above sample preparation method and test conditions were the same as those in example 2. FIG. 13 is a corresponding linear sweep voltammetry plot showing that Ni/NPC-Tfu is driven at 10mA cm on a platinum carbon electrode -2 The overpotential required for the current density was 198mV.
Example 6 electrocatalytic Total Water splitting Performance test of Co/NPC-Tfu and Ni/NPC-Tfu
Co/NPC-Tfu and Ni/NPC-Tfu were loaded onto copper foam in the manner described in example 2. An electrocatalytic full-hydrolysis test was performed in a 1.0M KOH solution as electrolyte using Co/NPC-Tfu as anode OER electrocatalyst and Ni/NPC-Tfu as cathode HER electrocatalyst, respectively. The test result is shown in FIG. 14, and only 1.56V is needed to reach 10mA cm -2 The current density of (2).
According to the invention, tremella with high phosphorus content is selected as a biomass precursor for the first time, and the tremella with high phosphorus content (about 0.3 wt%), ultra-thin size (2-3 nm) and high specific surface area (more than 300 m) can be prepared in a large scale by simple dipping, drying and pyrolysis methods 2 (ii)/g) carbon-based transition metal nanocomposite material X/NPC-Tfu having highly uniform distribution of metal nanoparticles and an average particle diameter of less than 10nm (X = transition metal such as Fe, co, ni, cu, mo; NPC: nitrogen-phosphorus doped carbon; tfu: latin name Tremella fuciformis (Tremella fuciformis) abbreviation). The carbon-based nano composite catalyst has the advantages of simple preparation method, low cost, suitability for large-scale synthesis, high potential industrial application value in the field of energy catalysis, and can be used for electrocatalytic water decomposition reaction, oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO) 2 RR) and various organic catalytic reactions.
Taking electrocatalytic water decomposition as an example, the technology for preparing hydrogen by electrocatalytic water decomposition has wide application prospect because hydrogen has higher energy density and is clean and environment-friendly. Water splitting involves both the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) on the cathode and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) on the anode, both of which require the introduction of a catalyst to reduce the reaction overpotential in the electrocatalytic reaction and increase the reaction efficiency. Some noble metals and their oxides are currently recognized as excellent performance catalysts for electrolysis of water. However, due to the scarcity of resources and high cost of such catalysts, their commercial application has been very largeAnd (4) limiting. The Co/NPC-Tfu has excellent OER electro-catalytic performance which is superior to that of the RuO serving as the current commercial catalyst 2 And cost only about RuO 2 1/200 of the price. Co/NPC-Tfu is used as anode OER electrocatalyst, ni/NPC-Tfu is used as cathode HER electrocatalyst, and electrocatalytic total moisture decomposition can reach 10mA cm only by 1.56V voltage -2 The current density of (2).

Claims (9)

1. A method for synthesizing a carbon-based nano composite material by utilizing tremella is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing a metal salt aqueous solution, soaking dried tremella in the metal salt aqueous solution to enrich metal ions, then transferring the tremella into a KOH solution for secondary soaking, performing vacuum freeze drying treatment after the soaking is finished, and then pyrolyzing the tremella in an inert atmosphere to obtain the carbon-based nanocomposite X/NPC-TfuWherein X is Fe, co, ni, cu or Mo; the carbon-based nanocomposite material has a phosphorus content of about 0.3 wt%; and the metal nano particles are highly uniformly distributed, and the average particle size is less than 10nm.
2. The method for synthesizing carbon-based nanocomposite according to claim 1, wherein the metal is enriched by a method of immersion in an aqueous metal salt solution involving a metal salt species comprising a metal nitrate, a metal acetate or a metal chloride.
3. The method for synthesizing a carbon-based nanocomposite according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the aqueous metal salt solution is 0.1 to 0.5 mol/L; the soaking time is 1~2 days.
4. The method for synthesizing a carbon-based nanocomposite according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the KOH solution is from 0.1 to 0.5 mol/L; the soaking time is 1~2 days.
5. The method of synthesizing a carbon-based nanocomposite according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum freeze-drying treatment time is 1~2 days.
6. The method for synthesizing a carbon-based nanocomposite according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere comprises the following specific steps: raising the temperature of the freeze-dried sample to 800-1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min in the inert atmosphere of a tubular furnace, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, and obtaining the carbon-based transition metal nanocomposite X/NPC (X/NPC) -material with uniform distribution of biomass carbon load and smaller size after pyrolysis annealingTfu。
7. The method for synthesizing the carbon-based nanocomposite material according to claim 1, wherein the prepared carbon-based nanocomposite material is an ultrathin nanosheet with a morphology of 2 to 3nm, and the specific surface area of the ultrathin nanosheet is higher than 300m 2 /g。
8. Use of a carbon-based nanocomposite material obtained by the process according to claim 1, characterized in that the synthesized Co/NPC-TfuUsed as anode catalyst, ni/NPC-TfuThe catalyst is used as a cathode catalyst and has excellent performance of electrocatalytic full water decomposition.
9. The application of the carbon-based nanocomposite material prepared by the method according to claim 1 in the field of energy catalysis, which is characterized by comprising the application in water decomposition, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction and organic catalysis reaction.
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