CN113429194A - Method for preparing tailing dam permeability guiding material by using industrial solid waste - Google Patents
Method for preparing tailing dam permeability guiding material by using industrial solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN113429194A CN113429194A CN202110549659.2A CN202110549659A CN113429194A CN 113429194 A CN113429194 A CN 113429194A CN 202110549659 A CN202110549659 A CN 202110549659A CN 113429194 A CN113429194 A CN 113429194A
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
- C04B33/1352—Fuel ashes, e.g. fly ash
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1324—Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/138—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6565—Cooling rate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
- C04B2235/662—Annealing after sintering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste, in particular to a method for preparing a tailing dam permeability guiding material by using industrial solid waste. The invention provides a method for preparing a tailing dam permeability guiding material by using industrial solid wastes, which comprises the following steps: mixing industrial solid waste, a binder and water, and then sequentially carrying out ball pressing granulation, dehydration treatment, preheating, sintering and annealing to obtain a tailing dam permeability guiding material; the industrial solid waste comprises at least two of blast furnace fly ash, industrial iron slag, coal gangue, industrial waste salt and lead-zinc slag. According to the description of the embodiment, the compressive strength of the prepared tailing dam permeability guiding material is more than or equal to 15MPa, the tailing dam permeability guiding material has good acid and alkali resistance (the dissolution loss rate of weak acid and weak alkali is less than or equal to 0.21%, the leaching rate of heavy metal is less than or equal to 0.0006mg/L), the use loss rate is less than or equal to 0.8%, and the cost is low (the cost is about 1/10 of the same organic permeability guiding material).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste, in particular to a method for preparing a tailing dam permeability guiding material by using industrial solid waste.
Background
At present, as the industrial development is fast, a large amount of industrial solid wastes can be generated, such as blast furnace fly ash of a thermal power plant, high-iron slag of an iron and steel enterprise, lead-zinc waste slag in lead-zinc production, waste salt slag generated in a chemical industry enterprise and the like, the solid wastes have many dust particles and small particles, can contain heavy metal ions, and easily form dust pollution, underground water pollution, soil pollution and the like, most enterprises consume a large amount of cost for recovering the solid wastes, the recovery rate is low, the recovery effect is not good, a large amount of land resources are occupied, and serious waste of valuable resources is caused, so that the comprehensive utilization of the industrial solid wastes and the preparation of high-valued products are necessary.
Meanwhile, most of tailings water guide materials used by the industrial tailings dam at present are three-dimensional organic net materials, and the price of the tailings water guide materials is not lower than 150 yuan/m2The use amount of the national tailing dam is very large, so that high cost is brought to mine enterprises, and the land environment is seriously polluted after the tailing dam is used for a long time in a large amount.
Therefore, an inorganic infiltration guiding material with good stability, environmental friendliness and low price is urgently needed at present. The solid waste dust containing oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, sodium, zinc, calcium, chlorine and the like in the solid waste resources has the characteristics of small granularity, stable structure after sintering and forming, high strength, good acid and alkali corrosion resistance and the like, and can be processed into a seepage guide material with a certain granularity by the technologies of ball milling, screening, granulating, sintering and the like and used in a tailing water guide material of a tailing dam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a tailing dam permeability guiding material by using industrial solid wastes, and the tailing dam permeability guiding material prepared by the method has the advantages of high compressive strength, good acid and alkali resistance, low use loss rate, repeated recycling and environmental friendliness.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for preparing a tailing dam permeability guiding material by using industrial solid wastes, which comprises the following steps:
mixing industrial solid waste, a binder and water, and then sequentially carrying out ball pressing granulation, dehydration treatment, preheating, sintering and annealing to obtain a tailing dam permeability guiding material;
the industrial solid waste comprises at least two of blast furnace fly ash, industrial iron slag, coal gangue, industrial waste salt and lead-zinc slag.
Preferably, the particle size of the industrial solid waste is less than or equal to 150 mu m.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the coal gangue, the industrial waste salt and the lead-zinc slag is (0-50): (0-30): (0-40): (0-30): (0-40);
and the dosage of at least two of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the coal gangue, the industrial waste salt and the lead-zinc slag is not 0 at the same time.
Preferably, the amount of the industrial waste salt in the industrial solid waste is not 0.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the binder to the water to the industrial solid waste is (20-50): (5-15): 100, respectively;
the particle size of the binder is less than or equal to 150 mu m.
Preferably, the temperature of the dehydration treatment is more than or equal to 100 ℃, and the time is more than or equal to 2 hours;
the water content of the material obtained after dehydration is 2-8%.
Preferably, the preheating temperature is 200-600 ℃, and the time is 1-4 h.
Preferably, the sintering temperature is 900-1100 ℃, and the time is 2-5 h.
Preferably, the annealing temperature is 500-800 ℃, and the time is 1-4 h.
Preferably, the mass percentage of Al in the blast furnace fly ash is more than or equal to 15 percent;
the mass percentage of Fe in the industrial iron slag is less than or equal to 20 percent;
the mass percentage content of Al in the coal gangue is less than or equal to 20 percent;
the content of organic matters in the industrial waste salt is less than or equal to 6 percent;
the lead-zinc slag comprises Si and Al;
the mass percentage of the total amount of Si and Al in the lead-zinc slag is more than or equal to 75 percent;
the mass ratio of Si to Al is 1.2: 1; the contents of Si and Al in the lead-zinc slag are respectively calculated by the contents of oxides of Si and Al.
The invention provides a method for preparing a tailing dam permeability guiding material by using industrial solid wastes, which comprises the following steps: mixing industrial solid waste, a binder and water, and then sequentially carrying out ball pressing granulation, dehydration treatment, preheating, sintering and annealing to obtain a tailing dam permeability guiding material; the industrial solid waste comprises at least two of blast furnace fly ash, industrial iron slag, coal gangue, industrial waste salt and lead-zinc slag. Compared with the existing multilayer organic permeability-guiding material used in the tailing dam, the permeability-guiding material of the tailing dam prepared by sequentially preheating, sintering and annealing various industrial solid wastes has the advantages of high compressive strength, good acid and alkali resistance, low use loss rate, repeated recycling, low price and environmental friendliness, and simultaneously reduces the treatment pressure of enterprises on the industrial solid wastes, thereby realizing the coupling high-valued comprehensive utilization of the industrial solid wastes. According to the description of the embodiment, the compressive strength of the prepared tailing dam permeability guiding material is more than or equal to 15MPa, the tailing dam permeability guiding material has good acid and alkali resistance (the dissolution loss rate of weak acid and weak alkali is less than or equal to 0.21%, the leaching rate of heavy metal is less than or equal to 0.0006mg/L), the use loss rate is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the cost is low (about 1/10 of the same organic permeability guiding material).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of the tailing dam permeability guiding material prepared in example 2;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of the tailing dam permeation guiding material prepared in example 5.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preparing a tailing dam permeability guiding material by using industrial solid wastes, which comprises the following steps:
mixing industrial solid waste, a binder and water, and then sequentially carrying out ball pressing granulation, dehydration treatment, preheating, sintering and annealing to obtain a tailing dam permeability guiding material;
the industrial solid waste comprises at least two of blast furnace fly ash, industrial iron slag, coal gangue, industrial waste salt and lead-zinc slag.
In the invention, the granularity of the industrial solid waste is preferably less than or equal to 150 μm, and more preferably 50-150 μm.
In the invention, the industrial solid waste comprises at least two of blast furnace fly ash, industrial iron slag, coal gangue, industrial waste salt and lead-zinc slag. In the invention, the mass ratio of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the coal gangue, the industrial waste salt and the lead-zinc slag is preferably (0-50): (0-30): (0-40): (0-30): (0-40), and the dosage of at least two of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the coal gangue, the industrial waste salt and the lead-zinc slag is not 0 at the same time, and more preferably the dosage of the industrial waste salt in the industrial solid waste is not 0. When the using amount of the industrial waste salt in the industrial solid waste is not 0, the prepared tailing dam permeability guiding material comprises an albite phase, and the albite phase is stable in structure and can further improve the compressive strength. In the invention, the mass ratio of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the coal gangue, the industrial waste salt and the lead-zinc slag is more preferably (10-40): (5-25): (10-30): (5-25): (10-30), most preferably (15-30): (10-20): (15-23): (8-16): (16-22).
The specific components of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the coal gangue, the industrial waste salt and the lead-zinc slag are not limited in any way, and the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the coal gangue, the industrial waste salt and the lead-zinc slag which are well known to persons skilled in the art can be adopted. In the invention, the mass percentage of Al in the blast furnace fly ash is preferably more than or equal to 15%; the mass percentage of Fe in the industrial iron slag is preferably less than or equal to 20 percent; the mass percentage content of Al in the coal gangue is preferably less than or equal to 20 percent; the content of organic matters in the industrial waste salt is preferably less than or equal to 6 percent; the lead-zinc slag preferably comprises Si and Al; the mass percentage of the total amount of Si and Al in the lead-zinc slag is preferably more than or equal to 75 percent; the mass ratio of Si to Al is preferably 1.2: 1; the contents of Si and Al in the lead-zinc slag are preferably calculated by the contents of oxides of Si and Al, respectively.
In the present invention, the binder is preferably clay; the granularity of the binder is preferably less than or equal to 150 micrometers, and more preferably 50-150 micrometers.
In the invention, the industrial solid waste and the binder are controlled within the particle size range, so that the agglomeration of materials can be avoided, and the high-temperature solid-phase chemical reaction between raw materials is facilitated.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the binder, the water and the industrial solid waste is preferably (20-50): (5-15): 100, more preferably (28-45): (8-14): 100, most preferably (30-40): (10-12): 100.
in the present invention, the mixing is preferably performed by mixing the industrial solid waste and the binder, and then mixing with water. When the granularity of the industrial solid waste and the binder is less than the granularity condition, the industrial solid waste and the binder are preferably mixed and then are sequentially ground and sieved; in the invention, the grinding mode is preferably ball milling; the process of ball milling and sieving is not particularly limited in the present invention and may be performed by a process well known to those skilled in the art.
The invention does not have any special limitation on the pelletizing, and the process well known by the technicians in the field is adopted to ensure that the grain diameter of the pellets is within the range of 2.5-3 cm.
In the invention, the temperature of the dehydration treatment is preferably not less than 100 ℃, and more preferably 100-120 ℃; the time is preferably not less than 2 hours, and more preferably 2.5-3 hours; the water content of the material obtained after dehydration treatment is preferably 2-8%, and more preferably 3-4%.
In the invention, the preheating temperature is preferably 200-600 ℃, more preferably 300-500 ℃, and most preferably 350-450 ℃; the time is preferably 1 to 4 hours, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5 hours, and most preferably 2 to 3 hours; the heating rate of the preheating is preferably 3-5 ℃/min, and more preferably 4 ℃/min.
After the preheating treatment, the temperature is preferably increased to the sintering temperature from the preheating temperature at the temperature increase rate of less than or equal to 10 ℃/min.
In the invention, the sintering temperature is preferably 900-1100 ℃, more preferably 950-1050 ℃, and most preferably 980-1020 ℃; the time is preferably 2 to 5 hours, more preferably 2.5 to 4.5 hours, and most preferably 3 to 4 hours; after the sintering is finished, the temperature is preferably reduced to the temperature of subsequent annealing at the temperature reduction rate of less than or equal to 8 ℃/min.
In the invention, the annealing temperature is preferably 500-800 ℃, more preferably 550-750 ℃, and most preferably 580-720 ℃; the time is preferably 1 to 4 hours, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5 hours, and most preferably 2 to 3 hours.
In the invention, the preheating is a primary sintering process, so that the raw materials can be subjected to sufficient heat transfer before reaching the sintering temperature to form a soaking place for chemical reaction, thereby completely providing an early-stage reaction basis for the next sintering reaction; the sintering function is to make the raw materials fully perform solid-phase chemical reaction at a certain high temperature to form a mineral form of a composite oxide, so as to form a compact and high-strength tailing dam permeation guiding material, and the annealing function is to make the material after high-temperature sintering continuously maintain the compactness and high strength formed after the reaction, so as to prevent the material from forming internal stress due to rapid cooling to damage the structure of the material.
After the annealing is completed, the invention also preferably comprises a cooling process, and in the invention, the cooling is preferably naturally cooled to the room temperature.
The method for preparing the tailing dam permeability guiding material by industrial solid waste provided by the invention is described in detail by combining the following examples, but the method cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the invention.
Note: the blast furnace fly ash in embodiments 1 to 7 is from Qinghai bridgehead aluminum electricity limited, the industrial iron slag is from Qinghai Huaxin environmental protection technology limited, the coal gangue is from Qinghai West, the industrial waste salt is from Zhejiang pharmaceutical factory, and the lead-zinc slag is from Qinghai Huaxin environmental protection technology limited;
the proportion of the raw materials in the embodiments 1 to 7 can be understood that the technical schemes in the embodiments 1 to 7 can be applied to implementation cases with different weight levels, namely, the unit of the amount to be used can be "g", "kg" or "t", and the like;
example 1
Mixing the blast furnace fly ash (the mass percentage of Al is 15-20%), the industrial iron slag (the mass percentage of Fe is less than or equal to 20%), the lead-zinc slag (the mass ratio of Si to Al is about 1.2:1, and the total amount of Si and Al is more than or equal to 75%) and the clay in a mass ratio of 1.5:1:1:1, then carrying out ball milling and screening to obtain a mixture with the granularity of less than or equal to 150 mu m, mixing the mixture with water in a mass ratio of 100:10 of the total mass of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the clay and the lead-zinc slag, and then carrying out ball pressing granulation to obtain a material ball with the granularity of 3 cm;
and dehydrating the pellets at 100 ℃ for 3h to enable the water content of the dehydrated pellets to be 3%, preheating the pellets at 350 ℃ for 2h, raising the temperature to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, sintering the pellets at 950 ℃ for 3h, reducing the temperature to 650 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min, annealing the pellets at 650 ℃ for 1.5h, and naturally cooling the pellets to obtain the tailing dam permeability guiding material.
Example 2
Mixing the blast furnace fly ash (the mass percentage of Al is 15-20%), industrial waste salt (the mass percentage of organic matters is less than or equal to 6%), lead-zinc slag (the mass ratio of Si to Al is about 1.2:1, and the total amount of Si and Al is more than or equal to 75%) and clay according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1.5, performing ball milling and screening to obtain a mixture with the granularity of less than or equal to 150 mu m, mixing the mixture with water according to the mass ratio of the total mass of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial waste salt, the lead-zinc slag and the clay to the water of 100:12, and performing ball pressing granulation to obtain a material ball with the granularity of 2.5 cm;
and dehydrating the pellets for 2.5 hours at 100 ℃ to enable the water content of the dehydrated pellets to be 4%, preheating the pellets for 3 hours at 300 ℃, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, sintering the pellets for 2 hours at 1000 ℃, reducing the temperature to 700 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min, annealing the pellets for 1 hour at 700 ℃, and naturally cooling the pellets to obtain the tailing dam permeability guiding material.
Example 3
Mixing the blast furnace fly ash (the mass percentage of Al is 15-20%), the industrial waste salt (the mass percentage of organic matters is less than or equal to 6%), the industrial iron slag (the mass percentage of Fe is less than or equal to 20%) and the clay according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1.5, then carrying out ball milling and screening to obtain a mixture with the granularity of less than or equal to 150 micrometers, mixing the mixture with water according to the mass ratio of the total mass of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the clay and the industrial waste salt to the water of 100:10, and then carrying out ball pressing granulation to obtain a material ball with the granularity of 2.5 cm;
dehydrating the pellets at 120 ℃ for 2h to enable the water content of the dehydrated pellets to be 3%, preheating the pellets at 400 ℃ for 2h, raising the temperature to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, sintering the pellets at 1050 ℃ for 2h, reducing the temperature to 800 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min, annealing the pellets at 800 ℃ for 1h, and naturally cooling the pellets to obtain the tailing dam permeability guiding material.
Example 4
Mixing the blast furnace fly ash (the mass percentage of Al is 15-20%), industrial waste salt (the mass percentage of organic matters is less than or equal to 6%), lead-zinc slag (the mass ratio of Si to Al is about 1.2:1, and the total amount of Si and Al is more than or equal to 75%) and clay according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, performing ball milling and screening to obtain a mixture with the granularity of less than or equal to 150 mu m, mixing the mixture with water according to the mass ratio of the total mass of the blast furnace fly ash, the clay, the industrial waste salt and the lead-zinc slag to the water of 100:14, and performing ball pressing and granulation to obtain a material ball with the granularity of 2.5 cm;
and dehydrating the pellets at 120 ℃ for 2h to enable the water content of the dehydrated pellets to be 4%, preheating the pellets at 400 ℃ for 2.5h, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, sintering the pellets at 1000 ℃ for 2h, reducing the temperature to 700 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min, annealing the pellets at 700 ℃ for 1h, and naturally cooling the pellets to obtain the tailing dam permeability guiding material.
Example 5
Mixing the blast furnace fly ash (the mass percentage of Al is 15-20%), industrial waste salt (the mass percentage of organic matters is less than or equal to 6%), coal gangue (the mass percentage of Al is less than or equal to 30%) and clay according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, performing ball milling and screening to obtain a mixture with the granularity of less than or equal to 150 mu m, mixing the mixture with water according to the mass ratio of the total mass of the blast furnace fly ash, the clay, the industrial waste salt and the coal gangue to the water of 100:12, and performing ball pressing granulation to obtain material balls with the granularity of 2.5 cm;
dehydrating the pellets at 120 ℃ for 2h to enable the water content of the dehydrated pellets to be 3%, preheating the pellets at 400 ℃ for 2.5h, raising the temperature to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, sintering the pellets at 1050 ℃ for 2h, reducing the temperature to 700 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min, annealing the pellets at 700 ℃ for 1.5h, and naturally cooling the pellets to obtain the tailing dam permeability guiding material.
Example 6
Mixing the blast furnace fly ash (the mass percentage of Al is 15-20%), the industrial waste salt (the mass percentage of organic matters is less than or equal to 6%) and the clay according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5:1, performing ball milling and screening to obtain a mixture with the granularity of less than or equal to 150 micrometers, mixing the mixture with water according to the mass ratio of the total mass of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial waste salt and the clay to the water of 100:10, and performing ball pressing and granulation to obtain material balls with the granularity of 2.5 cm;
and dehydrating the pellets at 120 ℃ for 2h to enable the water content of the dehydrated pellets to be 3%, preheating the pellets at 350 ℃ for 3h, raising the temperature to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, sintering the pellets at 950 ℃ for 2.5h, reducing the temperature to 600 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min, annealing the pellets at 600 ℃ for 1h, and naturally cooling the pellets to obtain the tailing dam permeability guiding material.
Example 7
Mixing the blast furnace fly ash (the mass percentage of Al is 15-20%), the lead-zinc slag (the mass ratio of Si to Al is about 1.2:1, and the total mass percentage of Si and Al is more than or equal to 75%), the industrial waste salt (the mass percentage of organic matters is less than or equal to 6%) and the clay in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.5:1, performing ball milling and screening to obtain a mixture with the granularity of less than or equal to 150 mu m, mixing the mixture with water in a mass ratio of 100:10, and performing ball pressing granulation to obtain a material ball with the granularity of 2.5 cm;
and dehydrating the pellets at 120 ℃ for 2h to enable the water content of the dehydrated pellets to be 3%, preheating the pellets at 350 ℃ for 3h, raising the temperature to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, sintering the pellets at 950 ℃ for 2.5h, reducing the temperature to 600 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min, annealing the pellets at 600 ℃ for 3h, and naturally cooling the pellets to obtain the tailing dam permeability guiding material.
Test example
XRD (X-ray diffraction) test is carried out on the tailing dam permeability guiding material prepared in example 2, the test result is shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, sufficient chemical reaction is carried out among raw materials, a plurality of composite oxide mineral structures are formed, and a feldspar-like phase structure Al in a physical phase6Cl2Na8O24Si6The sodium chloride in the waste salt slag is effectively and chemically solidified, so that a stable mineral structure is formed, and the material strength is not easily reduced due to easy dissolution when the material is used in a long-term water environment;
the tailings dam permeability guiding material prepared in the example 5 is subjected to SEM test, the test result is shown in figure 2, and as can be seen from figure 2, the formed high-strength permeability guiding material is relatively uniform in microstructure, and all phases are uniformly distributed, so that the material is high in strength and good in compactness in macroscopic representation;
the tailing dam permeability guiding material prepared in the embodiment 1-7 is tested for compressive strength, acid and alkali resistance and use loss rate according to the GB/T4383 and GB/T603 standards of industrial ceramsite materials, and the test results are shown in the following table 1:
table 1 performance data of the tailing dam permeability guiding material prepared in examples 1 to 7
As can be seen from Table 1, the tailing dam permeability guiding material prepared by the method provided by the invention has the advantages of high compressive strength, good acid and alkali resistance, low use loss rate, repeated recycling and environmental friendliness.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preparing the tailing dam permeability guiding material by using industrial solid waste is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
mixing industrial solid waste, a binder and water, and then sequentially carrying out ball pressing granulation, dehydration treatment, preheating, sintering and annealing to obtain a tailing dam permeability guiding material;
the industrial solid waste comprises at least two of blast furnace fly ash, industrial iron slag, coal gangue, industrial waste salt and lead-zinc slag.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the industrial solid waste has a particle size of 150 μm or less.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the coal gangue, the industrial waste salt and the lead-zinc slag is (0-50): (0-30): (0-40): (0-30): (0-40);
and the dosage of at least two of the blast furnace fly ash, the industrial iron slag, the coal gangue, the industrial waste salt and the lead-zinc slag is not 0 at the same time.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the amount of industrial waste salt in the industrial solid waste is not 0.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the water to the industrial solid waste is (20-50): (5-15): 100, respectively;
the particle size of the binder is less than or equal to 150 mu m.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the dehydration treatment is more than or equal to 100 ℃ and the time is more than or equal to 2 h;
the water content of the material obtained after dehydration is 2-8%.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preheating is carried out at a temperature of 200 to 600 ℃ for 1 to 4 hours.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the sintering temperature is 900 to 1100 ℃ and the time is 2 to 5 hours.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the annealing is at a temperature of 500 to 800 ℃ for 1 to 4 hours.
10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass percentage content of Al in the blast furnace fly ash is more than or equal to 15%;
the mass percentage of Fe in the industrial iron slag is less than or equal to 20 percent;
the mass percentage content of Al in the coal gangue is less than or equal to 20 percent;
the content of organic matters in the industrial waste salt is less than or equal to 6 percent;
the lead-zinc slag comprises Si and Al;
the mass percentage of the total amount of Si and Al in the lead-zinc slag is more than or equal to 75 percent;
the mass ratio of Si to Al is 1.2: 1; the contents of Si and Al in the lead-zinc slag are respectively calculated by the contents of oxides of Si and Al.
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