CN113427849A - 一种橡胶沥青防水结构及施工方法 - Google Patents

一种橡胶沥青防水结构及施工方法 Download PDF

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CN113427849A
CN113427849A CN202010210342.1A CN202010210342A CN113427849A CN 113427849 A CN113427849 A CN 113427849A CN 202010210342 A CN202010210342 A CN 202010210342A CN 113427849 A CN113427849 A CN 113427849A
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孙侃
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BEIJING CENTURY WATERPROOF HONGYU TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种橡胶沥青防水结构及施工方法，包括泡沫混凝土层、非固化橡胶沥青涂层、无碱玻纤网格布和防水卷材，泡沫混凝土层铺覆在结构层表面，非固化橡胶沥青涂层涂覆在泡沫混凝土层上，非固化橡胶沥青涂层表面粘覆无碱玻纤网格布，防水卷材粘结于无碱玻纤网格布上。本发明采用非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料可长期保持黏性膏状体，具有蠕变性能封闭基层裂缝和毛细孔，能适应复杂的施工作业面；与空气接触后长期不固化，始终保持黏稠胶质的特性，自愈能力强、碰触即粘、难以剥离。

Description

一种橡胶沥青防水结构及施工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及防水施工技术领域，具体涉及一种橡胶沥青防水结构及施工方法。
背景技术
防水卷材，由沥青、橡胶或其他有机材料制成的成卷防水材料，俗称油毡或油毛毡。它具有良好的防水性和较好的柔韧性。防水卷材要求有良好的耐水性，对温度变化的稳定性，一定的机械强度、延伸性和抗断裂性，要有一定的柔韧性和抗老化性等。防水卷材是一种可卷曲的片状防水材料。是建筑工程防水材料中的重要品种之一。目前工程防水结构主要是铺设防水卷材，防水卷材在使用过程中为固态，防水卷材无法全部封闭结构层表面裂缝和毛细孔，无法适应复杂的施工作业面。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种橡胶沥青防水结构，以解决现有技术存在的防水卷材无法全部封闭结构层表面裂缝和毛细孔的问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种橡胶沥青防水结构，包括泡沫混凝土层、非固化橡胶沥青涂层、无碱玻纤网格布和防水卷材，泡沫混凝土层铺覆在结构层表面，非固化橡胶沥青涂层涂覆在泡沫混凝土层上，非固化橡胶沥青涂层表面粘覆无碱玻纤网格布，防水卷材粘结于无碱玻纤网格布上，所述防水卷材包括玻璃纤维湿法薄毡，玻璃纤维湿法薄毡内表面粘覆一层聚合物薄膜。
本发明的有益技术效果是：
结构简单，采用的非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料是以橡胶、沥青和特殊添加剂为主要原料混合改性制成，在应用状态下长期保持黏性膏状体的具有蠕变性的一种新型防水材料。该涂料能封闭基层裂缝和毛细孔，能适应复杂的施工作业面；与空气接触后长期不固化，始终保持黏稠胶质的特性，自愈能力强、碰触即粘、难以剥离，在-20℃仍具有良好的粘结性能。非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料需使用专用加热融化设备，如果需喷涂还需使用喷涂机，使用热熔设备先将涂料升温到可流动状态，然后根据实际施工环境和条件，可以选择刮涂法或者喷涂法进行施工。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中1结构层、2泡沫混凝土层、3非固化橡胶沥青涂层、4无碱玻纤网格布、5防水卷材。
具体实施方式
如在说明书及权利要求当中使用了某些词汇来指称特定组件。本领域技术人员应可理解，硬件制造商可能会用不同名词来称呼同一个组件。本说明书及权利要求并不以名称的差异来作为区分组件的方式，而是以组件在功能上的差异来作为区分的准则。如在通篇说明书及权利要求当中所提及的“包含”为一开放式用语，故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。“大致”是指在可接收的误差范围内，本领域技术人员能够在一定误差范围内解决所述技术问题，基本达到所述技术效果。说明书后续描述为实施本申请的较佳实施方式，然所述描述乃以说明本申请的一般原则为目的，并非用以限定本申请的范围。本申请的保护范围当视所附权利要求所界定者为准。
如图1所示，一种橡胶沥青防水结构，包括泡沫混凝土层2、非固化橡胶沥青涂层3、无碱玻纤网格布4和防水卷材5，泡沫混凝土层2铺覆在结构层1表面，非固化橡胶沥青涂层3涂覆在泡沫混凝土层2上，非固化橡胶沥青涂层3表面粘覆无碱玻纤网格布4，防水卷材5粘结于无碱玻纤网格布4上，所述防水卷材包括玻璃纤维湿法薄毡，玻璃纤维湿法薄毡内表面粘覆一层聚合物薄膜。
作为具体的实施例，所述结构层1的厚度为10.9-13.8mm。技术效果最佳，解决防水卷材无法全部封闭结构层表面裂缝和毛细孔的问题。
作为具体的实施例，所述泡沫混凝土层2的厚度为5.5-7.7mm。技术效果最佳。
作为具体的实施例，所述非固化橡胶沥青涂层3的厚度为5.5-7.7mm。技术效果最佳。
作为具体的实施例，所述无碱玻纤网格布4的厚度为5.6-6.8mm。技术效果最佳。
作为具体的实施例，所述防水卷材5的厚度为5.6-6.9mm。技术效果最佳。
本发明采用的非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料是以橡胶、沥青和特殊添加剂为主要原料混合改性制成，在应用状态下长期保持黏性膏状体的具有蠕变性的一种新型防水材料。该涂料能封闭基层裂缝和毛细孔，能适应复杂的施工作业面；与空气接触后长期不固化，始终保持黏稠胶质的特性，自愈能力强、碰触即粘、难以剥离，在-20℃仍具有良好的粘结性能。非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料需使用专用加热融化设备，如果需喷涂还需使用喷涂机，使用热熔设备先将涂料升温到可流动状态，然后根据实际施工环境和条件，可以选择刮涂法或者喷涂法进行施工。
本发明施工方法：
A细部附加层施工：
施工前先确定附加层的部位，阴阳角以及管道周边附加层的宽度不小于250mm在落水口、出屋面的管道，阴阳角、天沟等部位应铺设附加层。施工时涂刷非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料，厚度不小于5.5mm并在涂层内夹铺胎体增强材料或在涂层表面粘接无碱玻纤网格布。
B非固化层施工
刮涂法施工
将涂料放入专用的设备中进行加热，把加热融化的涂料注入施工桶中，在平面施工时将涂料倒在基面上，用齿形刮板刮涂，涂层的厚度复合相关规范的要求。刮涂法施工应一次成型规定的厚度，每次刮涂的宽度应大于卷材或保护隔离材料100mm左右。
喷涂法施工
涂料加热达到预定的温度后，启动专用的喷涂设备，检查喷枪，喷嘴运行是否正常，开启喷枪进行试喷，达到正常状态，进行大面喷涂，同层涂膜的先后搭接宽度30～50mm。调整喷嘴与基面的距离及喷涂的压力，使喷涂的厚度均匀，每一喷涂作业面的幅宽应大于卷材或保护隔离材料100mm左右。
C粘铺卷材层：
根据施工环境的气温和非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料的特点，选着卷材铺贴的时间和铺贴方法，
每一幅宽的涂层完成后，随即粘贴卷材，卷材的搭接宽度不小于100mm，铺贴的卷材应顺直，平整、无褶皱。
D保护层施工
复合防水层施工完，经验收合格后，应及时施工保护层。
用块体材料，水泥砂浆或者细石混凝土等做保护层，保护层与复合防水层之间应该设置塑料膜、土工布等做隔离层。
本发明的有益效果为：
结构简单，采用的非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料是以橡胶、沥青和特殊添加剂为主要原料混合改性制成，在应用状态下长期保持黏性膏状体的具有蠕变性的一种新型防水材料。该涂料能封闭基层裂缝和毛细孔，能适应复杂的施工作业面；与空气接触后长期不固化，始终保持黏稠胶质的特性，自愈能力强、碰触即粘、难以剥离，在-20℃仍具有良好的粘结性能。非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料需使用专用加热融化设备，如果需喷涂还需使用喷涂机，使用热熔设备先将涂料升温到可流动状态，然后根据实际施工环境和条件，可以选择刮涂法或者喷涂法进行施工。
上述说明示出并描述了本申请的若干优选实施例，但如前所述，应当理解本申请并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述申请构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本申请的精神和范围，则都应在本申请所附权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种橡胶沥青防水结构，其特征在于，包括：泡沫混凝土层、非固化橡胶沥青涂层、无碱玻纤网格布和防水卷材，泡沫混凝土层铺覆在结构层表面，非固化橡胶沥青涂层涂覆在泡沫混凝土层上，非固化橡胶沥青涂层表面粘覆无碱玻纤网格布，防水卷材粘结于无碱玻纤网格布上，所述防水卷材包括玻璃纤维湿法薄毡，玻璃纤维湿法薄毡内表面粘覆一层聚合物薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的橡胶沥青防水结构，其特征在于，所述防水卷材为聚乙烯丙纶防水卷材或弹性体改性沥青卷材或塑性体改性沥青卷材或自粘卷材或湿铺卷材。
3.根据权利要求1所述的橡胶沥青防水结构，其特征在于，所述结构层的厚度为10.9-13.8mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的橡胶沥青防水结构，其特征在于，所述泡沫混凝土层的厚度为5.5-7.7mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的橡胶沥青防水结构，其特征在于，所述非固化橡胶沥青涂层的厚度为5.5-7.7mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的橡胶沥青防水结构，其特征在于，所述无碱玻纤网格布的厚度为5.6-6.8mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的橡胶沥青防水结构，其特征在于，所述防水卷材的厚度为5.6-6.9mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的橡胶沥青防水结构的施工方法，其特征在于，包括：
A细部附加层施工：
施工前先确定附加层的部位，阴阳角以及管道周边附加层的宽度不小于250mm在落水口、出屋面的管道，阴阳角、天沟等部位应铺设附加层。施工时涂刷非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料，并在涂层内夹铺胎体增强材料或在涂层表面粘接无碱玻纤网格布；
B非固化层施工
刮涂法施工
将涂料放入专用的设备中进行加热，把加热融化的涂料注入施工桶中，在平面施工时将涂料倒在基面上，用齿形刮板刮涂，涂层的厚度复合相关规范的要求。刮涂法施工应一次成型规定的厚度，每次刮涂的宽度应大于卷材或保护隔离材料100mm左右；
喷涂法施工
涂料加热达到预定的温度后，启动专用的喷涂设备，检查喷枪，喷嘴运行是否正常，开启喷枪进行试喷，达到正常状态，进行大面喷涂，同层涂膜的先后搭接宽度30～50mm。调整喷嘴与基面的距离及喷涂的压力，使喷涂的厚度均匀，每一喷涂作业面的幅宽应大于卷材或保护隔离材料100mm左右；
C粘铺卷材层：
根据施工环境的气温和非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料的特点，选着卷材铺贴的时间和铺贴方法，
每一幅宽的涂层完成后，随即粘贴卷材，卷材的搭接宽度不小于100mm，铺贴的卷材应顺直，平整、无褶皱；
D保护层施工
复合防水层施工完，经验收合格后，应及时施工保护层。
用块体材料，水泥砂浆或者细石混凝土做保护层，保护层与复合防水层之间应该设置塑料膜、土工布等做隔离层。
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