CN113427836B - Three-dimensional developable curved surface self-adaptive lattice structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Three-dimensional developable curved surface self-adaptive lattice structure and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113427836B
CN113427836B CN202110672568.8A CN202110672568A CN113427836B CN 113427836 B CN113427836 B CN 113427836B CN 202110672568 A CN202110672568 A CN 202110672568A CN 113427836 B CN113427836 B CN 113427836B
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cell
lattice
hinge
octahedral
adaptive
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CN113427836A (en
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宋宏伟
康帅
刘文峰
袁武
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Institute of Mechanics of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional developable curved surface self-adaptive lattice structure and a preparation method thereof, which release the rotational freedom degree among lattice sandwich cells for the first time. The three-dimensional developable surface self-adaptive lattice structure comprises at least one row of cell element chains, each cell element chain comprises a plurality of cell elements, two adjacent cell elements are hinged with each other, and each cell element is in a hollowed-out octahedral lattice configuration or a hollowed-out pyramid lattice configuration; in the case that the number of the rows of the cell chains is not less than two, two adjacent cell chains are arranged in parallel, and the two adjacent cell chains are hinged to each other. The novel interlocking-hinging method realizes the shape-following self-adaptation of the three-dimensional developable curved surface of the dot matrix sandwich, and solves the problems of the prior art that the assembled back core is not matched and the mechanical property is reduced and the size effect is caused by the rotation of the hinging part.

Description

Three-dimensional developable curved surface self-adaptive lattice structure and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lattice structure, in particular to a three-dimensional developable curved surface self-adaptive lattice structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lattice sandwich structure integrates various excellent performances, and is already put into use on heavy structures such as a rocket supporting bin, a satellite bearing cylinder, an adapter, a deep-sea submarine pressure-resistant bin and the like. The diversity of the basic unit topological configuration of the lattice sandwich, the performance and the relative density of the parent material and various complex factors which can influence the final structure performance all present challenges to the preparation process.
The traditional preparation process needs to design and fix the shape of the sandwich core according to the shape of the wrapped inner and outer shell structures which are determined in advance, and poor connection of the surface core can be caused by tiny production errors, assembly errors, defects and the like during forming, so that the mechanical property of the lattice sandwich structure is reduced. Meanwhile, as the characteristic length of the lattice sandwich structure is increased, new difficulties brought by the size effect are also greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional developable surface self-adaptive lattice structure and a preparation method thereof, which release the rotational freedom degree among lattice sandwich cell elements for the first time, realize the shape-following self-adaptation of the three-dimensional developable surface of the lattice sandwich and solve the problems of mechanical property reduction and size effect brought after assembly in the lattice sandwich structure in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention specifically provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a three-dimensional developable surface self-adaptive dot matrix structure which comprises at least one row of cell element chains, wherein each cell element chain comprises a plurality of cell elements, two adjacent cell elements are hinged with each other by releasing the rotational freedom degree between the cell elements, the head and the tail of the same cell element chain can be hinged to form a ring, and the cell elements are in a hollowed-out octahedral dot matrix configuration or a hollowed-out pyramid dot matrix configuration;
in the case that the number of the rows of the cell chains is not less than two, two adjacent cell chains are arranged in parallel, and the two adjacent cell chains are hinged to each other.
Preferably, the octahedral lattice configuration is an octahedral structure consisting of eight rods;
under the condition that the three-dimensional developable surface adaptive lattice structure is a row of cell element chains, first hinge points are arranged at two tip ends of the octahedral lattice configuration for hinging, and the two first hinge points are positioned on the same symmetry axis;
under the condition that the number of the rows of the cell element chains is not less than two, first hinge points are arranged at four tip ends of the octahedral lattice configuration for hinging, and the four first hinge points are positioned on the same plane; the two first hinge points located on one symmetry axis are used for hinging the adjacent cells on the same cell chain, and the two first hinge points located on the other symmetry axis are respectively used for hinging the cells on the adjacent cell chain.
Preferably, the cells are in an octahedral lattice configuration, with a maximum rotation angle of 180 ° between adjacent cells.
Preferably, the pyramid lattice configuration is a pyramid structure consisting of four rods, and a tip and a quadrilateral bottom surface are formed;
under the condition that the three-dimensional developable surface adaptive lattice structure is a row of cell element chains, wherein two rod pieces are respectively provided with a second hinge point, and the two second hinge points are positioned on the diagonal line of the bottom surface;
under the condition that the number of the rows of the cell element chains is not less than two, the four rod pieces are provided with second hinge points, and the four second hinge points are respectively positioned at four top points of the bottom surface.
Preferably, the pyramid lattice configuration of the cells has a maximum rotation angle of 270 ° between adjacent cells.
Preferably, the hinge is a snap-hinge, the snap-hinge comprises a non-linear hinge, and the axes of two adjacent rods at the same hinge are not collinear in projection in a plane.
Preferably, the alien hinge comprises: two adjacent of same articulated department the pin joint of member all is provided with the mounting hole, is provided with the rigid coupling in two mounting holes, the thickness of mounting hole with the thickness of member is the same.
Preferably, the fastening piece is a bolt and a nut matched with the bolt; or a pin.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the three-dimensional developable curved surface self-adaptive lattice structure based on interlocking-hinging, which comprises the following steps: sequentially hinging a plurality of cells to form a cell chain;
in a case where the number of columns of the cell chain is not less than two, the method further comprises: a plurality of cell chains are arranged in parallel and hinged with each other.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and hinging the head and the tail of the same cell element chain into a ring.
In the conventional multi-cell lattice structure, cells are directly connected with each other through a base material to form a whole (such as direct 3D printing molding), which is called Snap-fit (Snap-fit) assembly, such as Snap-fit assembly shown in fig. 5-1 and 5-3. As shown in fig. 5-2 and 5-4, in the present invention, the cells are connected by a different-line hinge (Snap-pin-non-collinear), and have good symmetry by means of an octahedral lattice configuration or a pyramidal lattice configuration, and the rotational freedom between the cells can be greatly released by redesigning a common node, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the shape of the sandwich (three-dimensional developable surface adaptive lattice structure) to the coating shell or panel. From this, face core is at the contact connection in-process, and the articulated structure between the cell element will constantly adjust the shape of self and realize closely laminating, has guaranteed the intensity that face core connects.
Compared with the traditional preparation process, the hinging process increases the designable and preparable shape types of the cladding shell or the panel, and further expands the design and application space of the lattice sandwich structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for introducing a single-cell hinge mechanism with an octahedral lattice configuration and a pyramidal lattice configuration;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the case where the heterogeneous octahedral lattice structure and the pyramidal lattice structure are rotatable around the hinge portion; wherein, the upper half is a process diagram of the rotation of the adjacent octahedral lattice structures around the hinge mechanism, and the lower half is a process diagram of the rotation of the adjacent pyramidal lattice structures around the hinge mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the evolution process of density-adjustable pyramid multi-cell chains, density-adjustable column shell sandwich and arbitrary three-dimensional developable surface adaptive sandwich prepared based on interlocking-hinging;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the folding process of an octahedral origami metamaterial based on interlocking-hinge preparation;
FIG. 5-1 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of a 3X 3 lattice structure formed by interlocking-hinge (snap-fit) in an octahedral lattice configuration provided by the present invention;
fig. 5-2 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a three-dimensional developable adaptive lattice structure formed by a Snap-pin-non-collinear hinge in an octahedral lattice configuration according to the present invention;
FIGS. 5-3 are schematic structural views of a preferred embodiment of a 3X 3 lattice structure formed by interlocking-hinge (snap-fit) in the pyramid lattice configuration provided by the present invention;
fig. 5-4 are schematic structural diagrams of a preferred embodiment of a three-dimensional developable adaptive lattice structure formed by a Snap-pin-non-collinear (Snap-pin-non-collinear) in a pyramid lattice configuration provided by the invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote the following, respectively:
1. first hinge point 2, second hinge point.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a novel interlocking-hinging method for preparing a three-dimensional developable surface self-adaptive lattice structure, wherein the three-dimensional developable surface self-adaptive lattice structure comprises at least one row of cell element chains, each cell element chain comprises a plurality of cell elements, two adjacent cell elements are hinged with each other, the head and the tail of the same cell element chain can be hinged into a ring, and the cell elements are in a hollowed-out octahedral lattice configuration or a hollowed-out pyramidal lattice configuration;
in the case that the number of the rows of the cell chains is not less than two, two adjacent cell chains are arranged in parallel, and the two adjacent cell chains are hinged to each other.
In the present invention, the structure of the octahedral lattice configuration is not particularly limited, but in order to further enhance the convenience of installation of the octahedral lattice configuration, and at the same time, in order to improve the relative density in the planar core structure of the octahedral lattice configuration; preferably, as shown in fig. 1 a and fig. 2, the octahedral lattice configuration is an octahedral structure consisting of eight rods.
In the above embodiment, the hinge position in the octahedral lattice configuration can be selected within a wide range, but in order to further release the rotational freedom between the cells, it is preferable that, in the case where the three-dimensional developable surface adaptive lattice structure is a row of cell chains, first hinge points 1 are provided at both tips of the octahedral lattice configuration for hinge, and the two first hinge points 1 are located on the same symmetry axis;
under the condition that the number of the rows of the cell element chain is not less than two, first hinge points 1 are arranged at four tip ends of the octahedral lattice configuration for hinging, and the four first hinge points 1 are positioned on the same plane; wherein two first hinge points 1 located on one symmetry axis are used for hinging adjacent cells on the same cell chain, and two first hinge points 1 located on the other symmetry axis are respectively used for hinging the cells on the adjacent cell chain.
In the above-described embodiment, one of the octahedral lattice configurations can be rotated about the other at the same articulation, the angle of rotation being selectable within wide limits, but in order to release as much as possible the rotational freedom between the individual cells, it is preferred that the cells are of the octahedral lattice configuration, with a maximum angle of rotation of 180 ° between adjacent cells.
Similarly, the structure of the pyramid lattice configuration is not specifically limited, but in order to further improve the installation convenience of the pyramid lattice configuration and improve the relative density of the octahedral lattice configuration in the planar core structure; preferably, as shown in fig. 1 b and fig. 2, the pyramid lattice configuration is a pyramid structure composed of four bars, forming a tip and a quadrangular bottom surface.
In the above embodiment, the hinge position in the pyramid lattice configuration can be selected in a wide range, but in order to further release the rotational freedom between the cells, it is preferable that, in the case where the three-dimensional developable surface adaptive lattice structure is an array of cell chains, two second hinge points 2 are provided on both the rod members, and the two second hinge points 2 are located on the diagonal line of the bottom surface;
under the condition that the number of the rows of the cell element chains is not less than two, the four rod pieces are provided with second hinge points 2, and the four second hinge points 2 are respectively positioned at four top points of the bottom surface.
In the above-described embodiment, one of the pyramid lattice configurations can be rotated about the other pyramid lattice configuration at the same hinge, and the rotation angle can be selected within a wide range, but in order to release the rotational freedom between the cells as much as possible, it is preferable that the pyramid lattice configuration of the cells has a maximum rotation angle between adjacent cells of 270 °.
In the above embodiments, in order to distinguish more clearly from the conventional interlocking-assembly, it is preferable that the interlocking-hinge, as shown in fig. 5-2 and 5-4, is an interlocking-hinge, which includes a different-type hinge in which the axes of two adjacent rods at the same hinge are not collinear when projected in a plane, and the axes of the rods are not collinear when projected in any way.
In the above embodiments, the connection manner of the hetero-linear hinge may be selected within a wide range, and preferably, as shown in fig. 5-2 and 5-4, the hetero-linear hinge includes a hetero-linear hinge (Snap-pin-non-coliner) including: two adjacent of same articulated department the pin joint of member all is provided with the mounting hole, first pin joint 1 promptly with second pin joint 2 is the pin joint hole, is provided with the rigid coupling piece in two mounting holes, the thickness of mounting hole with the thickness of member is the same.
In the above embodiment, the kind of the fastening member may be selected in a wide range, but for further convenience of installation, it is preferable that the fastening member be a bolt and a nut that matches the bolt; or a pin.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the three-dimensional developable curved surface self-adaptive lattice structure based on interlocking-hinging, which comprises the following steps: sequentially hinging a plurality of cells to form a cell chain;
in a case where the number of columns of the cell chain is not less than two, the method further comprises: a plurality of cell chains are arranged in parallel and hinged with each other.
In the above method, in order to better fit the three-dimensional developable adaptive lattice structure to the curved surface shell, preferably, the method further comprises: and hinging the head and the tail of the same cell element chain into a ring.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a lattice sandwich layer in an evolution process of a pyramid multi-cell chain with adjustable density, a column shell sandwich with adjustable density and an arbitrary three-dimensional expandable curved surface self-adaptive sandwich based on interlocking-hinge preparation is provided.
Firstly, 10 pyramid lattice double cells are prepared by using an interlocking-hinging method, and the cells are connected by a dissimilar hinging structure. The pin at the innermost side of the cell element and the line type formed by the node at the inner side are matched with the line type of the inner curved surface shell by adjusting the angle of the connecting rod piece of the hinge structure, and at the moment, a corresponding dot matrix column shell can be formed; furthermore, the included angle formed by the inner side nodes and the pins is increased by adjusting the angles of the connecting rod pieces of the reaming machine structure, the area enclosed by the formed lines is increased, and at the moment, the relative density of the pyramid lattice sandwich layer is increased. The same material and structure release the freedom of rotation among the cells through the introduction of the hinge mechanism, and the relative position among the cells can be adjusted, thereby realizing the change of the dimension of the macroscopic integral structure and the adjustment of the relative density. A similar octahedral configuration may also achieve a corresponding process.
In addition, in addition to adjusting the density, the linear change enables the core to realize surface-core self-adaptation. If the flexible cylindrical shell skin is prepared by a Fused Deposition (FDM)3D printing method. Such a skin can be greatly deformed when subjected to an external load. The flexible skin is sleeved on the octahedral or pyramidal dot matrix sandwich layer designed and prepared based on the interlocking-hinging method, so that the circumference of the inner skin is consistent with the linear circumference of the outer side of the sandwich layer. After the flexible skin is stressed, the shape of the flexible skin is changed, and at the moment, due to the existence of the hinged structure, the position, the shape and the size of the sandwich layer can be adjusted in a self-adaptive mode, so that the lattice sandwich and the skin are attached together all the time. If the special-shaped curved rigid skin is prepared by a Fused Deposition (FDM)3D printing method, such as a wing type, a column-shell type, a heart type and other three-dimensional developable surfaces, a multi-cell chain can be wrapped on the relevant skin to perfectly adapt to an inner shell and an outer shell by adjusting the hinge structure to rotate and increasing and decreasing single accessories; finally, the inner and outer shells and the sandwich are cemented and the cemented part is cemented and cured.
Example 2
Fig. 4 shows an octahedral origami metamaterial prepared based on interlocking-hinging. If the PloyJet3D printing technique is used, lattice octahedral lattice cells are prepared by a interlocking-assembly method. The unit cells are arrayed on a two-dimensional plane to form a 3 × 5 multi-cell lattice. The cell elements are connected through printed pins, and due to the release of the rotational freedom degree, the formed multi-cell structure can be rotated through a hinge mechanism to form an integral folding effect. The connection of the common node of the two directions is released, so that the whole structure has foldable directions of the two directions.
Example 3
According to the two connection modes of the figure 5-2 and the figure 5-4, the complete octahedral lattice sandwich plate and the pyramid lattice sandwich plate are prepared and formed. The panel is provided with corresponding grooves and allowance for lattice sandwich matching, and certain hollow treatment is carried out to reduce the quality of used consumables and an overall structure. Finally, the octahedral lattice interlayer flat plate and the pyramid lattice interlayer flat plate which have different connection modes and the relative density of about 2 to 2.3 percent are assembled and assembled.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present application and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered to be within the scope of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. A three-dimensional developable curved surface adaptive lattice structure, characterized by: the three-dimensional developable surface self-adaptive dot matrix structure comprises at least one row of cell element chains, each cell element chain comprises a plurality of cell elements, two adjacent cell elements are hinged with each other, the head and the tail of the same cell element chain can be hinged to form a ring, and the cell elements are in a hollowed-out octahedral dot matrix configuration or a hollowed-out pyramidal dot matrix configuration;
under the condition that the number of the rows of the cell element chains is not less than two, two adjacent cell element chains are arranged in parallel and hinged with each other;
the octahedral lattice configuration is an octahedral structure consisting of eight rod pieces;
under the condition that the three-dimensional developable surface adaptive lattice structure is a row of cell element chains, first hinge points (1) are arranged at two tip ends of the octahedral lattice configuration for hinging, and the two first hinge points (1) are positioned on the same symmetry axis;
in the case that the number of the rows of the cell element chain is not less than two, first hinge points (1) are arranged at four tips of the octahedral lattice configuration for hinging, and each pair of the first hinge points (1) in two pairs of the four first hinge points (1) are positioned on the same plane; wherein two first hinge points (1) on one symmetry axis are used for hinging adjacent cells on the same cell chain, and two first hinge points (1) on the other symmetry axis are respectively used for hinging the cells on the adjacent cell chain;
the pyramid lattice configuration is a pyramid structure consisting of four rod pieces, and a tip and a quadrilateral bottom surface are formed;
under the condition that the three-dimensional developable surface adaptive lattice structure is a row of cell element chains, wherein two rod pieces are respectively provided with a second hinge point (2), and the two second hinge points (2) are positioned on the diagonal line of the bottom surface;
under the condition that the number of the rows of the cell element chains is not less than two, the four rod pieces are provided with second hinge points (2), and the four second hinge points (2) are respectively positioned at four top points of the bottom surface.
2. The three-dimensional developable curved adaptive lattice structure of claim 1, wherein: the cell elements are in an octahedral lattice configuration, and the maximum rotation angle between adjacent cell elements is 180 degrees.
3. The three-dimensional developable curved adaptive lattice structure of claim 1, wherein: the pyramid lattice configuration of the cell elements has a maximum rotation angle of 270 ° between adjacent cell elements.
4. The three-dimensional developable adaptive lattice structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the hinges are interlocking-hinges, wherein the interlocking-hinges comprise heterogenic hinges, and the projections of the axes of two adjacent rod pieces at the same hinge in the heterogenic hinges are not collinear in a plane.
5. The three-dimensional developable adaptive lattice structure of claim 4, wherein: the contoured hinge comprises: two adjacent of same articulated department the pin joint of member all is provided with the mounting hole, is provided with the rigid coupling in two mounting holes, the thickness of mounting hole with the thickness of member is the same.
6. The three-dimensional developable adaptive lattice structure of claim 5, wherein: the fixed connection piece is a bolt and a nut matched with the bolt; or a pin.
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CN115405644B (en) * 2022-08-24 2023-07-18 广州大学 Negative poisson ratio structure based on minimum curved surface and design method thereof
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