CN113427761A - 3D printing device and method of hardness-adjustable model based on micro-fluidic principle - Google Patents
3D printing device and method of hardness-adjustable model based on micro-fluidic principle Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
- B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing device and a method of a hardness-adjustable model based on a microfluidic principle. The flow channel in the micro-flow printing head is divided into an inlet section and a micro-flow mixing section, wherein the size of the inlet section is millimeter level, the size of the micro-flow mixing section is micron level, and two inlet flow channels of the micro-flow mixing section are designed in a staggered mode and combined with an outlet flow channel to form a Y-shaped structure. The flow channel in the micro-flow printing head is divided into two sections, the caliber of the flow channel is millimeter-sized and micron-sized, the printing hardness of the material can be switched in extremely short response time, the printing cost of heterogeneous multi-material printing can be reduced, and the micro-flow printing head has wider material applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a method and a device capable of regulating and controlling the hardness of a printing model in real time.
Background
With the increasing demand of products, a single soft material or a single hard material cannot meet the requirements of people on the products, and many application occasions need the products to have both a hard part (structural member) and a soft part (good touch feeling and the like), for example, a bionic hand needs an inner skeleton to adopt a hard material and an outer layer of flesh to adopt a soft material, so that the soft-hard composite heterogeneous product has wide research prospects.
At present, the mode of splicing is mostly adopted in the production of soft and hard composite materials through the traditional forming mode, the difficulty of integral forming is higher, and 3D printing is used as a highly flexible forming process, so that a good platform is provided for the preparation of soft and hard composite models, and great advantages are achieved in the process of forming complex products.
For soft material 3D printing, Fused Deposition Manufacturing (FDM), inkjet printing (3DP) and photocuring 3D printing are researched more, for printing of soft and hard composite materials, inkjet and UV curing become the most effective and high-precision molding mode, the principle of hardness regulation and control is consistent with that of color inkjet printing, namely different hardness is realized by adjusting the inkjet printing proportion of soft ink and hard ink in a certain area, but the mode needs extremely low material viscosity, usually tens of centipoise, and a piezoelectric type nozzle adopted by inkjet is not high-temperature resistant and can not reduce viscosity by heating, so that photosensitive resin with low viscosity at normal temperature needs to be developed, the development cost of consumables is high, the number of selectable materials is small, and the huge cost of hardware facilities is increased, so that the application of the photosensitive resin is greatly limited.
Therefore, the development of a set of hardness-adjustable 3D printing device with low cost and wider material applicability has great scientific research and industrial application values.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a 3D printing device and a method for instantly regulating and controlling soft and hard materials, which can switch the printing hardness of the materials in extremely short response time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention designs a 3D printing device of a hardness-adjustable model based on the micro-fluidic principle based on the color principle of micro-fluidic and ink-jet printing, which comprises a micro-fluidic injection pump, an inlet pipeline, a heater, a slide block, a micro-fluidic printing head and the like, wherein the micro-fluidic injection pump is provided with an S channel and an H channel, the inlet pipeline is connected with the micro-fluidic injection pump, the heater and the micro-fluidic printing head, the micro-fluidic printing head is arranged on the slide block, and the slide block can be arranged on any three-dimensional guide rail to form a set of complete 3D printing equipment. The flow channel in the micro-flow printing head is divided into an inlet section and a micro-flow mixing section, wherein the size of the inlet section is millimeter level, the size of the micro-flow mixing section is micron level, and two inlet flow channels of the micro-flow mixing section are designed in a staggered mode and combined with an outlet flow channel to form a Y-shaped structure.
The micro-flow injection pump can select a dual-channel or multi-channel specification, can pump the melt into the printing head at a very small flow rate, the flow rate is determined according to the specification of the injector, the minimum flow rate can reach 0.2nl per minute, and the micro-flow injection pump adopts dual channels (an H channel and an S channel);
the inlet pipeline plays a role in connecting the injection pump, the heater and the micro-flow printing head;
the heater can heat when the viscosity of the molten material is too high so as to properly reduce the viscosity of the molten material;
the micro-flow printing head is arranged on the sliding block and moves three-dimensionally along with the sliding block to finish 3D printing, a flow channel in the micro-flow printing head is divided into two sections, the first section is a transitional inlet section, the caliber of the first section is millimeter grade, the second section is a micro-flow mixing section, the caliber of the second section is micron grade, a structure with two inlets and one outlet or a structure with more inlets and one outlet can be adopted, two inlets of the micro-flow mixing section are staggered, so that fluid can be preliminarily mixed and then extruded, and for thermosetting materials such as silica gel, the extruded materials are cured under infrared heating;
the invention provides a 3D printing method of a hardness-controllable model based on a microfluidic principle, which comprises the steps of establishing a CAD model taking cyan magenta or gray as rendering dyeing according to the hardness requirement of a product, slicing the model in software, converting cyan and magenta color value information of the model into flow value code information of an S channel and an H channel of an injection pump, and converting gray value information into flow value code information of the S channel and the H channel if the model adopts gray rendering; the method comprises the steps that molten soft materials are added into an S channel of a micro-flow injection pump, hard materials are added into an H channel, when a printing device prints areas with different hardness (areas corresponding to different colors of a model), the micro-flow injection pump switches the conveying proportion of the molten soft and hard materials in real time according to code information, and the extruded materials are subjected to thermal curing or light curing when necessary, so that 3D printing of the hardness adjustable model is completed.
The printing device realizes the principle of hardness regulation and control in a color printing principle similar to color ink jet, because the caliber and the volume size of the flow channel are in a micron order, the flow channel is not fully mixed in a micro-scale, and only soft and hard materials in different proportions are arranged in a staggered way in different areas, but the hardness change is shown in a macro-scale, and meanwhile, the micron-scale flow channel and the micro-flow regulation and control mode ensure extremely short response time during hardness regulation.
In order to intuitively reflect the hardness information of a product during modeling, a mapping relation between the appearance of a model and the hardness of a material is established, and two mapping schemes are provided. According to the first scheme, the hardness of the material is mapped by using the gray value of the CAD model appearance, and the hardness of the material is directly related to the flow ratio of the inlet, so that the gray value needs to establish a mapping relation with the inlet flow. With the highest gray value (255) corresponding to the highest hardness (single hard material), the flow ratio of the soft material to the hard material corresponding to the gray value 255 is 0%: 100%, the flow ratio of the soft material to the hard material corresponding to the gray value 0 is 100%: 0%, the flow ratio of the soft material to the hard material corresponding to the middle gray value x is x/255 multiplied by 100%: (255-x)/255 x 0%, measuring the printing hardness under different gray values through experiments, and establishing a mapping relation between the printing hardness and the gray values; scheme two, analogy is color inkjet CMYK (CYAN-MAGENTA-YELLOW-BLACK) four-color printing mode, in this example two-in one-out case, only adopt two channels of C and M in CMYK, namely CYAN and MAGENTA channels, in order to distinguish, two channels of the syringe pump are named as S channel (Soft) and H channel (Hard), Soft material is put into the S channel, Hard material is put into the H channel, model appearance rendering adopts CMYK mode during modeling, and only CYAN and MAGENTA are used, similarly, color value needs to establish direct correspondence with inlet flow, with highest hardness corresponding to CYAN 0 and MAGENTA 255 and lowest hardness corresponding to CYAN 255 and MAGENTA 0, then flow ratio of Soft material corresponding to CYAN 0 and MAGENTA 255 to Hard material is 0%: and by analogy with 100%, obtaining the mapping relation between the color value and the hardness through experiments. When a model with specific hardness needs to be printed later, the rendering color of the model can be selected through the mapping relation of the color value hardness.
According to the 3D printing device and method capable of adjusting and controlling the soft and hard materials in real time, the flow channel in the micro-flow printing head is divided into two sections, the caliber is millimeter-sized and micron-sized, the printing hardness of the materials can be switched in extremely short response time, the printing cost of printing heterogeneous multi-materials can be reduced, and the 3D printing device and method have wider material applicability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, but do not constitute a limitation of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing apparatus of a hardness-controllable model based on a microfluidic principle according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a micro-fluidic printing head of a 3D printing device of a hardness-controllable model based on a micro-fluidic principle according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the micro-flow mixing section size of a 3D printing apparatus of a hardness-controllable model based on the micro-flow control principle according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a strip model of six segment stiffness.
Description of reference numerals: the device comprises a 1-micro-flow injection pump, a 2-inlet pipeline A, a 3-inlet pipeline B, a 4-heater A, a 5-heater B, a 6-sliding block, a 7-micro-flow printing head, a 1-1S channel, a 1-2H channel, a7-1 inlet section A, a 7-2 micro-flow mixing section and a 7-3 inlet section B.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the detailed description of the invention and the attached drawings.
The invention relates to A3D printing device based on a hardness adjustable model of a microfluidic principle, which is shown in figure 1, wherein the 3D printing device comprises a microfluidic injection pump 1, an inlet pipeline A2, an inlet pipeline B3, a heater A4, a heater B5, a sliding block 6, a microfluidic printing head 7 and the like;
the micro-flow injection pump 1 can select a dual-channel or multi-channel specification, can pump the melt into the printing head at a very small flow rate, the flow rate is determined according to the specification of an injector, the minimum flow rate can reach 0.2nl per minute, and the micro-flow injection pump adopts dual channels (an H channel 1-1 and an S channel 1-2);
the inlet pipeline A2 and the inlet pipeline B3 are used for connecting the micro-flow injection pump 1, the heater A4, the heater B5 and the micro-flow printing head 7;
the heater A4 and the heater B5 can be heated when the viscosity of the molten material is too high so as to properly reduce the viscosity of the molten material;
the micro-flow printing head 7 is arranged on the sliding block 6 and performs three-dimensional movement along with the sliding block 6 to finish 3D printing, a flow channel of the micro-flow printing head is divided into two sections, the first section is a transitional inlet section A7-1 and an inlet section B7-3, the caliber of the micro-flow printing head is millimeter, the second section is a micro-flow mixing section 7-2, as shown in figure 2, a structure with two inlets and one outlet or more inlets and one outlet can be adopted, as shown in figure 3, the structure of the micro-flow mixing section 7-2 is as shown in figure 3, the diameters of the two inlets are 0.3mm, the two inlets are 3mm long and are staggered, the outlets are 0.6mm in diameter and 5mm long, fluid is primarily mixed and then extruded in the 7-2 micro-flow mixing section, and;
as shown in fig. 4, the hardness of each section of the strip model printed by the device of the present invention has six sections from i to vi, and the hardness increases in a gradient manner from left to right, and in the CAD three-dimensional model, the color values (cyan/magenta) corresponding to the six sections of hardness are respectively: 255/0, 204/51, 153/102, 102/153, 51/204, 0/255.
The invention relates to a 3D printing method of a hardness-adjustable model based on a microfluidic principle, wherein the specific printing and forming process of a soft-hard composite model is as follows:
and establishing a CAD model according to the hardness required by the product and the mapping relation between the hardness and the color value, and converting the information such as the color, the size and the like into signals which can be identified by printing equipment through processing such as slicing and the like on the model.
During model printing, molten soft material and hard material are respectively added into an S channel 1-1 and an H channel 1-2 of the micro-flow injection pump 1, are respectively conveyed into a heater A4 and a heater B5 through an inlet pipeline A2 and an inlet pipeline B3, are further heated and reduced in viscosity (the step is not necessary and depends on material characteristics), and are then conveyed to the micro-flow printing head 7, a model color value signal is converted into an injection flow signal by the system, the micro-flow injection pump 1 regulates and controls the flow of melt at two inlets according to the given signal, and when a strip model with six hardness shown in FIG. 4 is printed, the flow ratio of the soft material to the hard material is 100% at the first section on the left: 0%, when printing from left to right to the second section, the soft material proportion is switched to 80%, the hard material proportion is switched to 20%, and when printing to the third section, the soft and hard material proportion is 60%: 40%, when printing to the fourth segment, the proportion of soft and hard materials is 40%: 60%, and when printing to the fifth segment, the proportion of soft and hard materials is 20%: 80%, and when the printing is carried out to the last section, the ratio of soft and hard materials is 0%: 100%, the melt materials of the two inlet channels are converged in the micro-flow printing head 7, and are simply mixed under the action of the staggered structure and then extruded and printed, the thermosetting material such as silica gel is further required to be cured under infrared heating, and due to the micron-sized dispersed arrangement of the soft and hard materials on the micro-scale, the product shows different hardness on the macro-scale, and finally six sections of strips with different hardness as shown in fig. 4 are obtained, and the hardness is continuously increased from left to right.
The above description is provided for the specific apparatus and process conditions of the present invention, and is illustrated with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the specific apparatus and process described above, and any modification or replacement of the related apparatus or any local adjustment of the related process based on the above description is within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a 3D printing device of model can be regulated and control to hardness based on micro-fluidic principle which characterized in that: by miniflow syringe pump, the inlet pipe, the heater, slider and miniflow printing head etc. constitute, the miniflow syringe pump sets up S passageway and H passageway binary channels, inlet pipe connects the miniflow syringe pump, heater and miniflow printing head, the miniflow is beaten the printer head and is installed on the slider, the slider is installed and is constituteed one set of complete 3D printing apparatus on three-dimensional guide rail, the miniflow beats the interior runner of printer head and divide into inlet section and miniflow mixing section two sections, wherein the inlet section size is the millimeter level, the miniflow mixing section size is the micron order, two inlet flow channel staggered design of miniflow mixing section, combine with the export runner and form Y type structure.
2. The 3D printing device based on the hardness-controllable model based on the microfluidic principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the micro-flow injection pump adopts a dual-channel or multi-channel specification, can pump the melt into the printing head at a very small flow rate, the flow rate is determined according to the specification of the injector, and the minimum flow rate reaches 0.2nl per minute.
3. A3D printing method of a hardness-controllable model based on a microfluidic principle is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, establishing a CAD model taking cyan and magenta as rendering colors according to the hardness requirement of a product, slicing the model in software, and converting cyan and magenta color value information of the model into flow value code information of an S channel and an H channel of a syringe pump; and then adding the molten soft material into an S channel of the micro-flow injection pump, adding the hard material into an H channel, and when the printing device prints areas with different hardness, switching the conveying proportion of the molten soft and hard materials in real time according to the code information by the micro-flow injection pump to perform thermosetting or photocuring on the extruded material so as to finish the 3D printing of the hardness adjustable model.
4. The 3D printing method of the hardness-controllable model based on the microfluidic principle according to claim 3, wherein the hardness-controllable model comprises the following steps: and establishing a CAD model with gray as rendering dyeing according to the hardness requirement of the product, slicing the model in software, and converting the gray value information into flow value code information of an S channel and an H channel.
5. The 3D printing method of the hardness-controllable model based on the microfluidic principle according to claim 4, wherein the hardness-controllable model comprises the following steps: the hardness and softness of the material are mapped by the gray value of the appearance of the CAD model, and the gray value needs to establish a mapping relation with the inlet flow because the hardness and softness of the material are directly related to the flow proportion of the inlet; and if the highest gray value 255 corresponds to the highest hardness, the flow ratio of the soft material to the hard material corresponding to the gray value 255 is 0%: 100%, the flow ratio of the soft material to the hard material corresponding to the gray value 0 is 100%: 0%, the flow ratio of the soft material to the hard material corresponding to the middle gray value x is x/255 multiplied by 100%: (255-x)/255 x 0%, and the printing hardness under different gray values is measured through experiments to establish the mapping relation.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115401910A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-29 | 无锡聚利笙科技有限公司 | Silica gel 3D printing and thermosetting molding equipment and using method thereof |
| CN115891150A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-04-04 | 吉林大学 | 3D printing device and method for bionic pixelation heterogeneous material based on micro-fluidic principle |
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