CN113426202A - Multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113426202A CN113426202A CN202110730770.1A CN202110730770A CN113426202A CN 113426202 A CN113426202 A CN 113426202A CN 202110730770 A CN202110730770 A CN 202110730770A CN 113426202 A CN113426202 A CN 113426202A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0001—Making filtering elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0028—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions provided with antibacterial or antifungal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0038—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions with means for influencing the odor, e.g. deodorizing substances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/54—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms
- B01D46/546—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms using nano- or microfibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
- B01D2239/0216—Bicomponent or multicomponent fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
- B01D2239/025—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials comprising nanofibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0407—Additives and treatments of the filtering material comprising particulate additives, e.g. adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2275/00—Filter media structures for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D2275/10—Multiple layers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material comprises a first filter layer, a second filter layer, a third filter layer and a fourth filter layer, and the first filter layer, the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are sequentially compounded in a self-adhesive mode: the first filter layer, the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are respectively prepared by spinning; the fiber diameter of the first filter layer is larger than or equal to that of the second filter layer, and the fiber diameter of the third filter layer is larger than or equal to that of the fourth filter layer; the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are respectively loaded with different functional particles. According to the invention, by regulating and controlling the spinning process, different filter layers are compounded in a self-adhesion manner, gradient filtration and functional filtration are realized, the filtration capacity and efficiency are improved, the cost is reduced, and the later maintenance is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a filter material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a fiber filter material and a preparation method thereof, and specifically relates to a multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
To cope with the increasingly serious problem of air pollution, the preparation of high-performance air filter materials is one of the most effective approaches. And non-woven air filtration materials are one of the most widely used of fibrous filtration materials.
At present, the function of the conventional fiber filtering material is single, so that a plurality of filters are often used in a filtering system to achieve the expected filtering effect, the cost is increased, and the later maintenance is complex and tedious.
Therefore, improvements are needed to better meet market demands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material and a preparation method thereof, which can realize the functions of gradient filtering of solid particles, VOC removal, antibiosis, peculiar smell removal and the like, and effectively meet the use requirements.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a multi-functional gradient filter material of multistage fibre, includes first filter layer, second filter layer, third filter layer and fourth filter layer, first filter layer, second filter layer, third filter layer and fourth filter layer are compound according to the preface through the self-adhesive mode and are formed: the first filter layer, the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are respectively prepared by spinning; the fiber diameter of the first filter layer is larger than or equal to that of the second filter layer, and the fiber diameter of the third filter layer is larger than or equal to that of the fourth filter layer; the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are respectively loaded with different functional particles, so that the removal effect on different pollutants is enhanced.
Further, the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are all made of one or more of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl alcohol.
Further, the first filter layer is made of one of polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, polylactic acid, polyurethane, polyamide or polyphenylene sulfide.
Further, the fiber diameter of the first filter layer is 1-10 μm; the fiber diameter of the second filter layer is 500-1000 nm; the fiber diameter of the third filter layer is 200-500 nm; the fiber diameter of the fourth filter layer is 50-200 nm.
Further, the functional particles loaded on the second filter layer are activated carbon particles; the functional particles loaded on the third filter layer are antibacterial agent particles; the functional particles loaded on the fourth filter layer are noble metal particles.
Furthermore, the thickness of the first filter layer is larger than or equal to that of the second filter layer, and the thickness of the third filter layer is larger than or equal to that of the fourth filter layer.
A preparation method of a multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material comprises the following steps:
1) setting four spinning units, respectively and correspondingly preparing the first filter layer, the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer, and connecting the four spinning units through a net curtain;
2) respectively mixing the functional particles into the spinning solution of the corresponding filter layer;
3) preparing a first filter layer on the net curtain, and then conveying the first filter layer to the next spinning unit through the net curtain;
4) when the net curtain runs to the second filter layer spinning unit, preparing a second filter layer on the first filter layer, and compounding the second filter layer and the first filter layer through self-adhesion; then, the fiber is conveyed to the next spinning unit through a net curtain;
5) when the net curtain runs to a third filter layer spinning unit, preparing a third filter layer on the second filter layer, and compounding the third filter layer and the second filter layer through self-adhesion; then, the fiber is conveyed to the next spinning unit through a net curtain;
6) when the net curtain runs to a fourth filter layer spinning unit, preparing a fourth filter layer on the third filter layer, and compounding the fourth filter layer and the third filter layer through self-adhesion;
7) and (5) completing the preparation and entering the next working procedure.
Further, the first filter layer is melt-spun, and the fiber with the required diameter is obtained by controlling the temperature and the drawing force; the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are all solution spun, and fibers with required diameters are obtained by controlling the concentration of a spinning solution.
Further, each functional particulate matter is selected by particle screening equipment, and the surface of the functional particulate matter is charged by electro-electret or water-electret treatment; meanwhile, the surface of the particles is subjected to hydrophilic treatment or the surface roughness of the particles is changed to change the surface energy of the particles; the functional particles are also uniformly dispersed in the spinning solution by mechanical stirring or ultrasonic waves.
Further, the distance between every two spinning units is 5-100 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has reasonable design and simple structure, realizes gradient filtration by multiple filter layers, can effectively filter solid particles, remove VOC, resist bacteria, remove peculiar smell and the like by loading various functional particles, greatly improves the filtering capability and efficiency, can reduce the cost, simplifies the later maintenance and is worthy of popularization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-a first filter layer; 2-a second filter layer; 3-a third filter layer; 4-a fourth filter layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1.
A multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material comprises a first filter layer 1, a second filter layer 2, a third filter layer 3 and a fourth filter layer 4.
The first filter layer 1 is formed by spinning fibers made of one of polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, polylactic acid, polyurethane, polyamide or polyphenylene sulfide, the diameter of the fibers is 1-10 mu m, and the dust holding capacity of the filter material can be improved. The thickness of the first filter layer 1 is 1000-2000 μm.
The second filter layer 2 is formed by spinning fibers made of one or more of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl alcohol, the diameter of the fibers is 500-1000nm, and functional particles are loaded on the fibers. The functional particulate matter is active carbon particulate matter, specifically one of coal-based active carbon, wood-based active carbon and synthetic material active carbon, and can adsorb peculiar smell gas in the air. The thickness of the second filter layer 2 is 500-1000 μm.
The third filter layer 3 is formed by spinning fibers made of one or more of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl alcohol, the diameter of the fibers is 200-500nm, and functional particles are loaded on the fibers. The functional particulate matter is an antibacterial agent particulate matter, specifically is an inorganic antibacterial agent such as silver ions, copper ions, zinc ions and the like, or is one of organic antibacterial agents such as vanillin or ethyl vanillin compounds, acylanilines, imidazoles, thiazoles, isothiazolone derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, biguanides, phenols and the like, and can remove microorganisms such as bacteria in the air. The thickness of the third filter layer 3 is 50-500 μm.
The fourth filter layer 4 is formed by spinning fibers made of one or more of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl alcohol, the diameter of the fibers is 50-200nm, and functional particles are loaded on the fibers. The functional particulate matter is noble metal particulate matter, specifically is one of a manganese oxide catalyst, a Pt/FeOx catalyst, a metal oxide catalyst with Co3O4 as the main component, an Au catalyst and the like, and can remove harmful gases such as VOC and the like in the air. The thickness of the fourth filter layer 4 is 1-50 μm.
The first filter layer 1, the second filter layer 2, the third filter layer 3 and the fourth filter layer 4 are formed by sequentially compounding in a self-adhesive mode, and the first filter layer 1 is positioned on an air inlet surface to form a gradient filtering function. The size and the electric charge of related functional particles are adjusted, so that the particles can be exposed on the surface of the fiber as far as possible, the full contact between gas and the functional particles is facilitated, and the functional filtration is realized.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material, which comprises the following steps:
1) setting four spinning units, respectively and correspondingly preparing the first filter layer, the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer, and connecting the four spinning units through a net curtain;
2) respectively mixing the functional particles into the spinning solution of the corresponding filter layer;
3) preparing a first filter layer on a net curtain through melt spinning, controlling the temperature to enable the diameter of fibers to be about 3 mu m, and taking the first filter layer as a base layer; then, the fiber is conveyed to the next spinning unit through a net curtain;
4) when the net curtain runs to the second filter layer spinning unit, preparing a second filter layer on the first filter layer through solution spinning, and controlling the concentration of a spinning solution to enable fibers of the second filter layer to become nano fibers with the diameter of about 800 nm; meanwhile, the spinning solution is mixed with active carbon particles which can be attached to the fibers; the second filter layer is compounded with the first filter layer by self-adhesion; then, the fiber is conveyed to the next spinning unit through a net curtain;
5) when the net curtain runs to a third filter layer spinning unit, preparing a third filter layer on the second filter layer through solution spinning, and controlling the concentration of a spinning solution to enable fibers of the third filter layer to become nano fibers with the diameter of about 300 nm; meanwhile, antibacterial agent particles are mixed in the spinning solution and can be attached to fibers; the third filter layer and the second filter layer are compounded through self-adhesion; then, the fiber is conveyed to the next spinning unit through a net curtain;
6) when the net curtain runs to a fourth filter layer spinning unit, preparing a fourth filter layer on the third filter layer through solution spinning, and controlling the concentration of a spinning solution to enable fibers of the fourth filter layer to become nano fibers with the diameter of about 100 nm; meanwhile, catalyst particles are mixed in the spinning solution and can be attached to fibers; the fourth filter layer and the third filter layer are compounded through self-adhesion;
7) and (5) completing the preparation and entering the next working procedure.
In the preparation process, a particle sieving device can be used for selecting functional particles with proper sizes. And then, carrying out electric electret or water electret treatment on the screened particles to enable the particles to have positive and negative charges. Meanwhile, the surface of the particulate matter is subjected to hydrophilic treatment, or the surface energy of the particulate matter is changed by changing the surface roughness of the particulate matter, so that the functional particulate matter tends to be dispersed on the surface of the fiber under the action of electric field force and surface tension in the spinning process, and the functionality of the functional particulate matter is more fully exerted. Furthermore, the particles can be more uniformly dispersed in the spinning solution or the spinning solution through mechanical stirring or ultrasonic waves, and favorable conditions are created for uniform distribution of the particles on the fibers.
Furthermore, the distance between each spinning unit is 5-100cm, and the distance between the spinning device and the receiving device is controlled, so that the solvent of the fiber is not completely volatilized when the fiber reaches the receiving device, different filter layers can be compounded in a self-adhesion mode, the complex sizing and thermal compounding process is avoided, the energy consumption is reduced, and the optimal filtering performance of the nano fiber is ensured.
The invention has the following characteristics:
(1) the invention adopts the fiber combination with different diameters, especially the nano-fiber, can filter the particles in the air step by step, simultaneously can ensure that the filtering resistance is not too high, realizes the filtering performance with high efficiency and low resistance, and improves the service life of the filter. Compared with the existing filtering material, on the premise of the same filtering efficiency, the resistance can be reduced by 30%, and the dust holding capacity can be improved by 40%.
(2) The invention loads different functional particles on the nano-fibers with different diameters, and because the specific surface area of the nano-fiber material is large, more functional particles can be loaded on the surface of the nano-fiber with unit volume, thus being beneficial to the full contact between gas and the functional particles and effectively realizing functional filtration.
(3) The invention changes the particle size and the charge of the functional particles, so that the functional particles are more easily exposed on the surface of the nano-fiber, and the adsorption and removal performance is improved.
(4) According to the invention, through multi-unit continuous spinning and by controlling the distance between the spinning device and the receiving device, when the fibers reach the receiving device, the solvent is not completely volatilized, so that different filter layers are compounded in a self-bonding manner, the complex sizing and thermal compounding processes are reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and meanwhile, the optimal filtering performance of the nano fibers can be ensured.
(5) The functional filter can be prepared by using the filter material, so that the filter unit is simplified, the volume of a filter system is reduced, and later maintenance and replacement are facilitated.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a multi-functional gradient filter material of multistage fibre, includes first filter layer, second filter layer, third filter layer and fourth filter layer, characterized by, first filter layer, second filter layer, third filter layer and fourth filter layer are compound according to the preface through the self-adhesive mode and are formed: the first filter layer, the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are respectively prepared by spinning; the fiber diameter of the first filter layer is larger than or equal to that of the second filter layer, and the fiber diameter of the third filter layer is larger than or equal to that of the fourth filter layer; the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are respectively loaded with different functional particles, so that the removal effect on different pollutants is enhanced.
2. The multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material of claim 1, wherein the second, third and fourth filter layers are made of one or more of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl alcohol.
3. The multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material of claim 1, wherein the first filter layer is made of one of polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, polylactic acid, polyurethane, polyamide, or polyphenylene sulfide.
4. The multi-stage fibrous multi-functional gradient filter material of claim 1, wherein the first filter layer has a fiber diameter of 1-10 μm; the fiber diameter of the second filter layer is 500-1000 nm; the fiber diameter of the third filter layer is 200-500 nm; the fiber diameter of the fourth filter layer is 50-200 nm.
5. The multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material of claim 1, wherein the functional particulate matter carried by the second filter layer is activated carbon particulate matter; the functional particles loaded on the third filter layer are antibacterial agent particles; the functional particles loaded on the fourth filter layer are noble metal particles.
6. The multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first filter layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the second filter layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the third filter layer.
7. A method for preparing a multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) setting four spinning units, respectively and correspondingly preparing the first filter layer, the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer, and connecting the four spinning units through a net curtain;
2) respectively mixing the functional particles into the spinning solution of the corresponding filter layer;
3) preparing a first filter layer on the net curtain, and then conveying the first filter layer to the next spinning unit through the net curtain;
4) when the net curtain runs to the second filter layer spinning unit, preparing a second filter layer on the first filter layer, and compounding the second filter layer and the first filter layer through self-adhesion; then, the fiber is conveyed to the next spinning unit through a net curtain;
5) when the net curtain runs to a third filter layer spinning unit, preparing a third filter layer on the second filter layer, and compounding the third filter layer and the second filter layer through self-adhesion; then, the fiber is conveyed to the next spinning unit through a net curtain;
6) when the net curtain runs to a fourth filter layer spinning unit, preparing a fourth filter layer on the third filter layer, and compounding the fourth filter layer and the third filter layer through self-adhesion;
7) and (5) completing the preparation and entering the next working procedure.
8. The method for preparing a multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first filter layer is melt spun to obtain fibers with desired diameter by controlling temperature and drawing force; the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are all solution spun, and fibers with required diameters are obtained by controlling the concentration of a spinning solution.
9. The method for preparing a multifunctional gradient filter material of multi-stage fiber as claimed in claim 7, wherein each functional particulate matter is selected by a particle sieving device and subjected to electro-electret or water-electret treatment to charge the surface thereof; meanwhile, the surface of the particles is subjected to hydrophilic treatment or the surface roughness of the particles is changed to change the surface energy of the particles; the functional particles are also uniformly dispersed in the spinning solution by mechanical stirring or ultrasonic waves.
10. The method for preparing a multi-stage fiber multifunctional gradient filter material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the distance between the spinning units is 5-100 cm.
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Citations (4)
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| CN105249567A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-01-20 | 华文蔚 | Disposable non-woven mask |
| CN106422522A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-22 | 清华大学 | Silk nano-fiber-based air filtering device |
| CN109012218A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-18 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Four layers of composite micro-nano rice fiber air filter membrane of one kind and its application |
| CN111020876A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-17 | 南通大学 | High-efficiency filtering material with gradient structure and production method thereof |
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2021
- 2021-06-30 CN CN202110730770.1A patent/CN113426202A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106422522A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-22 | 清华大学 | Silk nano-fiber-based air filtering device |
| CN105249567A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-01-20 | 华文蔚 | Disposable non-woven mask |
| CN109012218A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-18 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Four layers of composite micro-nano rice fiber air filter membrane of one kind and its application |
| CN111020876A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-17 | 南通大学 | High-efficiency filtering material with gradient structure and production method thereof |
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