CN113421690A - Copper-tin alloy contact wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Copper-tin alloy contact wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113421690A CN113421690A CN202110629685.6A CN202110629685A CN113421690A CN 113421690 A CN113421690 A CN 113421690A CN 202110629685 A CN202110629685 A CN 202110629685A CN 113421690 A CN113421690 A CN 113421690A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0045—Cable-harnesses
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Abstract
The application particularly discloses a copper-tin alloy contact wire and a preparation method thereof. A copper-tin alloy contact wire comprises the following elements, by weight, 0.5% -0.6% of tin; oxygen is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; 0.005-0.04% of lanthanum; 0.001 to 0.01 percent of zirconium; the total weight of lanthanum, zirconium and other impurities is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; the balance being copper; it has the advantages of high mechanical strength and good conductivity. The preparation method of the copper-tin alloy comprises the following steps: smelting, upward continuous casting, extrusion forming and drawing forming.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of electrical alloy materials, in particular to a copper-tin alloy contact wire and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The contact line is a power supply facility used in an electrified railway contact system for supplying power to a train moving at a high speed. During operation of an electrified railway, the contact wire is subjected not only to a large suspension tension, but also to the thermal effects caused by the passage of electric current. Therefore, the contact line also needs to have higher tensile strength and wear resistance and corrosion resistance on the premise of having lower resistivity. With the continuous speed increase of trains, higher requirements are also put on the performance of contact wires.
In the related field, a copper-silver alloy, a copper-tin alloy, a copper-magnesium alloy, etc. are often used for the contact line, and in order to improve various parameters of the contact line, other trace elements, such as niobium, cobalt, nickel, yttrium, scandium, zirconium, silicon, tellurium, etc., are also added to the contact line during the production process, and after the contact line is modified by these elements, a series of parameters of tensile strength, plasticity, resistivity, etc. of the contact line can be improved.
However, when a plurality of trace elements are added, more impurities are inevitably introduced, the types and the amount of the impurities are also uncontrollably increased along with the increase of the composition of the trace elements, and the introduction of the impurities can influence various parameters of the contact line, for example, the existence of iron element can increase the resistivity of the contact line; the doping of elements such as sulfur, oxygen, hydrogen and the like can cause the plasticity of the contact line to be poor; the incorporation of lead reduces the tensile strength and tensile properties of the contact wire. Therefore, the difficulty of selecting trace elements in actual production is high, the requirement on the purity of raw materials is high, the production process is complex, and the industrial mass production is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to simplify the raw material ratio and facilitate industrial mass production, the application provides a copper-tin alloy contact wire and a preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a copper-tin alloy contact wire, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a copper-tin alloy contact wire comprises the following elements, by weight, 0.5% -0.6% of tin; oxygen is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; 0.005-0.04% of lanthanum; 0.001 to 0.01 percent of zirconium; the total weight of lanthanum, zirconium and other impurities is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; the balance being copper.
By adopting the technical scheme, the prepared contact line has higher tensile strength and longer tensile rate by adjusting the elements of copper, tin, lanthanum and zirconium, so that the contact line can be applied to a railway section for supplying power to a train, and particularly can be applied to a railway section of 300-350 km/h. And because the copper-tin alloy contact line has lower resistivity, the energy loss in the power transportation of a railway power grid and the heating phenomenon of the contact line are reduced, and the durability of the contact line is improved. The copper-tin alloy has simple raw material components and proportion, is easy to realize, is slightly limited by the raw materials, and is convenient for industrial mass production.
Preferably, the copper-tin alloy contact line comprises the following elements, namely 0.5-0.6% of tin; oxygen is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; 0.02 to 0.04 percent of lanthanum; 0.001 to 0.01 percent of zirconium; the total weight of lanthanum, zirconium and other impurities is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; the balance being copper.
The weight percentage of the lanthanum element in the copper-tin alloy contact line can be 0.03%; the weight percentage of the zirconium element may be 0.005%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the addition of the lanthanum element and the zirconium element can refine grains, so that the tensile strength and the elongation of the contact line are improved, and the thermal stability of the contact line is enhanced. The increase of the proportion of the lanthanum element can also make the surface of the contact line smoother, thereby reducing the abrasion of the prepared contact line in the using process.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a copper-tin alloy contact line, which adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a copper-tin alloy contact line comprises the following steps:
smelting, namely mixing and heating the raw materials of copper, tin, lanthanum and zirconium according to the proportion to 1145-1165 ℃, and smelting; charcoal and graphite flakes are covered above the raw materials during smelting;
upward continuous casting, namely inserting a crystallizer into the alloy solution, cooling the crystallizer by water, wherein the temperature difference between inlet water and outlet water of the crystallizer is 5-15 ℃; continuously casting a blank rod;
extrusion molding, namely placing the blank rod in an extruder and continuously extruding the blank rod into an alloy extrusion rod;
and (3) drawing forming, namely cold drawing the alloy extrusion rod, wherein multiple passes of forming are adopted during drawing, and the compression ratio of each pass is 10-23%.
Preferably, the temperature during melting can be 1145 ℃, 1150 ℃, 1155 ℃, 1160 ℃ and 1165 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the raw materials are smelted in the smelting furnace and then are drawn by the guide rod by the upward-drawing method, so that the copper-tin alloy contact wire is produced, the production continuity of the whole set of procedures is strong, the working efficiency is high, and the product quality is stable. The melting temperature in the production process has great influence on the mechanical property and the electrical property of the later contact wire, and within a reasonable range, the tensile strength and the electrical conductivity of the contact wire are increased along with the increase of the melting temperature, but when the temperature is too high, various parameters of the contact wire are obviously reduced.
The addition of the lanthanum element and the zirconium element refines alloy grains, and improves the tensile strength and the elongation of the alloy. When the copper-tin alloy is subjected to cold drawing at a compression ratio of not more than 23%, all parts of the copper-tin alloy are uniformly extended, and the prepared contact line is complete and smooth; the defect that micro cracks are generated inside the contact line in the drawing process, so that the contact line strength is influenced is reduced. When the compression ratio of the copper-tin alloy is too large during the drawing process, the contact line is easy to break, or cracks are generated inside the contact line, so that the performance of the contact line is affected.
Preferably, 4 drawing steps can be selected in the drawing process, and the diameter of the obtained contact line is controlled according to the diameter of the alloy extrusion rod and the compression ratio during each drawing step.
Preferably, the copper oxygen content of the raw material is not more than 0.001%.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the raw material copper is used as the most main basic component in the copper-tin alloy contact line, the doping of oxygen element is reduced, the content of other impurity elements is reduced and the purity of the prepared copper-tin alloy is improved by limiting the quality of the raw material copper.
Preferably, the thickness of the charcoal is 120-150 mm; the thickness of the graphite flake is 80-120 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the charcoal and the graphite flakes are covered above the alloy solution, the alloy solution is isolated from the outside, and the doping of external impurities, especially oxygen, is reduced, so that the quality of the alloy is improved.
Preferably, the lower end of the crystallizer extends into the position 130-180 mm below the alloy liquid level.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the crystallizer extends into the lower end of the alloy liquid level, on one hand, in the process of continuous casting of the leading rod, the alloy solution sucked by the crystallizer is far away from the surface of the alloy solution, so that the doping of external impurities in the leading casting process is reduced, on the other hand, the pressure is more stable during leading casting, and tiny bubbles in the copper-tin alloy blank rod are reduced, so that the integral mechanical strength of a copper-tin alloy contact line is improved, and the resistivity of the contact line is reduced.
Preferably, the drawing pitch in the upward continuous casting is 3-5 mm, and the casting speed is 180-300 mm/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the drawing pitch and the drawing casting speed are limited, so that the drawing casting process is more uniform and continuous, and the quality of the copper-tin alloy billet rod is improved.
Preferably, the blank rod is cleaned and dried before extrusion forming in the step.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the stock pole is through wasing the stoving back, and the outer wall of stock pole is cleaner, and is smooth, level and smooth to make things convenient for the drawing forming in later stage.
Preferably, in the step of extrusion molding, the working pressure of the extruder is 1000-1100 MPa, and the extrusion temperature is 450-650 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the extruder extrudes the blank rod, so that the mechanical property of the contact wire is further improved, and the tensile strength of the contact wire is further improved.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the copper-tin alloy contact wire is prepared from copper, tin, lanthanum and zirconium, can be suitable for a 200-plus-one 250km/h iron road section, and can also be suitable for a 300-plus-one 350km/h iron road section, and has the advantages of high strength, wear resistance, good conductivity and the like. The copper-tin alloy contact wire is simple in raw material components and proportion, small in limitation of raw materials and convenient for industrial mass production.
2. The method further improves various performances of the contact wire and the performance of the contact wire by further optimizing various parameters in the production process and production.
Detailed Description
The raw materials used in the application can be obtained by commercial purchase
The raw material copper used in the present application is copper with the grade of c10100(ASTM American standard grade for copper alloys).
Example 1
A copper-tin alloy contact wire is prepared from 99.494kg of high-purity cathode copper, 0.5kg of tin ingot, 0.005kg of lanthanum ingot and 0.001kg of zirconium ingot.
Example 2
A copper-tin alloy contact wire is prepared from 99.425kg of high-purity cathode copper, 0.55kg of tin ingot, 0.02kg of lanthanum ingot and 0.005kg of zirconium ingot.
Example 3
A copper-tin alloy contact wire is prepared from 99.35kg of high-purity cathode copper, 0.6kg of tin ingot, 0.04kg of lanthanum ingot and 0.01kg of zirconium ingot.
Example 4
A copper-tin alloy contact wire is prepared from 99.415kg of high-purity cathode copper, 0.55kg of tin ingot, 0.03kg of lanthanum ingot and 0.005kg of zirconium ingot.
Example 5
A copper-tin alloy contact wire is prepared from 99.415kg of high-purity cathode copper, 0.55kg of tin ingot, 0.04kg of lanthanum ingot and 0.005kg of zirconium ingot.
Examples 1-5 were prepared as follows:
smelting, namely mixing and heating the raw materials of copper, tin, lanthanum and zirconium according to the proportion to 1165 ℃, and smelting; when smelting, charcoal and graphite flakes are covered above the raw materials, the thickness of the charcoal is 120mm, and the thickness of the graphite flakes is 80mm
Upward continuous casting, namely inserting a crystallizer into the alloy solution, cooling the crystallizer by water, wherein the temperature difference between inlet water and outlet water of the crystallizer is 5 +/-0.5 ℃, and the lower end of the crystallizer is inserted 130mm below the alloy liquid level; continuously casting the blank rods, wherein the traction pitch is 3mm, and the casting speed is 180 mm/min;
cleaning, namely sequentially passing the blank rod through a scrubbing machine, an ultrasonic cleaning machine and a drying machine to clean and dry;
and (3) extrusion molding, namely placing the blank rod in an extruder, and continuously extruding the blank rod into an alloy extrusion rod, wherein the working pressure of the extruder is 1000MPa, and the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃.
And (3) drawing forming, namely cold drawing the alloy extrusion rod, wherein 4-pass forming is adopted during drawing, and the compression ratio of each pass is 10%.
Example 6
The difference from the example 2 is that the melting temperature of the example is 1160 ℃ when preparing the copper-tin alloy contact line.
Example 7
The difference from the example 2 is that the melting temperature of the example is 1155 ℃ when the copper-tin alloy contact wire is prepared.
Example 8
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that the melting temperature of the embodiment is 1150 ℃ when preparing the copper-tin alloy contact wire.
Example 9
The difference from the example 2 is that the melting temperature of the example is 1145 ℃ when preparing the copper-tin alloy contact wire.
Comparative example 1
A copper-tin alloy contact wire is prepared from 99.45kg of high-purity cathode copper with oxygen content not more than 0.001 wt% and 0.55kg of tin ingot, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 2.
Comparative example 2
A copper-tin alloy contact wire is prepared from 99kg of high-purity cathode copper with oxygen content not more than 0.001 wt%, 0.55kg of tin ingot, 0.35kg of lanthanum ingot and 0.1kg of zirconium ingot, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 2.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 4 is that the melting temperature of this example is 1180 ℃ when preparing the copper-tin alloy contact wire.
Performance test
The performance of the copper-tin alloy contact wires prepared in the examples 1-10 and the preparation examples 1-4 is detected according to a detection method disclosed in the railroad industry standard TB/T2809-2017 of the people's republic of China.
The detection range includes:
1. size detection
1.1. Dimension A cross-sectional diameter (height) (unit: mm);
1.2. dimension B is the cross-sectional width (in mm).
2. Mechanical properties
2.1. Tensile strength (unit: MPa);
2.2. and (3) elongation.
3. Electric conductivity
3.1 resistivity (20 ℃ C.) (unit: Ω. mm2/m)。
The tensile strength and the resistivity (20 ℃) are calculated according to the actually measured contact line sectional area.
TABLE 1 Performance test of examples 1-10 and comparative examples 1-4
As can be seen from the combination of examples 1, 2 and 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2 and the combination of table 1, by controlling the ratio of the amounts of copper, tin, lanthanum and zirconium, the prepared copper-tin alloy contact line has better tensile strength and lower resistivity, the durability of the contact line is improved, and the failure rate is reduced. The lower resistivity reduces the energy loss when the contact wire is electrified, reduces the heating of the contact wire and further improves the durability of the contact wire. The copper-tin alloy contact wire prepared in the embodiment of the application can be applied to the road section of 200-250km/h, and can be further applied to the road section of 300-350km/h, so that the applicability of the copper-tin alloy contact wire to various road sections is improved.
In combination with examples 2, 4 and 5, it can be seen that the tensile strength and the elongation of the copper-tin alloy contact line are gradually increased with the increase of the dosage of lanthanum, which indicates that the addition of lanthanum can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. Therefore, the prepared contact line can be suitable for more scenes.
It can be seen from the combination of examples 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and comparative example 3 that the melting temperature has an effect on the tensile strength and resistivity of the copper-tin alloy contact lines. In the melting temperature range of 1145-1165 ℃, the increase of the melting temperature can increase the tensile strength of the contact line and reduce the resistivity, and the increment of the tensile strength is gradually reduced along with the increase of the temperature. When the melting temperature is too high and reaches 1180 ℃, a significant reduction in the tensile strength of the contact wire results. The possible reasons are that the crystallized grains are coarse easily caused by excessive increase of the smelting temperature, and the burning loss of the lanthanum element and the tin element is serious, so that the brittleness of the prepared contact line is increased, the toughness is reduced, and the tensile strength of the copper-tin alloy is influenced.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A copper-tin alloy contact wire is characterized in that: comprises the following elements, 0.5-0.6% of tin; oxygen is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; 0.005-0.04% of lanthanum; 0.001 to 0.01 percent of zirconium; the total weight of lanthanum, zirconium and other impurities is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; the balance being copper.
2. The copper-tin alloy contact wire of claim 1, wherein: comprises the following elements, 0.5-0.6% of tin; oxygen is less than or equal to 0.003 percent; 0.02 to 0.04 percent of lanthanum; 0.001 to 0.01 percent of zirconium; the total weight of lanthanum, zirconium and other impurities is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; the balance being copper.
3. The method for preparing the copper-tin alloy contact line as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
smelting, namely mixing and heating the raw materials of copper, tin, lanthanum and zirconium according to the proportion to 1145-1165 ℃, and smelting; charcoal and graphite flakes are covered above the raw materials during smelting;
upward continuous casting, namely inserting a crystallizer into the alloy solution, cooling the crystallizer by water, wherein the temperature difference between inlet water and outlet water of the crystallizer is 5-15 ℃; continuously casting a blank rod;
extrusion molding, namely placing the blank rod in an extruder and continuously extruding the blank rod into an alloy extrusion rod;
and (3) drawing forming, namely cold drawing the alloy extrusion rod, wherein multiple passes of forming are adopted during drawing, and the compression ratio of each pass is 10-23%.
4. The method for preparing a copper-tin alloy contact line according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the copper oxygen content of the raw material is not more than 0.001%.
5. The method for preparing a copper-tin alloy contact line according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the charcoal is 120-150 mm; the thickness of the graphite flake is 80-120 mm.
6. The method for preparing a copper-tin alloy contact line according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the lower end of the crystallizer extends into the position 130-180 mm below the alloy liquid level.
7. The method for preparing a copper-tin alloy contact line according to claim 3 or 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step, the traction pitch in upward continuous casting is 3-5 mm, and the casting speed is 180-300 mm/min.
8. The method for preparing a copper-tin alloy contact line according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the blank rod is cleaned and dried before extrusion forming.
9. The method for preparing a copper-tin alloy contact line according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the extrusion molding step, the working pressure of an extruder is 1000-1100 MPa, and the extrusion temperature is 450-650 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116411202A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-11 | 无锡市蓝格林金属材料科技有限公司 | Copper-tin alloy wire and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112281018A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-29 | 中铁建电气化局集团康远新材料有限公司 | High-strength high-conductivity copper-tin alloy contact wire and preparation process thereof |
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2021
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| US5705125A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1998-01-06 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Wire for electric railways |
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Application publication date: 20210921 |