CN113421023A - Farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation method and system - Google Patents
Farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation method and a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation system, which relate to the technical field of soil health evaluation. The method is used for quantitatively evaluating the health condition of farmland soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil health evaluation, in particular to a method and a system for evaluating the health of a farmland soil ecosystem.
Background
Soil health has become one of the standards for soil protection and sustainable development of agricultural production. The existing farmland soil health evaluation indexes basically take physicochemical properties and biological properties of soil as main materials, and lack unified and comprehensive analysis and evaluation on soil environment quality, nutrient level, biology, respiration and other states. In addition, the existing analysis method for soil health mainly comprises a principal component analysis method and a comprehensive index method. The principal component analysis method can accurately and objectively screen the variability of the soil attribute, and the comprehensive index method can eliminate artificial subjective factors, and meanwhile, the formula after correction can also highlight the influence of the worst factor (namely the law of the minimum factor: any specific factor with the minimum quantity lower than the requirement of a certain organism is a fundamental factor for determining the survival and distribution of the organism) in the soil attribute on the soil health. The advantages and the disadvantages of different evaluation indexes have the characteristics of ambiguity and continuity, and meanwhile, the actual measurement values of the different evaluation indexes have different dimensions. Therefore, the invention provides a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation method and system with more systematic and comprehensive indexes and more scientific method, which comprises primary indexes such as soil environment, soil nutrients, soil organisms, soil respiration and the like and corresponding secondary and tertiary indexes, integrates the respective advantages of a principal component analysis method and a comprehensive index method, and quantificationally and comprehensively evaluates the health of a farmland soil ecosystem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation method and system. The method is used for quantitatively evaluating the health condition of farmland soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation method comprises the following steps:
determining measurement indexes of the soil, wherein the measurement indexes comprise a first-level index, a second-level index and a third-level index, and the measurement indexes are divided into S-type indexes, trapezoidal indexes and inverse S-type indexes according to content standards of the first-level index, the second-level index and the third-level index in the soil;
establishing a membership function of S-type index evaluation, and calculating a membership value of the S-type index to obtain the membership value of the S-type index;
establishing a membership function of trapezoidal index evaluation, and calculating a membership value of a trapezoidal index to obtain the membership value of the trapezoidal index;
establishing a membership function of the evaluation of the reverse S-shaped index, and calculating a membership value of the reverse S-shaped index to obtain the membership value of the reverse S-shaped index;
carrying out range standardization on the membership value of the S-type index, the membership value of the trapezoidal index and the membership value of the reverse S-type index;
performing principal component analysis on each index data after the range standardization, and calculating the weight of each index;
calculating according to the membership value of each index and the weight of each index to obtain a soil health comprehensive evaluation index;
and grading the comprehensive evaluation index of the soil health, and evaluating the soil health condition according to the graded comprehensive evaluation index of the soil health.
Optionally, the primary index includes: soil environment, soil nutrients, soil organisms and soil respiration;
the secondary indexes include: soil pH value, soil heavy metal, novel pollutants, soil organic matters, soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium, microbial diversity, soil enzyme activity, respiration rate and greenhouse gas emission;
the three-level indexes comprise: pH value, copper, lead, arsenic, chromium, mercury, zinc, cadmium, nickel, aureomycin, doxycycline, terramycin, tetracycline, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfanilamide resistance gene, tetracycline resistance gene, quinolone resistance gene, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, urease, sucrase, alkaline phosphataseAcid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase, and CO2Flux, CH4And N2O。
Optionally, the more the S-type index indicates, the better the index content is; the trapezoid index represents that the index content has an optimal range; the inverse S-type index indicates that the lower the index content, the better.
Optionally, the membership function of the S-type index evaluation is:
mu (x) is a membership function, x is an index value, a and b are respectively a lower limit and an upper limit of an index threshold, and the specific values of a and b are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1
Optionally, the membership function of the trapezoidal index evaluation is:
mu (x) is a membership function, x is an index measured value, a1,a2,b1,b2Respectively, are critical values of the index.
Optionally, the membership function of the inverse S-type index evaluation is:
mu (x) is a membership function, x is an index measured value, a and b are respectively a lower limit and an upper limit of an index threshold value, and the upper limit and the lower limit of the threshold value of each index are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
Optionally, the data range normalization processing formula is as follows:
for the S-type index:
wherein, X1Denotes the value of S-type index after normalization, XiIndicates the original value of the index, Ximin represents the minimum index, Ximax represents the index maximum;
for the inverse S-type index:
wherein, X1Denotes the value, X, of the inverse S-type index after normalizationiIndicates the original value of the index, Ximin represents the minimum index, Ximax represents the index maximum value.
Optionally, the weight calculation formula of each index is as follows:
wherein, Component Capacityi is the factor load of the i-th soil quality factor.
Optionally, the soil health comprehensive evaluation index is divided into five levels, wherein the first level is extremely healthy, the second level is healthy, the third level is sub-healthy, the fourth level is unhealthy, and the fifth level is pathological, and is specifically shown in the following table:
TABLE 3
The invention also provides a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation system, which comprises the following components:
the soil measurement index determining and grading unit is used for determining the soil measurement index, and the soil measurement index is divided into a first-level index, a second-level index and a third-level index;
the index classification unit is used for classifying the measurement indexes into S-type indexes, trapezoidal indexes and inverse S-type indexes according to the content standard of the measurement indexes in the soil;
the membership function establishing unit is used for establishing a membership function of the S-type index evaluation and calculating the membership value of the S-type index to obtain the membership value of the S-type index;
the trapezoidal index evaluation membership function establishing unit is used for establishing a membership function of trapezoidal index evaluation and calculating the membership value of the trapezoidal index to obtain the membership value of the trapezoidal index;
the membership function establishing unit is used for establishing a membership function of the reverse S-type index evaluation and calculating the membership value of the reverse S-type index to obtain the membership value of the reverse S-type index;
the range standardization processing unit is used for carrying out range standardization processing on the membership value of the S-type index, the membership value of the trapezoid index and the membership value of the inverse S-type index;
a weight calculation unit for performing principal component analysis on each index data after the range standardization and calculating the weight of each index;
the soil health comprehensive evaluation index calculation unit is used for calculating to obtain a soil health comprehensive evaluation index according to the membership value of each index and the weight of each index;
and the grading evaluation unit is used for grading the soil health comprehensive evaluation index and evaluating the soil health condition according to the graded soil health comprehensive evaluation index.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: according to the method, based on the established farmland soil health evaluation system, membership functions of soil properties and soil functions are established by adopting a fuzzy comprehensive index method, and the weight of each factor is determined by a principal component analysis method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation method provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation system unit provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation method and system. The method is used for quantitatively evaluating the health condition of farmland soil.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: determining measurement indexes of the soil, wherein the measurement indexes comprise a first-level index, a second-level index and a third-level index, and the measurement indexes are divided into S-type indexes, trapezoidal indexes and inverse S-type indexes according to content standards of the first-level index, the second-level index and the third-level index in the soil;
wherein, the first-level indexes comprise: soil environment, soil nutrients, soil organisms and soil respiration; the secondary indexes include: soil pH value, soil heavy metal, novel pollutants, soil organic matters, soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium, microbial diversity, soil enzyme activity, respiration rate and greenhouse gas emission; the three-level indexes comprise: pH value, copper, lead, arsenic, chromium, mercury, zinc, cadmium, nickel, aureomycin, doxycycline, terramycin, tetracycline, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfanilamide resistance gene, tetracycline resistance gene, quinolone resistance gene, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, urease, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase, CO, and2flux, CH4And N2O。
Wherein, the S-type index is upward type, i.e. the more the content is, the better; the trapezoidal index is trapezoidal, namely the content has the optimum range; the reverse S-type index is downward, i.e. the lower the content, the better; the S-type index includes: organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of soil chemical properties; urease, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase, soil respiration rate of biological nature. The trapezoidal index includes: the pH value; the inverse S-type indicators include: heavy metal, CH4、N2O, antibiotics, and resistance genes. And substituting the measured value of each index into a membership function for calculation to obtain a standard score value, namely membership.
S2: establishing a membership function of S-type index evaluation, and calculating a membership value of the S-type index to obtain the membership value of the S-type index; establishing a membership function of trapezoidal index evaluation, and calculating a membership value of a trapezoidal index to obtain the membership value of the trapezoidal index; establishing a membership function of the evaluation of the reverse S-shaped index, and calculating a membership value of the reverse S-shaped index to obtain the membership value of the reverse S-shaped index;
the membership function of the S-type index evaluation is as follows:
mu (x) is a membership function, x is an index value, and a and b are respectively a lower limit and an upper limit of an index threshold. The upper and lower threshold limits of each index are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The soil property and soil function effect curve is in an S shape, namely the index value of the evaluation factor in a certain range is in positive correlation with the soil function, and the influence of the change of the index value of the evaluation factor out of the range on the soil function is small.
The membership function of the trapezoidal index evaluation is as follows:
mu (x) is a membership function, x is an index measured value, a1,a2,b1,b2Respectively, are critical values of the index. The meaning of the method is that an optimal suitable range exists between the soil property and the soil function, and the optimal suitable range is beyond the optimal suitable range, so that the method is unfavorable for the growth of crops, and the crops cannot grow when the optimal suitable range is reached to a certain degree. For example, the pH of the soil may range from 6.0 to 7.5, and thus, a1,a2,b1,b26.0, 8.31, 8.22 and 7.5 respectively.
The membership function of the evaluation of the inverse S-type index is as follows:
mu (x) is a membership function, x is an index measured value, and a and b are respectively a lower limit and an upper limit of an index threshold. The upper and lower threshold limits of each index are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
The soil property and soil function effect curve is in an inverse S shape, namely the index value of the evaluation factor is in negative correlation with the soil function in a certain range, and the influence of the change of the index value of the evaluation factor on the soil function is smaller when the index value is not in the range.
S3: carrying out range standardization on the membership value of the S-type index, the membership value of the trapezoidal index and the membership value of the reverse S-type index;
specifically, the data range normalization processing formula is as follows:
for the S-type index:
wherein, X1Denotes the value of S-type index after normalization, XiIndicates the original value of the index, Ximin represents the minimum index, Ximax represents the index maximum;
for the inverse S-type index:
wherein, X1Denotes the value, X, of the inverse S-type index after normalizationiIndicates the original value of the index, Ximin represents the minimum index, Ximax represents the index maximum value.
S4: performing principal component analysis on each index data after the range standardization, and calculating the weight of each index;
specifically, the SPSS24 software is used to perform principal component analysis on each index data after being aligned to obtain principal component eigenvalue, contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of each index, the load of each index on the principal component is obtained through the principal component eigenvalue, contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of each index and the factor load matrix, and then the weight calculation formula is substituted to calculate the weight of each index.
The weight calculation formula of each index is as follows:
wherein, Component Capacityi is the factor load of the i-th soil quality factor.
S5: calculating according to the membership value of each index and the weight of each index to obtain a soil health comprehensive evaluation index;
specifically, soil health is comprehensively influenced by soil attributes, so after soil is subjected to single-factor evaluation, the single-factor evaluation result needs to be converted into comprehensive evaluation of soil health formed by various evaluation factors, and a soil health comprehensive index SQI is calculated:
wherein SQI represents soil health comprehensive evaluation index, XiMembership value, W, representing the ith evaluation factoriThe weight of the ith evaluation factor is represented, and n represents the number of evaluation indexes. Its physical significance lies in XiThe membership degree of each evaluation factor reflects the quality of each evaluation factor; wiThe weight of each evaluation factor reflects the importance degree of each evaluation factor; xi×WiThe contribution rate of each evaluation factor to the soil quality is reflected; the addition operation embodies the parallel action among all evaluation factors.
S6: and grading the comprehensive evaluation index of the soil health, and evaluating the soil health condition according to the graded comprehensive evaluation index of the soil health.
Specifically, the results of grading the soil health comprehensive evaluation index are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
According to the method, based on the established farmland soil health evaluation system, membership functions of soil properties and soil functions are established by adopting a fuzzy comprehensive index method, and the weight of each factor is determined by a principal component analysis method.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation system corresponding to embodiment 1, including:
the soil measurement index determining and grading unit is used for determining the soil measurement index, and the soil measurement index is divided into a first-level index, a second-level index and a third-level index;
the index classification unit is used for classifying the measurement indexes into S-type indexes, trapezoidal indexes and inverse S-type indexes according to the content standard of the measurement indexes in the soil;
the index evaluation membership function establishing unit is used for establishing a membership function of S-type index evaluation and calculating the membership value of the S-type index to obtain the membership value of the S-type index; the system comprises a trapezoidal index evaluation unit, a numerical control unit and a control unit, wherein the trapezoidal index evaluation unit is used for establishing a membership function of trapezoidal index evaluation and calculating a membership value of a trapezoidal index to obtain the membership value of the trapezoidal index; the system comprises a first calculation module, a second calculation module, a first calculation module and a second calculation module, wherein the first calculation module is used for calculating a membership value of an inverse S-type index;
the range standardization processing unit is used for carrying out range standardization processing on the membership value of the S-type index, the membership value of the trapezoid index and the membership value of the inverse S-type index;
a weight calculation unit for performing principal component analysis on each index data after the range standardization and calculating the weight of each index;
the soil health comprehensive evaluation index calculation unit is used for calculating to obtain a soil health comprehensive evaluation index according to the membership value of each index and the weight of each index;
and the grading evaluation unit is used for grading the soil health comprehensive evaluation index and evaluating the soil health condition according to the graded soil health comprehensive evaluation index.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining measurement indexes of soil, wherein the measurement indexes comprise a first-level index, a second-level index and a third-level index, and the measurement indexes are divided into S-type indexes, trapezoidal indexes and reverse S-type indexes according to content standards of the first-level index, the second-level index and the third-level index in the soil;
establishing a membership function of S-type index evaluation, and calculating a membership value of the S-type index to obtain the membership value of the S-type index;
establishing a membership function of trapezoidal index evaluation, and calculating a membership value of the trapezoidal index to obtain the membership value of the trapezoidal index;
establishing a membership function of the evaluation of the reverse S-shaped index, and calculating the membership value of the reverse S-shaped index to obtain the membership value of the reverse S-shaped index;
carrying out range standardization on the membership value of the S-shaped index, the membership value of the trapezoidal index and the membership value of the inverse S-shaped index;
performing principal component analysis on each index data after the range standardization, and calculating the weight of each index;
calculating to obtain a soil health comprehensive evaluation index according to the membership value of each index and the weight of each index;
and grading the soil health comprehensive evaluation index, and evaluating the soil health condition according to the graded soil health comprehensive evaluation index.
2. The farmland soil ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the primary indicators include: soil environment, soil nutrients, soil organisms and soil respiration;
the secondary indicators include: soil pH value, soil heavy metal, novel pollutants, soil organic matters, soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium, microbial diversity, soil enzyme activity, respiration rate and greenhouse gas emission;
the three-level indexes comprise: pH value, copper, lead, arsenic, chromium, mercury, zinc, cadmium, nickel, aureomycin, doxycycline, terramycin, tetracycline, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfanilamide resistance gene, tetracycline resistance gene, quinolone resistance gene, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, urease, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase, CO, and2flux, CH4And N2O。
3. The farmland soil ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the S-type index indicates that the more the index content, the better; the trapezoid index represents that the index content has an optimal range; the reverse S-type index indicates that the lower the index content, the better.
4. The farmland soil ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the membership function of the S-type index assessment is:
mu (x) is a membership function, x is an index value, a and b are respectively a lower limit and an upper limit of an index threshold, and the specific values of a and b are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1
5. The farmland soil ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the membership function of the trapezoidal index assessment is:
mu (x) is a membership function, x is an index measured value, a1,a2,b1,b2Respectively, are critical values of the index.
6. The farmland soil ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the membership function of the inverse S-shaped index assessment is:
mu (x) is a membership function, x is an index measured value, a and b are respectively a lower limit and an upper limit of an index threshold, and the specific values of a and b are shown in the following table:
TABLE 2
7. The farmland soil ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the data range standardization processing formula is as follows:
for the S-type index:
wherein, X1Denotes the value of S-type index after normalization, XiIndicates the original value of the index, Ximin represents the minimum index, Ximax represents the index maximum;
for the inverse S-type index:
wherein, X1Denotes the value, X, of the inverse S-type index after normalizationiIndicates the original value of the index, Ximin represents the minimum index, Ximax represents the index maximum value.
8. The farmland soil ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the weight calculation formula of each index is as follows:
wherein, Component Capacityi is the factor load of the i-th soil quality factor.
9. The farmland soil ecosystem health assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the soil health comprehensive assessment index is divided into five levels, wherein the first level is extremely healthy, the second level is healthy, the third level is sub-healthy, the fourth level is unhealthy, and the fifth level is ill; the details are shown in the following table:
TABLE 3
10. A farmland soil ecosystem health evaluation system is characterized by comprising the following units:
the soil measurement index determining and grading unit is used for determining the soil measurement index, and the soil measurement index is divided into a first-level index, a second-level index and a third-level index;
the index classification unit is used for classifying the measurement indexes into S-type indexes, trapezoidal indexes and reverse S-type indexes according to the content standard of the measurement indexes in the soil;
the index evaluation membership function establishing unit is used for establishing a membership function of S-type index evaluation and calculating the membership value of the S-type index to obtain the membership value of the S-type index; the system comprises a trapezoidal index evaluation unit, a trapezoidal index calculation unit and a trapezoidal index calculation unit, wherein the trapezoidal index evaluation unit is used for establishing a membership function of trapezoidal index evaluation and calculating a membership value of the trapezoidal index to obtain the membership value of the trapezoidal index; the system comprises a first calculation module, a second calculation module, a first calculation module and a second calculation module, wherein the first calculation module is used for calculating a membership value of an inverse S-shaped index;
the range standardization processing unit is used for carrying out range standardization processing on the membership value of the S-shaped index, the membership value of the trapezoidal index and the membership value of the inverse S-shaped index;
a weight calculation unit for performing principal component analysis on each index data after the range standardization and calculating the weight of each index;
the soil health comprehensive evaluation index calculation unit is used for calculating to obtain a soil health comprehensive evaluation index according to the membership value of each index and the weight of each index;
and the grading evaluation unit is used for grading the soil health comprehensive evaluation index and evaluating the soil health condition according to the graded soil health comprehensive evaluation index.
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