CN113419248A - Laser detection and range finding integrated system - Google Patents

Laser detection and range finding integrated system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113419248A
CN113419248A CN202110560834.8A CN202110560834A CN113419248A CN 113419248 A CN113419248 A CN 113419248A CN 202110560834 A CN202110560834 A CN 202110560834A CN 113419248 A CN113419248 A CN 113419248A
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China
Prior art keywords
space debris
ranging
unit
light
subsystem
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Pending
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CN202110560834.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李响
白东伟
宋延嵩
高亮
安岩
史浩东
刘壮
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Changchun University of Science and Technology
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Changchun University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202110560834.8A priority Critical patent/CN113419248A/en
Publication of CN113419248A publication Critical patent/CN113419248A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/04Systems determining the presence of a target
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G01S17/10Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/484Transmitters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486Receivers
    • G01S7/4865Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a laser detection and ranging integrated system, which comprises a tracking turntable subsystem, an optical telescope and a space debris detection and ranging light path, wherein the tracking turntable subsystem is arranged on the optical telescope; the light path after the space debris detection and ranging comprises a space debris ranging subsystem and a space debris detection subsystem; the optical telescope, the space debris ranging subsystem and the space debris detecting subsystem are fixedly arranged on the tracking turntable subsystem; the space debris ranging subsystem and the space debris detection subsystem share an optical telescope to perform beam contraction and beam expansion on light beams; the space debris detection subsystem is used for detecting space debris; the space debris ranging subsystem finishes ranging of space debris targets; the invention highly integrates laser ranging and detecting functions into an integrated system, realizes the integration of space debris detection and ranging, improves the use efficiency of the system and reduces energy loss.

Description

Laser detection and range finding integrated system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of space debris detection and ranging target identification, and particularly relates to a laser detection and ranging integrated system.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing activity of human aerospace, the increasing amount of space debris has seriously threatened the safety of in-orbit spacecraft. The space-based space debris detection system of each country starts to research on millimeter-scale key technology, and the single detection is developed towards multifunctional integrated detection. According to the current development situation of each country and the future space-based development trend, the space-based detection level of China is backward in development, and the space debris detection system gradually develops towards integration and multiple functions.
The original laser ranging system and the original detection system are single in function and low in efficiency, domestic related reports are consulted, and a space debris detection and ranging integrated system is not found at home temporarily. Therefore, a new technical solution is needed to combine the detection and ranging functions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser detection and ranging integrated system aiming at the technical difficulty of the current domestic space debris detection.
The invention is realized by the following scheme:
a laser detection and ranging integrated system, the system comprising: the system comprises a tracking rotary table subsystem 4, an optical telescope 1, a space debris detection and ranging optical path 2 and a galvanometer 5; the light path 2 after space debris detection and ranging comprises a space debris ranging subsystem and a space debris detection subsystem;
the optical telescope 1, the space debris ranging subsystem and the space debris detection subsystem are fixedly arranged on the tracking turntable subsystem 4; the space debris ranging subsystem and the space debris detection subsystem share the optical telescope 1 to perform beam contraction and beam expansion on light beams;
the space debris detection subsystem comprises a general investigation unit 3, a spectrum spectroscope 6, a spectrum detection unit 16, a fine tracking spectroscope 7 and a fine tracking unit 15; the general survey unit 3 is parallel to the optical axis of the optical telescope 1, the vibrating mirror 5 is arranged at the tail of the optical telescope 1 and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis, and the optical axis is changed to be vertical to the direction of the optical axis of the optical antenna through the vibrating mirror 5;
the space debris ranging subsystem comprises a duplex reflector 8, a ranging receiving unit 9, a ranging reflector 10, a ranging spectroscope 11, a ranging transmitting unit 14, a ranging timing reflector 12 and a ranging timing unit 13; the distance measuring and transmitting unit 14 consists of a distance measuring and transmitting lens and a laser and transmits distance measuring pulse laser; the duplex reflector 8 is used for separating distance measurement light emitting light and distance measurement receiving light; the distance measuring emission beam is emitted from the small hole of the duplex reflector 8, and the distance measuring echo is reflected to the distance measuring receiving unit 9 through the reflecting surface of the duplex reflector 8; the galvanometer 5 realizes the precise pointing to the distance measurement target; the distance measuring and receiving unit 9 is used for detecting laser echo; the distance measurement timing unit 13 records the distance measurement transmitting time; the ranging receiving unit 9 receives the ranging laser returned by the debris.
Further, in the space debris detection sub-system,
the general investigation unit 3 searches the uncertain region of the space debris, the general investigation unit 3 can find space debris targets in a large range, the space debris subsystem is guided to perform rough tracking on the space debris through the miss distance in the camera of the general investigation unit 3 and is stabilized in the field of view of the general investigation unit 3, the optical telescope 1 performs beam contraction on detection light beams and transmits the detection light beams to the vibrating mirror 5, the vibrating mirror 5 transmits the light beams to the spectrum spectroscope 6, and part of light enters the spectrum detection unit 16 to detect the material shape and the like of the space debris; the residual light is transmitted to the fine tracking spectroscope 7, the fine tracking spectroscope 7 is used for separating the distance measuring light from the detection light, the fine tracking spectroscope 7 reflects the detection light to the fine tracking unit 15, the fine tracking unit 15 feeds back to the galvanometer 5 through the miss distance information of the camera according to the reflected light received in the camera view field of the fine tracking unit 15, the galvanometer 5 compensates the residual error of the tracking turntable subsystem 4, the space debris target is stabilized in the fine tracking unit 15 view field, and the detection of the space debris is completed.
Further, in the space debris ranging subsystem,
the distance measuring emission unit 14 emits distance measuring light, the distance measuring light is transmitted to the distance measuring spectroscope 11, a part of the distance measuring light is reflected to the distance measuring timing reflector 12, the distance measuring timing reflector 12 reflects the distance measuring light to the distance measuring timing unit 13, the distance measuring timing unit 13 is 13, and the distance measuring light emission time is recorded. The other part of the distance measuring light is transmitted to a distance measuring reflector 10, the transmitted distance measuring light beam is emitted out through a small hole of a duplex reflector 8, passes through a fine tracking spectroscope 7 and a spectrum spectroscope 6 and is transmitted to a vibrating mirror 5, the vibrating mirror 5 reflects the light beam to an optical telescope 1, and the optical telescope 1 expands the distance measuring light beam and irradiates a space debris target;
the distance measuring light irradiates a space debris target and reflects a light beam to the optical telescope 1, the optical telescope 1 contracts the reflected distance measuring light and transmits the contracted distance measuring light to the vibrating mirror 5, the vibrating mirror 5 reflects the reflected distance measuring light to the spectrum spectroscope 6, the spectrum spectroscope 6 transmits the reflected distance measuring light to the fine tracking spectroscope 7, the fine tracking spectroscope 7 transmits the returned distance measuring light to the duplex reflector 8, the duplex reflector 8 reflects the returned distance measuring light to the distance measuring receiving unit 9, and the distance measuring receiving unit 9 records the return time of the distance measuring light; and the distance of the space debris is measured and calculated through the time difference recorded by the distance measurement timing unit 13 and the distance measurement receiving unit 9, so that the distance measurement of the space debris target is completed.
Further, since the ranging transmission unit 14 has the same wavelength as the ranging reception unit 9, the duplex mirror 8 is used to reduce energy loss for transmission and reception.
The invention has the beneficial effects
(1) The invention highly integrates the laser ranging and detecting functions into an integrated system, realizes the integration of space debris detection and ranging, integrates multiple functions and improves the use efficiency of the system.
(2) The invention adopts a common-caliber optical telescope for space debris detection and distance measurement through reasonable optical machine structure design, so that the structure is more miniaturized and compact, and the duplex reflector is reasonably used, thereby greatly improving the energy use efficiency of a distance measurement transmitting and distance measurement receiving end and reducing the energy loss. The design can be widely applied to various fields to complete various tasks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the space debris detection and ranging integrated system of the present invention;
wherein, 1 optical telescope; 2, detecting space debris and measuring distance to obtain a light path; 3 a general survey unit; 4 tracking the turntable subsystem; 5, a galvanometer; 6 a spectral spectroscope; 7 a fine tracking spectroscope; 8-fold mirrors; 9 a ranging receiving unit; 10 a distance measuring reflector; 11 a ranging spectroscope; 12 a distance measuring and timing reflector; 13 a distance measurement timing unit; 14 a ranging transmission unit; 15 a fine tracking unit; 16 spectral detection unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A laser detection and ranging integrated system, the system comprising: the system comprises a tracking rotary table subsystem 4, an optical telescope 1, a space debris detection and ranging optical path 2 and a galvanometer 5; the light path 2 after space debris detection and ranging comprises a space debris ranging subsystem and a space debris detection subsystem;
the optical telescope 1, the space debris ranging subsystem and the space debris detection subsystem are fixedly arranged on the tracking turntable subsystem 4; the space debris ranging subsystem and the space debris detection subsystem share the optical telescope 1 to perform beam contraction and beam expansion on light beams;
the space debris detection subsystem comprises a general investigation unit 3, a spectrum spectroscope 6, a spectrum detection unit 16, a fine tracking spectroscope 7 and a fine tracking unit 15; the general survey unit 3 is parallel to the optical axis of the optical telescope 1, the vibrating mirror 5 is arranged at the tail of the optical telescope 1 and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis, and the optical axis is changed to be vertical to the direction of the optical axis of the optical antenna through the vibrating mirror 5;
the space debris ranging subsystem comprises a duplex reflector 8, a ranging receiving unit 9, a ranging reflector 10, a ranging spectroscope 11, a ranging transmitting unit 14, a ranging timing reflector 12 and a ranging timing unit 13; the distance measuring and transmitting unit 14 consists of a distance measuring and transmitting lens and a laser and transmits distance measuring pulse laser; the duplex reflector 8 is used for separating distance measurement light emitting light and distance measurement receiving light; the distance measurement emission beam is emitted from the small hole of the duplex reflector 8, the distance measurement echo is reflected to the distance measurement receiving unit 9 through the reflecting surface of the duplex reflector 8, and the loss of the reflected energy received by the distance measurement receiving unit 9 is within 10%; the galvanometer 5 realizes the precise pointing to the distance measurement target; the distance measuring and receiving unit 9 is used for detecting laser echo; the distance measurement timing unit 13 records the distance measurement transmitting time; the ranging receiving unit 9 receives the ranging laser returned by the debris.
In the space debris detection sub-system,
the general investigation unit 3 searches the uncertain region of the space debris, the general investigation unit 3 can find space debris targets in a large range, the space debris subsystem is guided to perform rough tracking on the space debris through the miss distance in the camera of the general investigation unit 3 and is stabilized in the field of view of the general investigation unit 3, the optical telescope 1 performs beam contraction on detection light beams and transmits the detection light beams to the vibrating mirror 5, the vibrating mirror 5 transmits the light beams to the spectrum spectroscope 6, and part of light enters the spectrum detection unit 16 to detect the material shape and the like of the space debris; the residual light is transmitted to the fine tracking spectroscope 7, the fine tracking spectroscope 7 is used for separating the distance measuring light from the detection light, the fine tracking spectroscope 7 reflects the detection light to the fine tracking unit 15, the fine tracking unit 15 feeds back to the galvanometer 5 through the miss distance information of the camera according to the reflected light received in the camera view field of the fine tracking unit 15, the galvanometer 5 compensates the residual error of the tracking turntable subsystem 4, the space debris target is stabilized in the fine tracking unit 15 view field, and the detection of the space debris is completed.
In the space debris ranging subsystem, the distance between the space debris and the space debris is measured,
the distance measuring emission unit 14 emits distance measuring light, the distance measuring light is transmitted to the distance measuring spectroscope 11, a part of the distance measuring light is reflected to the distance measuring timing reflector 12, the distance measuring timing reflector 12 reflects the distance measuring light to the distance measuring timing unit 13, the distance measuring timing unit 13 is 13, and the distance measuring light emission time is recorded. The other part of the distance measuring light is transmitted to a distance measuring reflector 10, the transmitted distance measuring light beam is emitted out through a small hole of a duplex reflector 8, passes through a fine tracking spectroscope 7 and a spectrum spectroscope 6 and is transmitted to a vibrating mirror 5, the vibrating mirror 5 reflects the light beam to an optical telescope 1, and the optical telescope 1 expands the distance measuring light beam and irradiates a space debris target;
the distance measuring light irradiates a space debris target and reflects a light beam to the optical telescope 1, the optical telescope 1 contracts the reflected distance measuring light and transmits the contracted distance measuring light to the vibrating mirror 5, the vibrating mirror 5 reflects the reflected distance measuring light to the spectrum spectroscope 6, the spectrum spectroscope 6 transmits the reflected distance measuring light to the fine tracking spectroscope 7, the fine tracking spectroscope 7 transmits the returned distance measuring light to the duplex reflector 8, the duplex reflector 8 reflects the returned distance measuring light to the distance measuring receiving unit 9, and the distance measuring receiving unit 9 records the return time of the distance measuring light; and the distance of the space debris is measured and calculated through the time difference recorded by the distance measurement timing unit 13 and the distance measurement receiving unit 9, so that the distance measurement of the space debris target is completed.
Because the distance measuring emission unit 14 and the distance measuring receiving unit 9 have the same wavelength, a two-color spectroscope cannot be adopted, and the energy loss of distance measuring emission and distance measuring receiving is greatly increased by using a semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror. Compared with a half-reflecting half-transmitting mirror, the duplex reflector 8 greatly reduces energy loss of transmission and reception.
The optical telescope 1 is a card type telescope unit, the distance measuring and transmitting unit 14 is an HPL-1064-QM of the Changchun new industry, the vibrating mirror is a core tomorrow P35 two-dimensional piezoelectric deflecting mirror, the general survey unit and the fine tracking unit CCD camera are THOLABS 1501C-USB, and the spectrum detection unit 16 is American ocean optics STS-VIS.
The above detailed description of the laser detection and ranging integrated system proposed by the present invention, and the principle and implementation of the present invention are explained, and the above description of the embodiment is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A laser detection and ranging integrated system, the system comprising: the system comprises a tracking rotary table subsystem (4), an optical telescope (1), a space debris detection and ranging rear light path (2) and a galvanometer (5); the space debris detection and ranging rear light path (2) comprises a space debris ranging subsystem and a space debris detection subsystem;
the optical telescope (1), the space debris ranging subsystem and the space debris detection subsystem are fixedly arranged on the tracking turntable subsystem (4); the space debris ranging subsystem and the space debris detection subsystem share an optical telescope (1) to perform beam contraction and beam expansion on a light beam;
the space debris detection subsystem comprises a general investigation unit (3), a spectrum spectroscope (6), a spectrum detection unit (16), a fine tracking spectroscope (7) and a fine tracking unit (15); the general survey unit (3) is parallel to the optical axis of the optical telescope (1), the vibrating mirror (5) is arranged at the tail of the optical telescope (1) and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis, and the optical axis is changed to be vertical to the optical axis direction of the optical antenna through the vibrating mirror (5);
the space debris ranging subsystem comprises a duplex reflector (8), a ranging receiving unit (9), a ranging reflector (10), a ranging spectroscope (11), a ranging transmitting unit (14), a ranging timing reflector (12) and a ranging timing unit (13); the distance measuring and transmitting unit (14) consists of a distance measuring and transmitting lens and a laser and transmits distance measuring pulse laser; the duplex reflector (8) is used for separating distance measurement light emitting light and distance measurement receiving light; the distance measurement emission beam is emitted from a small hole of the duplex reflector (8), and the distance measurement echo is reflected to the distance measurement receiving unit (9) through the reflecting surface of the duplex reflector (8); the galvanometer (5) realizes the precise pointing to the distance measurement target; the ranging receiving unit (9) is used for realizing detection of laser echo; the distance measurement timing unit (13) records the distance measurement transmitting time; the ranging receiving unit (9) receives the ranging laser returned by the fragments.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein: in the space debris detection sub-system,
the general survey unit (3) searches for the uncertain region of the space debris, the general survey unit (3) can find a space debris target in a large range, the space debris is roughly tracked by a space debris subsystem through the miss distance in a camera of the general survey unit (3) and is stabilized in the field of view of the general survey unit (3), the optical telescope (1) narrows down the detection light beam and transmits the detection light beam to the galvanometer (5), the galvanometer (5) transmits the light beam to the spectrum spectroscope (6), and a part of the light enters the spectrum detection unit (16) to detect the material shape and the like of the space debris; the residual light is transmitted to the fine tracking spectroscope (7), the fine tracking spectroscope (7) is used for separating the distance measuring light from the detected light, the fine tracking spectroscope (7) reflects the detected light to the fine tracking unit (15), the fine tracking unit (15) feeds back the miss distance information of the camera to the vibrating mirror (5) according to the reflected light received in the visual field of the camera of the fine tracking unit (15), the vibrating mirror (5) compensates the residual error of the tracking turntable subsystem (4), the space debris target is stabilized in the visual field of the fine tracking unit (15), and the space debris detection is completed.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein: in the space debris ranging subsystem, the distance between the space debris and the space debris is measured,
the distance measurement emission unit (14) emits distance measurement light, the distance measurement light is transmitted to the distance measurement spectroscope (11), a part of the distance measurement light is reflected to the distance measurement timing reflector (12), the distance measurement timing reflector (12) reflects the distance measurement light to the distance measurement timing unit (13), and the distance measurement timing unit (13) records distance measurement light emission time. The other part of the distance measuring light is transmitted to a distance measuring reflector (10), the transmitted distance measuring light beam is emitted through a small hole of a duplex reflector (8) and transmitted to a vibrating mirror (5) after passing through a fine tracking spectroscope (7) and a spectrum spectroscope (6), the vibrating mirror (5) reflects the light beam to an optical telescope (1), and the optical telescope (1) expands the distance measuring light beam to irradiate a space debris target;
the distance measuring light irradiates a space debris target and reflects the light beam to the optical telescope (1), the optical telescope (1) contracts the reflected distance measuring light and transmits the contracted distance measuring light to the vibrating mirror (5), the vibrating mirror (5) reflects the reflected distance measuring light to the spectrum spectroscope (6), the spectrum spectroscope (6) transmits the reflected distance measuring light to the fine tracking spectroscope (7), the fine tracking spectroscope (7) transmits the returned distance measuring light to the duplex reflector (8), the duplex reflector (8) reflects the returned distance measuring light to the distance measuring receiving unit (9), and the distance measuring receiving unit (9) records the return time of the distance measuring light; and the distance of the space debris is measured and calculated through the time difference recorded by the distance measurement timing unit (13) and the distance measurement receiving unit (9), and the distance measurement of the space debris target is completed.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein: because the ranging transmitting unit (14) and the ranging receiving unit (9) have the same wavelength, a duplex mirror (8) is used to reduce the energy loss of transmission and reception.
CN202110560834.8A 2021-05-22 2021-05-22 Laser detection and range finding integrated system Pending CN113419248A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115308759A (en) * 2022-06-29 2022-11-08 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 Satellite-borne active-passive integrated ultra-long-distance single photon space debris ranging and positioning system and method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104570146A (en) * 2014-12-23 2015-04-29 长春理工大学 Space debris detection imaging and communication system
CN111736163A (en) * 2020-07-06 2020-10-02 长春理工大学 Space-based space target laser ranging optical system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104570146A (en) * 2014-12-23 2015-04-29 长春理工大学 Space debris detection imaging and communication system
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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