CN113419143A - Composite insulation state evaluation method based on finite element method and considering sleeve oil paper insulation non-uniform thermal aging effect - Google Patents
Composite insulation state evaluation method based on finite element method and considering sleeve oil paper insulation non-uniform thermal aging effect Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
- G01R27/2688—Measuring quality factor or dielectric loss, e.g. loss angle, or power factor
- G01R27/2694—Measuring dielectric loss, e.g. loss angle, loss factor or power factor
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1281—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of liquids or gases
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electrical equipment fault diagnosis, and particularly discloses a composite insulation state evaluation method considering the nonuniform thermal aging effect of bushing oilpaper insulation based on a finite element method, which comprises the following steps of: constructing an equivalent physical composite model; obtaining FDS data of the insulation paperboard samples in different aging states; building a laboratory composite model, and testing an FDS curve of the model; building a composite insulation simulation model, and meshing a calculation area by adopting polyhedral meshes; determining material parameters of the composite insulation simulation model to obtain a simulation FDS curve of the bushing oilpaper insulation; expanding the composite insulation simulation model to a 3-D simulation model, and carrying out simulation calculation on the 3-D simulation model; and verifying the feasibility of the two simulation models. The invention constructs a simulation model of the casing oil-paper insulation with the nonuniform thermal aging effect by combining the FDS and FEM technologies, solves the problem of large experimental error in the FDS test process, and provides a basis for analyzing the FDS of the casing oil-paper insulation system with the nonuniform thermal aging effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical equipment fault diagnosis, and particularly relates to a composite insulation state evaluation method considering the nonuniform thermal aging effect of bushing oilpaper insulation based on a finite element method.
Background
With the rapid development of the power industry, the requirement of the power system on the insulation level of the electrical equipment operated by the power system is more and more strict, and the stability and the safety of the operation of the power system are directly influenced by the insulation performance. As a key component used in high-voltage electrical equipment, high-voltage bushings have an important problem in the field of high-voltage power in terms of insulating performance. At present, oil-filled condenser bushings are widely used as core components for connecting transformers and external devices. The insulation system of oil-filled capacitive bushings is affected by heat, oxygen, moisture, electric fields, organic acids and other factors during operation. The accidents caused by the oil paper insulation of the sleeve pipe account for about 30 percent of the total number of the faults of the transformer, and the economic loss caused by the oil paper insulation of the sleeve pipe is very large. Therefore, the state evaluation of the oil-paper insulation of the casing has important engineering significance. The frequency domain dielectric spectrum (FDS) test has the advantages of strong anti-interference capability, rich carried insulation information, nondestructive test and the like. Research shows that FDS can reflect aging state, water content and geometric structure change of the oil paper insulation by measuring dielectric loss and complex capacitance of the oil paper insulation in a wider frequency domain range, so that the evaluation of the state of the oil paper insulation of the casing by adopting FDS is widely concerned in recent years.
The traditional X model can be used for evaluating the insulation condition of the power equipment (such as oil-immersed capacitive bushings), however, the traditional X model does not consider the problem of electric field distortion between the insulation layers, and the accuracy of the traditional X model needs to be further improved. As a multi-physical-field simulation technology, a Finite Element Method (FEM) has high precision and wide application field. The FEM technology is used for frequency domain dielectric response research, so that the research period and the experimental cost can be effectively saved, and the influence of experimental errors on the research result is reduced. In addition, the simulation model based on the FEM considers the problem of electric field distortion, and effectively reduces the calculation influence of local electric field change on the frequency domain dielectric spectrum.
In fact, due to joule heating of the metal of the bushing guide rod and joule heating caused by dielectric loss, a bushing oiled paper insulation system generates a temperature gradient in the radial direction, and the temperature affects the aging rate of the insulation paper, so that the insulation paper layer can show different aging degrees in the radial direction. Therefore, in order to consider the influence of the nonuniform thermal aging on the dielectric response characteristic of the bushing oiled paper insulation system, the invention provides a composite insulation state evaluation method considering the nonuniform thermal aging effect of the bushing oiled paper insulation based on an FEM method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite insulation state evaluation method considering the nonuniform thermal aging effect of casing oil paper insulation based on a finite element method, which constructs a composite insulation simulation model and a 3-D simulation model of casing oil paper insulation under the influence of nonuniform thermal aging by improving the limitation of a traditional X model and is applied to the analysis of the actual casing oil paper insulation state considering the nonuniform thermal aging effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a composite insulation state evaluation method considering the nonuniform thermal aging effect of bushing oilpaper insulation based on a finite element method comprises the following steps:
(1) considering the influence of radial nonuniform thermal aging in the sleeve, and constructing an equivalent physical composite model of the oiled paper insulation system on the basis of the traditional X model;
(2) preparing insulating paperboard samples in different aging states, and measuring FDS data of the insulating oil and the insulating paperboard samples in different aging states;
(3) defining an area with small temperature change in the radial direction of the equivalent physical composite model as an isothermal area, dividing the oiled paper insulation system into n isothermal areas according to radial temperature gradient, namely superposing paperboards with different aging degrees to obtain a laboratory composite model, and measuring an FDS curve of the corresponding dielectric loss factor (tan delta) of the laboratory composite model;
(4) according to a laboratory composite model, a composite insulation simulation model considering the uneven thermal aging effect is built, and a polyhedral grid is adopted to carry out grid subdivision on a calculation area;
(5) determining material parameters of the composite insulation simulation model according to FDS data of insulation oil and insulation paperboard samples with different aging degrees measured in a laboratory, and obtaining a simulation FDS curve of the bushing oilpaper insulation through simulation calculation;
(6) in order to enable the simulation model to be closer to the geometric structure of a real casing oil paper insulation system, the composite insulation simulation model is expanded to a 3-D simulation model, and the 3-D simulation model is subjected to simulation calculation to obtain an FDS curve;
(7) and comparing the FDS curves of the two simulation models with the actually measured FDS curve of a laboratory, verifying the feasibility and the accuracy of the simulation models, and analyzing and evaluating the bushing oil-paper composite insulation state by considering the nonuniform thermal aging effect.
Preferably, in the above evaluation method, the equivalent physical composite model is constructed on the basis of a conventional X model. In the long-term operation of the sleeve, the sleeve oil paper insulation system can generate an uneven thermal aging phenomenon in the radial direction due to the influence of the temperature gradient. Considering the influence of uneven thermal aging in a casing oil paper insulation system, an equivalent physical composite model needs to be constructed on the basis of a traditional X model.
Preferably, in the above evaluation method, in the step (2), the specific process for preparing the insulating paperboard samples with different aging states is as follows: carrying out vacuum drying on the insulating paper board and insulating oil, and then carrying out oil immersion treatment to obtain a pretreated insulating paper board; and respectively carrying out accelerated thermal aging experiments on the pretreated insulating paperboard for different days to obtain insulating paperboard samples in different aging states.
Preferably, in the above evaluation method, the vacuum drying process parameters are: the vacuum degree is 45-60 Pa, the drying temperature is 100-110 ℃, and the drying time is 48-60 h.
Preferably, in the evaluation method, the oil immersion treatment is performed for 40-50 hours in an environment with the temperature of 50-60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 40-50 Pa.
Preferably, in the above evaluation method, in the step (3), the X value of the composite insulation simulation model considering the uneven heat aging effect is equal to the X value of the laboratory composite model, and the X value is a ratio of the total thickness of the insulation paperboard and the oil paper insulation.
Preferably, in the above evaluation method, in the step (4), a current field of the COMSOL Multiphysics AC/DC module is selected to solve, an uppermost layer of the simulation model is used as a high voltage pole, and an AC voltage of 200V is added; the lowest layer is used as a grounding electrode, and grounding is added; and after all the domains of the composite insulation simulation model are endowed with corresponding material attributes, carrying out grid analysis by adopting a user-defined grid. Because the composite insulation simulation model is complex, the paperboard oil clearance and the like are dense, the boundary interfaces of different medium materials are more, the comprehensive calculation amount and the accuracy are realized, and the mesh subdivision is carried out on the calculation area by adopting the polyhedral mesh by utilizing the self-adaptability of the polyhedral mesh.
Preferably, in the above evaluation method, in the step (5), the FDS data of the insulation paperboard samples and the insulation oil with different aging degrees measured in the laboratory are input into the material properties of the corresponding part of the simulation model at 2 × 10-4～5×103Carrying out frequency domain research calculation on the simulation model under Hz, and then carrying out global calculation to obtain the output admittance Y of the composite insulation simulation model; the equivalent complex impedance Z of the corresponding frequency point can be obtained according to the following equations (1), (2) and (3):
Z＝Y-1 (1)
R＝Re(Z) (2)
X＝Im(Z) (3)
wherein R is the real part of the equivalent complex impedance and X is the imaginary part of the equivalent complex impedance;
the capacitance C and the dielectric loss factor tan δ can be expressed as:
wherein f is frequency; and (5) solving the dielectric loss factor through formulas (4) and (5), and finally obtaining the simulation FDS curve of the bushing oil paper insulation.
Preferably, in the above evaluation method, in the step (6), the laboratory measured FDS data of the insulating paperboard samples and the insulating oil with different degrees of aging are inputted into the material properties of the corresponding parts of the 3-D simulation model, and then (2 × 10) is obtained through global calculation-4～5×103Hz) output admittance Y of the 3-D simulation model; and obtaining the equivalent complex impedance Z and the dielectric loss factor tan delta of the corresponding frequency points according to the formulas (1) to (5), and finally obtaining the simulation FDS curve of the oil-paper insulation of the 3-D casing.
The FDS curve measured in a laboratory is compared with the FDS curves of the two simulation models, and finally the FDS curve measured in the laboratory is consistent with the FDS curves of the two simulation models in trend, so that the results prove that the composite insulation simulation model taking the uneven thermal aging effect into consideration and the 3-D casing oiled paper insulation simulation model which are constructed based on the FEM method have feasibility and accuracy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, an FDS technology and an FEM technology are combined to construct a composite insulation simulation model of bushing oilpaper insulation under the influence of uneven thermal aging on the basis of a traditional X model, and the accuracy and feasibility of the simulation model are proved by comparing a simulation result with a laboratory actual measurement FDS curve, so that the problem of large experimental error in the preparation and FDS test processes of a laboratory insulation paperboard sample is solved. The invention further expands the composite insulation simulation model to a 3-D simulation model, comprehensively considers the nonuniform aging phenomenon and the three-dimensional geometric structure of the bushing oilpaper insulation, improves the accuracy of predicting the FDS of the bushing oilpaper insulation based on the FEM, and provides a model basis for analyzing the influence of the nonuniform thermal aging effect on the FDS of the bushing oilpaper insulation system based on the FEM technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an equivalent physical composite model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the preparation and FDS data testing of insulation board samples of different aging states according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a composite laboratory model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric response testing apparatus for a composite model in a laboratory according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a composite insulation simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a 3-D simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a mesh profile of a calculation region using polyhedral meshes in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a comparison of measured FDS curves and FDS curves of two simulation models according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Examples
A composite insulation state evaluation method considering the nonuniform thermal aging effect of bushing oilpaper insulation based on a finite element method comprises the following steps:
(1) considering the influence of radial nonuniform thermal aging in the casing, constructing an equivalent physical composite model on the basis of a traditional X model, as shown in FIG. 1; the X value is the ratio of the total thickness of the insulating paper board and the oil paper, the 1-X value is the ratio of the total thickness of the insulating oil and the oil paper, and because the oil content in the bushing oil paper insulating system is very low, the X and the 1-X values are respectively 95% and 5%;
(2) drying the insulating paper board and the insulating oil in a vacuum drying oven with the temperature of 105 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 50Pa for 48h, and then soaking the insulating paper board and the insulating oil in an environment with the temperature of 60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 50Pa for 48h to obtain a pretreated insulating paper board; respectively carrying out accelerated thermal aging experiments on the pretreated insulating paperboard at 150 ℃ for different days to obtain paperboard samples of different aging states and different insulation states, and respectively carrying out FDS (fully drawn SoftS) tests on the insulating paperboard samples and the insulating oil by using a DIRANA (direct current analysis) and a three-electrode testing device; subsequently, in order to ensure that the moisture content of the cardboard sample is consistent, the moisture content (mc%) of the cardboard sample was tested using a carfilum titrator; finally, the Degree of Polymerization (DP) of the cardboard sample was tested using an automatic viscometer, the experimental flow is shown in fig. 2;
(3) according to the equivalent physical composite model, defining an area with small temperature change in the radial direction of the oiled paper insulation system as an isothermal area, dividing the oiled paper insulation system into n isothermal areas according to a radial temperature gradient, namely superposing paperboards with different aging degrees to obtain a laboratory composite model, wherein the isothermal areas are shown in figure 3; then obtaining an FDS curve of the dielectric loss factor (tan delta) corresponding to the laboratory composite model through DIRANA and a three-electrode measuring device, wherein the laboratory composite model dielectric response testing device is shown in figure 4;
(4) according to a laboratory composite model, a composite insulation simulation model considering the uneven thermal aging effect is built, as shown in fig. 5, the X value of the composite insulation simulation model is equal to that of the laboratory composite model, a current field of a COMSOL Multiphysics AC/DC module is selected for solving, the uppermost layer of the simulation model serves as a high-voltage pole, and 200V alternating-current voltage is added; the lowest layer is used as a grounding electrode, and grounding is added; the composite insulation simulation model is complex, the paperboard oil clearance is dense, the boundary interfaces of different medium materials are many, and under the comprehensive consideration of the calculated amount and the accuracy, the self-adaptability of the polyhedral grid is considered, and the polyhedral grid is adopted to carry out grid subdivision on a calculated area;
(5) FDS data of the insulation paper boards and the insulation oil with different aging degrees measured in a laboratory are input into the material properties of the corresponding parts of the simulation model and are 2 multiplied by 10-4～5×103Carrying out frequency domain research calculation on the simulation model under Hz, and then carrying out global calculation to obtain the output admittance Y of the composite insulation simulation model; the equivalent complex impedance Z of the corresponding frequency point can be obtained according to the following equations (1), (2) and (3):
Z＝Y-1 (1)
R＝Re(Z) (2)
X＝Im(Z) (3)
wherein R is the real part of the equivalent complex impedance and X is the imaginary part of the equivalent complex impedance;
the capacitance C and the dielectric loss factor tan δ can be expressed as:
wherein f is frequency; calculating dielectric loss factors through the formulas (4) and (5), and finally obtaining a simulation FDS curve of the bushing oil paper insulation;
(6) in order to make the simulation model closer to the geometric structure of the real casing oiled paper insulation system, the composite insulation simulation model is extended to a 3-D simulation model, as shown in FIG. 6; mesh subdivision is performed on the calculation area by adopting polyhedral mesh, as shown in fig. 7; FDS data of the insulating paper boards and the insulating oil with different aging degrees measured by a laboratory are input into the material properties of corresponding parts of the 3-D simulation model, and then 2 multiplied by 10 is obtained through global calculation-4～5×103The output admittance Y of the Hz composite insulation simulation model; the equivalent complex impedance Z and the dielectric loss factor tan delta at the corresponding frequency points can be obtained according to the formulas (1) to (5),finally obtaining a simulation FDS curve of the 3-D casing oil paper insulation;
(7) the FDS curve measured in the laboratory is compared with the FDS curves of the two simulation models, as shown in the figure (8), the FDS curve measured in the laboratory is consistent with the FDS curves of the two simulation models in trend, and the result proves that the composite insulation simulation model which is constructed based on the FEM technology and considers the nonuniform thermal aging effect and the 3-D simulation model have feasibility and accuracy.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A composite insulation state evaluation method based on a finite element method and considering the nonuniform thermal aging effect of oil paper insulation of a sleeve is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) considering the influence of radial nonuniform thermal aging in the sleeve, and constructing an equivalent physical composite model of the oiled paper insulation system on the basis of the traditional X model;
(2) preparing insulating paperboard samples in different aging states, and measuring FDS data of the insulating oil and the insulating paperboard samples in different aging states;
(3) defining the region with small temperature change in the radial direction of the equivalent physical composite model as an isothermal region, and dividing the oil paper insulation system into oil paper insulation systems according to the radial temperature gradientnSuperposing the paperboards with different aging degrees to obtain a laboratory composite model, and measuring an FDS curve of the laboratory composite model corresponding to the dielectric loss factor;
(4) according to a laboratory composite model, a composite insulation simulation model considering the uneven thermal aging effect is built, and a polyhedral grid is adopted to carry out grid subdivision on a calculation area;
(5) determining material parameters of the composite insulation simulation model according to FDS data of insulation oil and insulation paperboard samples with different aging degrees measured in a laboratory, and obtaining a simulation FDS curve of the bushing oilpaper insulation through simulation calculation;
(6) expanding the composite insulation simulation model to a 3-D simulation model, and carrying out simulation calculation on the 3-D simulation model;
(7) and comparing the FDS curves of the composite insulation simulation model and the 3-D simulation model with the actual measurement FDS curve of a laboratory, verifying the feasibility of the simulation model, and analyzing and evaluating the composite insulation state of the casing oil paper by considering the uneven thermal aging effect of the verified simulation model.
2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the specific process of preparing the insulating paperboard samples with different aging states is as follows: carrying out vacuum drying on the insulating paper board and insulating oil, and then carrying out oil immersion treatment to obtain a pretreated insulating paper board; and respectively carrying out accelerated thermal aging experiments on the pretreated insulating paperboard for different days to obtain insulating paperboard samples in different aging states.
3. The evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the vacuum drying process parameters are: the vacuum degree is 45-60 Pa, the drying temperature is 100-110 ℃, and the drying time is 48-60 h.
4. The evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the oil immersion treatment is performed for 40 to 50 hours in an environment with a temperature of 50 to 60 ℃ and a vacuum degree of 40 to 50 Pa.
5. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the composite insulation simulation model taking into account the effect of uneven thermal agingXOf values with the laboratory composite modelXAre equal in value, saidXHas a value of absoluteThe ratio of the total thickness of the insulating layer of the edge paper board and the oil paper.
6. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), a current field of a COMSOL Multiphysics AC/DC module is selected for solving, the uppermost layer of the simulation model is used as a high voltage pole, and 200V alternating voltage is added; the lowest layer is used as a grounding electrode, and grounding is added; and after all the domains of the simulation model are endowed with corresponding material attributes, carrying out grid analysis by adopting a user-defined grid.
7. The evaluation method as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), FDS data of the insulating paperboard samples and the insulating oil of different degrees of aging measured in the laboratory are inputted into the material properties of the corresponding portions of the simulation model at 2 x 10-4~5×103Carrying out frequency domain research calculation on the simulation model under Hz, and then carrying out global calculation to obtain the output admittance of the composite insulation simulation modelY(ii) a The equivalent complex impedance of the corresponding frequency point can be obtained according to the following formulas (1), (2) and (3)Z：
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Ris the real part of the equivalent complex impedance,Xis the imaginary part of the equivalent complex impedance;
capacitor with a capacitor elementCAnd dielectric loss factor tanδCan be expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,fis the frequency; and (5) solving the dielectric loss factor through formulas (4) and (5), and finally obtaining the simulation FDS curve of the bushing oil paper insulation.
8. The evaluation method as set forth in claim 7, wherein in the step (6), FDS data of the insulating paperboard samples and the insulating oil of different degrees of aging measured in the laboratory are inputted into the material properties of the corresponding parts of the 3-D simulation model, and then 2 x 10 is obtained through the global calculation-4~5×103Output admittance of Hz 3-D simulation modelY(ii) a Obtaining the equivalent complex impedance of the corresponding frequency point according to the formulas (1) to (5)ZAnd dielectric loss factor tanδAnd finally obtaining a simulation FDS curve of the 3-D casing oil paper insulation.
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