CN113418686A - Method for measuring sound insulation quantity of in-ear type hearing protector - Google Patents
Method for measuring sound insulation quantity of in-ear type hearing protector Download PDFInfo
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- CN113418686A CN113418686A CN202110622965.4A CN202110622965A CN113418686A CN 113418686 A CN113418686 A CN 113418686A CN 202110622965 A CN202110622965 A CN 202110622965A CN 113418686 A CN113418686 A CN 113418686A
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- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sound insulation measurement, in particular to a sound insulation measurement method of an in-ear type hearing protector, which is realized by the following steps: a. the method comprises the following steps that an in-ear type sound protector to be tested is installed on a sound insulation quantity measuring system, the sound insulation quantity measuring system is worn on an ear, and the in-ear type sound protector is controlled to be inserted into an ear canal of a tester through the sound insulation quantity measuring system; b. in the test space, the sound source is used for emitting noise, and the sound pressure level SPL in the auditory canal is measured by the sound insulation quantity measuring systemIMeasuring the sound pressure level SPL outside the ear canal by means of an external microphone located outside the earII(ii) a c. Sound pressure level SPL in auditory canal is measured to sound insulation measurement system through spectrum analyzerIAnd an external microphone for measuring the sound pressure level SPL outside the ear canalIIPerforming spectral analysis, sound pressure level SPLIISound pressure level SPLIThe sound insulation amount. The measuring method of the invention is more convenient for accurately measuring the sound insulation quantity of different in-ear type hearing protectors, and is convenient for users to better select the in-ear type hearing protectors to be used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sound insulation measurement, in particular to a sound insulation measurement method of an in-ear type sound protector.
Background
Under the condition of high noise for a long time, if effective protective measures are not taken, permanent hearing loss and even professional noise deafness can be caused. To reduce the incidence of hearing impairment events, hearing protectors are required in high noise settings. In-ear hearing protectors are hearing protectors that are inserted into, or placed at the mouth of, the external auditory canal to block sound from entering the inner ear through the external auditory canal. Typically made of soft rubber or soft plastic. Slow-rebound, pine, mushroom and silicone rubber in-ear hearing protectors are common.
The standard is that a hearing protector is worn on a subject who participates in the test, noise feelings of the subject before and after wearing the hearing protector are measured, different individuals (people) participate in the test to acquire data, the obtained sound insulation feelings are different due to individual differences among different subjects, the sound insulation effect of the noise-proof hearing protector can only be approximately evaluated, and the sound insulation quantity or the sound insulation effect of different hearing protectors cannot be accurately obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the sound insulation quantity of an in-ear type sound protector, which can effectively solve the problems in the prior art; the measuring method of the invention is more convenient for accurately measuring the sound insulation quantity of different in-ear type hearing protectors, and is convenient for users to better select the in-ear type hearing protectors to be used.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a sound insulation measurement method of an in-ear type hearing protector is realized by the following steps:
a. the method comprises the steps that an in-ear type sound protector to be tested is installed on a sound insulation quantity measuring system, the sound insulation quantity measuring system is worn on ears of a tester, and the in-ear type sound protector is controlled to be inserted into an ear canal of the tester through the sound insulation quantity measuring system;
b. in the test space, the sound source is used for emitting noise, and the sound pressure level SPL in the auditory canal is measured by the sound insulation quantity measuring systemIMeasuring the sound pressure level SPL outside the ear canal by means of an external microphone located outside the earII；
c. Sound pressure level SPL in auditory canal is measured to sound insulation measurement system through CPB spectrum analyzerIAnd an external microphone for measuring the sound pressure level SPL outside the ear canalIIWhen 1/3OCT or 1/1OCT spectrum analysis is performed, the sound insulation quantity is defined as SPLII-SPLI。
Preferably, in step b, the sound source includes an AHAI2034 sound source, an AHAI2043 power amplifier and a signal generator, and the signal generator controls the AHAI2043 power amplifier and the AHAI2034 sound source to generate various types of noise to provide a sound field.
Preferably, in step b, the external microphone is an AHAI14615E microphone.
Preferably, in step c, the spectrum analyzer is an AHAI2001-1 multichannel analyzer, and the AHAI2001-1 multichannel analyzer is connected with the AHAI14615E microphone and the sound insulation amount measurement system through a BNC-SMB extension line.
Preferably, in step b, the sound source is respectively placed in six directions of the tester up and down, left and right, and front and back, and six measurements are respectively performed through the sound insulation quantity measuring system and the external microphone, so as to obtain the average sound pressure level SPL of the sound insulation quantity measuring system for six measurementsIAverage sound pressure level SPL of six measurements with an external microphoneII。
Preferably, in step b, the sound source is controlled to emit pink noise.
Preferably, in step b, the noise frequency of pink noise emitted by the sound source is between 100 and 10000 Hz.
Preferably, in step b, the distance between the sound source and the sound insulation measuring system and the external microphone is 1 m, and the sound insulation measuring system and the external microphone are placed side by side.
Preferably, in step b, the reverberation time in the test space does not exceed 1.6 seconds for the reverberation time of each test signal.
Preferably, in step b, the sound pressure level SPL in the ear canal is measured by a sound insulation measurement systemIAnd meanwhile, controlling the tester to test for multiple times at different positions in the test space.
Preferably, in step b, the test space is an anechoic chamber or a semi-anechoic chamber.
Preferably, in step b, the air pressure in the test space is 65kPa to 108kPa, the air temperature in the test space is-10 ℃ to 50 ℃, and the relative humidity in the test space is: 25 to 90 percent.
Preferably, the in-ear hearing protectors to be tested are earplugs made of soft rubber or soft plastic.
Preferably, before the in-ear type sound protector is controlled to be inserted into the ear canal of a tester through the sound insulation measurement system, the sound insulation measurement system and the external microphone are placed side by side, the same distance between the sound insulation measurement system and the sound source and the external microphone are controlled, the sound insulation measurement system is placed on the simulated ear device, and the test microphone is arranged in the simulated ear to measure the sound pressure level received in the ear; and (3) comparing 1/3OCT frequency spectrums of the three microphones (the sound insulation quantity measuring system, the measuring microphone in the simulated ear and the external microphone) in the range of 100-10000 kHz, and obtaining a corrected value. The sound pressure level tested by the sound insulation quantity measuring system is SPL1, the sound pressure level tested by the measuring microphone in the simulated ear is SPL2, the sound pressure level tested by the external microphone is SPL0, and the formula calculation formula of the correction value is as follows:
Correction＝(SPL2-SPL0)-(SPL1-SPL0)；
the corrected value can be directly superposed on the sound insulation quantity tested by the sound insulation measuring system worn by a real person.
Superposition of sound pressure:
the superposition of sound pressure is essentially superposition of sound intensity, and the sound intensity is proportional to the square of the sound pressure.
Preferably, in step c, the spectrum analyzer is electrically connected with an AWA8522 type 5V external power supply and is connected with a computer through a bidirectional USB cable.
Preferably, in the step a, the sound insulation amount measuring system includes: the device comprises a sound guide pipe, a sound insulation sleeve, a test microphone and a suspension loop bracket; the test microphone and the external microphone are the same microphone, preferably an 1/4 "test microphone;
the sound conduit is used for installing an in-ear type hearing protector to be tested;
the sound guide pipe is connected with the open end of the sound insulation sleeve in a sealing fit mode so as to enable the sound pressure level SPL in the auditory canal to be in sealing fit with the open end of the sound insulation sleeveIGuiding and conveying the sound-proof sleeve into the sound-proof sleeve, and measuring the sound-proof sleeve by a test microphone arranged in the sound-proof sleeve;
the sound insulation sleeve is arranged on the suspension loop bracket and is worn on the ears of the testing personnel through the suspension loop bracket.
Preferably, an external thread structure is arranged on the pipe body at one end, close to the sound insulation sleeve, of the sound guide pipe, a limiting ring is connected to the external thread structure in a threaded fit mode, and the limiting ring is blocked on the outer side of the in-ear type sound protector; the inner side of the limiting ring is provided with a sealing ring attached to the in-ear hearing protector, and the inner diameter of the sealing ring is larger than the diameter of a central through hole of the in-ear hearing protector; the sound conduit is glued with a rubber sealing sleeve to seal the center through hole of the sound conduit and the in-ear type hearing protector relatively.
Preferably, the sound insulation amount measuring system further includes an in-ear microphone; the in-ear microphone comprises a microphone body, a spherical connecting box and a first screw rod; one end of the spherical joint box is provided with an installation groove, and a microphone body is fixed in the installation groove; the other end of the spherical joint box is fixedly connected with one end of a first screw rod, and the other end of the first screw rod is in threaded fit with the pipe body at one end, far away from the sound insulation sleeve, of the sound guide pipe.
Preferably, the microphone body is a MEMS type microphone.
Preferably, the sound insulation sleeve comprises a sleeve body, a sleeve cover and a short pipe; one end of the sleeve body is open, and the other end of the sleeve body is closed; one end of the cylinder cover is sleeved at the open end of the sleeve body in a sealing manner, and the other end of the cylinder cover is fixedly connected and communicated with one end of the short pipe; the other end of the short pipe is hermetically connected and communicated with the sound guide pipe; the sleeve body and the sleeve cover are fixedly connected with the hanger bracket.
Preferably, the hanger bracket comprises an ear hanger, a cross rod assembly and a hanging assembly; one end of the ear hook is connected to one end of the cross rod assembly in a matching mode, and the other end of the cross rod assembly is connected to the hanging assembly in a matching mode; the suspension assembly is connected with the sleeve body and the sleeve cover in a matching mode.
Preferably, the cross bar assembly comprises a fixed cross bar, a sliding cross bar, a second screw and a horizontal sliding block; one end of the sliding cross rod is connected with the ear hook in a matching way, and the other end of the sliding cross rod is matched in the horizontal slideway of the fixed cross rod in a sliding way; the horizontal sliding block is in sliding fit in the limiting slide way of the fixed cross rod and is fixedly connected with the sliding cross rod; the middle part of the second screw rod is in threaded transmission connection with the horizontal sliding block, and one end of the second screw rod is in running fit with the fixed cross rod.
Preferably, the hoisting assembly comprises a sliding sleeve, a vertical shaft, a third screw, a lantern ring, a positioning bolt, an outer frame body, an inner frame body and a fourth screw; the sliding sleeve is fixed at one end of the fixed cross rod; the sliding sleeve is in sliding fit with the vertical shaft, a groove is formed in the vertical shaft, and the groove is in sliding fit with the guide convex edge in the sliding sleeve; the upper end of the third screw rod is rotatably connected to the top surface of the sliding sleeve, and the lower end of the third screw rod is in threaded fit with the inner threaded hole of the vertical shaft; the bottom end of the vertical shaft is rotatably matched on the outer frame body, the lantern ring is fixed on the outer frame body and sleeved on the outer side of the vertical shaft, the lantern ring is in threaded fit with the positioning bolt, and the positioning bolt is pressed on the vertical shaft; the sleeve body is fixed on the outer frame body, and the sleeve cover is fixed on the inner frame body; one end of the fourth screw rod is rotatably connected to the inner frame body, and the other end of the fourth screw rod is in threaded fit with the inner threaded hole of the outer frame body.
Preferably, the sound insulation measuring system further comprises an inserted bar assembly; one end of the ear hook is rotatably matched with one end of the cross rod component through a short shaft; the inserted bar component comprises a sliding inserted bar, a support, an unlocking tension spring and a pulling block; the middle part of the sliding inserted rod is in sliding fit with the support, and the support is fixed on the cross rod assembly; one end of the sliding insertion rod is inserted into a transverse insertion hole penetrating through the ear hook, and the other end of the sliding insertion rod is fixedly connected with the pull block; the pull block and the support are fixedly connected through an unlocking tension spring.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the measuring method of the invention is more convenient for accurately measuring the sound insulation quantity of different in-ear type hearing protectors, and is convenient for users to better select the in-ear type hearing protectors to be used; the measuring method of the invention is convenient for obtaining the sound insulation quantity or insertion loss value of different in-ear type hearing protectors in different frequency sections; the measuring method provided by the invention is matched with a corresponding sound insulation measuring system, so that the accuracy of the test can be improved.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring sound insulation of an in-ear type hearing protector according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a first schematic diagram of an internal sound insulation measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic view of the internal sound insulation measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an internal sound insulation measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal acoustic conduit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the inner acoustic sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an internal hanger bracket according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an internal ear hook according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the internal cross bar assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the internal suspension assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an internal plunger assembly of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-ear microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: an acoustic duct 1; a stop collar 101; a seal ring 102; a rubber sealing boot 103; a sound-insulating sleeve 2; a sleeve body 201; a cartridge cover 202; a short tube 203; testing the microphone 3; a suspension loop bracket 4; an ear hook 401; a cross bar assembly 402; a fixed crossbar 402 a; a sliding crossbar 402 b; a second screw 402 c; a horizontal slider 402 d; a hitch assembly 403; a sliding sleeve 403 a; the vertical axis 403 b; a third screw 403 c; a collar 403 d; a positioning bolt 403 e; an outer frame body 403 f; an inner frame body 403 g; a fourth screw 403 h; a plunger assembly 404; a sliding plunger 404 a; a support 404 b; the tension spring 404c is unlocked; a pull block 404 d; an in-ear microphone 5; a microphone body 501; a spherical joint box 502; a first screw 503.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly disposed on the other element; when an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, refer to an orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of a plurality of or a plurality of is two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for understanding and reading the contents disclosed in the specification, and are not used for limiting the conditions that the present application can implement, so the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present application without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present application. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and changes or modifications in the relative relationship may be made without substantial technical changes.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-12.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a method for measuring the sound insulation of an in-ear type hearing protector is implemented by the following steps:
a. the method comprises the following steps that an in-ear type sound protector to be tested is installed on a sound insulation quantity measuring system, the sound insulation quantity measuring system is worn on an ear, and the in-ear type sound protector is controlled to be inserted into an ear canal of a tester through the sound insulation quantity measuring system;
b. the sound pressure level SPL in the auditory canal is measured by a sound insulation quantity measuring system by utilizing the noise emitted by a sound sourceIMeasuring the sound pressure level SPL outside the ear canal by means of an external microphone located outside the earII；
c. Sound pressure level SPL in auditory canal is measured to sound insulation measurement system through spectrum analyzerIAnd an external microphone for measuring the sound pressure level SPL outside the ear canalIIPerforming spectral analysis, sound pressure levelSPLIISound pressure level SPLIThe sound insulation amount.
The scheme adopts a real-ear built-in microphone method to measure the actual protection value and the personal sound attenuation value of the in-ear type sound protector, so that the sound insulation quantity of different in-ear type sound protectors can be more conveniently and accurately measured, a user can conveniently and better select the in-ear type sound protector to be used, and the sound insulation quantity of different in-ear type sound protectors can be conveniently obtained in different frequency sections;
in the step b, the sound source comprises an AHAI2034 sound source, an AHAI2043 power amplifier and a signal generator, and the signal generator controls the AHAI2043 power amplifier and the AHAI2034 sound source to generate various noises to provide a sound field; the sound source can also adopt a sound box with a power amplifier.
In step b, the external microphone is an AHAI14615E microphone.
In the step c, the spectrum analyzer is an AHAI2001-1 multichannel analyzer, and the AHAI2001-1 multichannel analyzer is connected with the AHAI14615E microphone and the sound insulation quantity measuring system through a BNC-SMB extension line.
In the step b, the sound source is respectively placed in six directions of the upper direction, the lower direction, the left direction, the right direction and the front direction and the rear direction of a tester, and six times of measurement is respectively carried out through the sound insulation quantity measuring system and the external microphone to obtain the average sound pressure level SPL of the sound insulation quantity measuring system for six times of measurementIAverage sound pressure level SPL of six measurements with an external microphoneII。
In step b, the sound source is controlled to emit pink noise.
In the step b, the noise frequency of pink noise emitted by the sound source is between 100 and 10000 Hz.
In step b, the distance between the sound source and the sound insulation amount measuring system and the external microphone is 1 meter, and the sound insulation amount measuring system and the external microphone are placed side by side.
In step b, the reverberation time within the test space does not exceed 1.6 seconds for the reverberation time of each test signal.
In step b, the sound pressure level SPL in the ear canal is measured by the sound insulation amount measuring systemITime, controlThe tester performs multiple tests at different locations within the test space.
In step b, the test space is an anechoic chamber or a semi-anechoic chamber.
In the step b, the air pressure of the test space is 65 kPa-108 kPa, the air temperature of the test space is-10 ℃ to 50 ℃, and the relative humidity of the test space is as follows: 25 to 90 percent.
The in-ear hearing protectors to be tested are earplugs made of soft rubber or soft plastic.
Before the in-ear type hearing protector is controlled to be inserted into an ear canal of a tester through the sound insulation quantity measuring system, the sound insulation quantity measuring system and an external microphone are placed side by side, the same distance between the sound insulation quantity measuring system and the external microphone and a sound source is controlled, 1/3OCT frequency spectrums of the two microphones in the range of 100-10000 kHz are compared, and a difference value is taken as a correction value.
In step c, the spectrum analyzer is electrically connected with an AWA8522 type 5V external power supply and is connected with a computer through a bidirectional USB cable.
The invention relates to a method for measuring sound insulation quantity of an in-ear type sound protector, which comprises the following steps:
1. the experimental site conditions are as follows:
(1) the sound field emitted by the sound source in the test site should have sound incidence from multiple directions.
(2) Sound pressure level and sound pressure level variation: the sound pressure levels of all test frequencies measured by the omnidirectional microphone are measured at positions 15 cm away from a reference point of the front back, the right left and the upper and lower axes, and the deviation of the sound pressure level of each test frequency from the reference point is not more than +/-2.5 dB. Furthermore, the difference between the right and left positions must not exceed 3 dB. The orientation of the microphone should remain the same at each location.
For test signals having a center frequency greater than or equal to 500Hz, the directivity of the sound field should be evaluated at a reference point. The measurement should be made using a directional microphone with a typical free-field polar response, the measurement signal being an 1/3 octave test signal with at least 10dB of forward and reverse rejection for a cosine microphone and at least 10dB of forward and reverse rejection for a cardioid microphone. The observed variation in sound pressure level in each test signal should remain within the allowable variation range of table 1. The sound pressure level may also be obtained by a fixed 15 degree incremental measurement as the microphone is rotated.
Note: when the microphone rotates in a random incident field, the variation of the microphone response is related to the directional characteristic of the microphone and the degree of randomness of the measured field. Thus, the variation in sound field response is allowed to be related to the free field directional response characteristics of the microphone. The microphone characteristics can be obtained from the microphone manufacturer or by measurement in the free field.
(3) Reverberation time: the reverberation time within the test space (without subject and subject chair) must not exceed 1.6 seconds for each test signal.
(4) Ambient noise level: the ambient noise level at the laboratory test site must not exceed the values given in table 4-2. The ambient noise level should be determined by measuring the sound pressure level without the test object.
When the lowest test signal center frequency is 125Hz, the environmental noise requirement is reduced to 63Hz and below; when the lowest frequency of the center of the test signal is 63Hz, the ambient noise requirement should be reduced below 31.5 Hz.
Note: the ambient noise level includes the noise present in the room and that which may be generated by the test equipment when it is on and running in the absence of the test signal.
2. Test cases:
(1) test objects:
3M 1110 bullet in-ear hearing protectors;
moldex 6875A green acoustic isolation in-ear hearing protector;
a 3M 1270 in-ear hearing protector;
(2) test data:
test result of sound insulation quantity of 3M 1110 bullet type in-ear hearing protector
Moldex 6875 green sound insulation in-ear type sound protector sound insulation test result
Test result of sound insulation quantity of 3M 1270 in-ear type hearing protector
After analyzing the test data for the 3M 1110 bullet, Moldex 6875 green acoustic isolation in-ear, and 3M 1270 in-ear hearing protectors, the following conclusions were made:
(1) when the same person wears different in-ear hearing protectors, the protection effect is different;
(2) the sound insulation quantity of different in-ear type sound protectors is in a broken line rising trend within 100-10000 Hz;
(3) under 500Hz, the sound insulation of the in-ear type hearing protector tested in the human ear varies too much, because the human is mobile and can not be absolutely static, the micro-jitter has great influence on the sound insulation variation of the low frequency band.
The sound insulation quantity measuring method of the in-ear type sound protector can accurately obtain the sound insulation quantity of different in-ear type sound protectors under different noise frequencies, and the measuring accuracy is high.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2 to 12, in the above-described measurement method, the sound-insulation-amount measurement system includes: the device comprises a sound guide pipe 1, a sound insulation sleeve 2, a test microphone 3 and a suspension loop bracket 4;
the sound conduit 1 is used for installing an in-ear type hearing protector to be tested;
the sound guide tube 1 is connected with the open end of the sound insulation sleeve 2 in a sealing fit mode so as to enable the sound pressure level SPL in the auditory canal to be achievedIGuiding the sound insulation sleeve 2, and measuring by a test microphone 3 arranged in the sound insulation sleeve 2;
the sound insulation sleeve 2 is arranged on the suspension loop bracket 4 so as to be worn on the ears of the test personnel through the suspension loop bracket 4. When the sound insulation quantity measuring system is used for measuring, an in-ear type sound protector is installed on a sound guide pipe 1, the in-ear type sound protector is mainly an earplug, a central through hole of the in-ear type sound protector is controlled to be sealed with the sound guide pipe 1 to a certain degree, then an ear hanging support 4 is worn on the ear of a tester, the in-ear type sound protector on the sound guide pipe 1 is controlled to be inserted into the ear canal, after the in-ear type sound protector is blocked in the ear canal, a sound pressure level transmitted from the sound guide pipe 1 is measured through a testing microphone 3 in a sound insulation sleeve 2, and a sound pressure level SPL is obtainedIThe sound pressure level SPLIMeasuring the sound pressure level SPL outside the ear canal with an external microphoneIIPerforming spectrum analysis through a dual-channel handheld spectrum analyzer, calculating an actual protection value and a personal sound attenuation value of the in-ear type sound protector, and completing the test work of the in-ear type sound protector; the test microphone 3 is preferably an 1/4 "test microphone, a mini microphone.
The sound guide pipe 1 is in threaded fit connection with the sound insulation sleeve 2, and a sealing gasket is arranged at the joint of the sound guide pipe 1 and the sound insulation sleeve 2. The sound guide pipe 1 with sound insulation sleeve 2 all adopts the better material of sound insulation effect to make, just the sound guide pipe 1 with sound insulation sleeve 2's junction is equipped with seal ring, is favorable to improving sound insulation and hinders sound effect, guarantees the accuracy of sound insulation sleeve 2 internal test microphone 3 tests.
As shown in fig. 5, an external thread structure is arranged on a pipe body at one end of the sound conduit 1 close to the sound insulation sleeve 2, a limit ring 101 is connected to the external thread structure in a thread fit manner, and the limit ring 101 is blocked at the outer side of the in-ear type hearing protector; the inner side of the limiting ring 101 is provided with a sealing ring 102 attached to the in-ear hearing protector, and the inner diameter of the sealing ring 102 is larger than the diameter of a central through hole of the in-ear hearing protector; the sound conduit 1 is glued with a rubber sealing sleeve 103 to seal the center through hole of the sound conduit 1 and the in-ear hearing protector relatively. The limiting ring 101 is arranged to conveniently block and limit the outer side of the in-ear type hearing protector and prevent the in-ear type hearing protector from being separated from the sound guide tube 1 when the in-ear type hearing protector is controlled to be inserted into an ear canal, and the in-ear type hearing protector is mainly an earplug and is usually made of soft rubber or soft plastic; besides the blocking function, the contact position of the limiting ring 101 and the external thread structure of the sound guide pipe 1 is changed by rotating the limiting ring, so that earplugs with different lengths can be conveniently and fixedly connected with the sound guide pipe 1; sealing ring 102 closely laminates with the in-ear formula sound protector, plays certain sealed effect, and the setting of rubber seal cover 103 improves in-ear formula sound protector central through-hole with the leakproofness of sound pipe 1 improves the effect that gives sound insulation, reduces to set up the influence of central through-hole to the effect that gives sound insulation of in-ear formula sound protector on the measured in-ear formula sound protector.
As shown in fig. 12, the sound insulation amount measurement system further includes an in-ear microphone 5; the in-ear microphone 5 comprises a microphone body 501, a spherical joint box 502 and a first screw 503; one end of the spherical joint box 502 is provided with a mounting groove, and a microphone body 501 is fixed in the mounting groove; the other end of the spherical joint box 502 is fixedly connected with one end of a first screw 503, and the other end of the first screw 503 is in threaded fit in a pipe body at one end of the sound guide pipe 1 far away from the sound insulation sleeve 2.
The microphone body 501 is an MEMS type microphone.
The in-ear microphone 5 is a detachable structure, and is mainly used for measuring insertion loss, namely, before and after processing noise, on a certain reference point, the difference between the measured sound pressure level or other sound quantities is measured, namely, a reference point a is taken in the ear canal, the sound pressure level a before the in-ear hearing protector is worn at the point and the sound pressure level a 'after the in-ear hearing protector is worn at the point are measured, and then IL is equal to a-a', and the insertion loss is obtained; when the insertion loss is measured, firstly, an in-ear type hearing protector (earplug) on a sound guide pipe 1 is taken down, then an in-ear type microphone 5 is installed on the sound guide pipe 1 through a first screw 503, then the device is worn on the ear of a tester, and a microphone body 501 is controlled to be positioned in an ear canal, wherein the microphone body 501 adopts an ultra-small-volume MEMS type microphone and is placed in the ear canal to test the sound pressure level A received by the ear of the tester; then, an in-ear type hearing protector (earplug) is installed on the sound guide tube 1 and worn, and the measured sound pressure level A 'after the in-ear type hearing protector is worn is IL (A-A'), so that the insertion loss is obtained; after the sound pressure level A 'of the in-ear type sound protector is measured, the sound pressure level A' can be compared with the sound pressure level obtained by testing the microphone 3, and a plurality of groups of test data are adopted to obtain an average value, so that a more accurate sound insulation measurement result of the in-ear type sound protector is obtained, and the insertion loss of the in-ear type sound protector is judged.
The diameter of the spherical mounting box 502 is larger than that of the sound guide tube 1, and the radius of the spherical mounting box 502 is smaller than that of the sound guide tube 1; the sphere of spherical joint box 502 is made for elastic rubber, and the partial sphere shutoff of spherical joint box 502 is in the mouth of pipe of sound pipe 1, and the sphere shutoff of spherical joint box 502 is in the mouth of pipe department of sound pipe 1, can play better sound insulation and hinder the effect of sound, guarantees the inside relative leakproofness of auditory canal, improves the accuracy of test.
As shown in fig. 6, the soundproof sleeve 2 includes a sleeve body 201, a sleeve cover 202, and a short tube 203; one end of the sleeve body 201 is open, and the other end is closed; one end of the cylinder cover 202 is sleeved at the open end of the sleeve body 201 in a sealing manner, and the other end of the cylinder cover 202 is fixedly connected and communicated with one end of the short pipe 203; the other end of the short pipe 203 is hermetically connected and communicated with the sound guide pipe 1; the sleeve body 201 and the sleeve cover 202 are fixedly connected with the ear hanging bracket 4. The sound insulating sleeve 2 is provided with a sleeve body 201 and a sleeve cover 202, so that the test microphone 3 can be conveniently installed in the sleeve body 201 or taken out from the interior of the sleeve body 201.
As shown in fig. 7, the hanger bracket 4 comprises an ear hanger 401, a cross bar assembly 402 and a hanging assembly 403; one end of the ear hook 401 is connected to one end of the cross bar component 402 in a matching way, and the other end of the cross bar component 402 is connected to the hanging component 403 in a matching way; the suspension assembly 403 is connected with the sleeve body 201 and the sleeve cover 202 in a matching manner. The ear hook 401 is made of plastic with certain elasticity, and the ear hook 401 is used for being hung on ears to realize wearing of the invention; the overall length of the cross bar component 402 can be adjusted appropriately, so that the depth of the in-ear type hearing protector installed on the sound conduit 1 of the invention inserted into the ear canal can be controlled conveniently, and thus the requirements of different tests can be met; the suspension assembly 403 is used for fixing the sound insulation sleeve 2 and controlling the horizontal height of the sound guide tube 1 connected with the sound insulation sleeve 2, so as to control the height position of the in-ear type hearing protector on the sound guide tube 1 and meet different test requirements.
As shown in fig. 9, the cross bar assembly 402 includes a fixed cross bar 402a, a sliding cross bar 402b, a second screw 402c, and a horizontal slider 402 d; one end of the sliding cross bar 402b is connected with the ear hook 401 in a matching way, and the other end of the sliding cross bar 402b is matched in the horizontal slide way of the fixed cross bar 402a in a sliding way; the horizontal sliding block 402d is in sliding fit in a limiting slide way of the fixed cross bar 402a and is fixedly connected with the sliding cross bar 402 b; the middle part of the second screw rod 402c is in threaded transmission connection with the horizontal sliding block 402d, and one end of the second screw rod 402c is in rotating fit with the fixed cross rod 402 a. When the overall length of the cross bar assembly 402 needs to be adjusted, the second screw 402c is rotated to change the contact position between the second screw and the horizontal sliding block 402d, so that the horizontal sliding block 402d drives the sliding cross bar 402b to slide in the horizontal sliding way of the fixed cross bar 402a, thereby completing the adjustment of the overall length of the cross bar assembly 402.
As shown in fig. 10, the hanging assembly 403 includes a sliding sleeve 403a, a vertical shaft 403b, a third screw 403c, a collar 403d, a positioning bolt 403e, an outer frame 403f, an inner frame 403g, and a fourth screw 403 h; the sliding sleeve 403a is fixed at one end of the fixed cross bar 402 a; the sliding sleeve 403a is in sliding fit with the vertical shaft 403b, a groove is arranged on the vertical shaft 403b, and the groove is in sliding fit with a guiding rib in the sliding sleeve 403 a; the upper end of the third screw 403c is rotatably connected to the top surface of the sliding sleeve 403a, and the lower end of the third screw 403c is in threaded fit with the internal threaded hole of the vertical shaft 403 b; the bottom end of the vertical shaft 403b is rotatably matched with the outer frame body 403f, a collar 403d is fixed on the outer frame body 403f, the collar 403d is sleeved on the outer side of the vertical shaft 403b, a positioning bolt 403e is in threaded fit with the collar 403d, and the positioning bolt 403e is pressed on the vertical shaft 403 b; the sleeve body 201 is fixed on the outer frame body 403f, and the sleeve cover 202 is fixed on the inner frame body 403 g; one end of the fourth screw 403h is rotatably connected to the inner frame body 403g, and the other end of the fourth screw 403h is in threaded fit with the inner threaded hole of the outer frame body 403 f. The third screw 403c is rotated to drive the sliding sleeve 403a to slide on the vertical shaft 403b, and the guiding and limiting effects are achieved through the matching of the groove and the guiding convex rib, so that the heights of the outer frame body 403f, the inner frame body 403g and the fourth screw 403h are adjusted, and finally the horizontal height of the sound guide tube 1 is driven to be adjusted, so that the comfort and the accuracy of controlling the in-ear type hearing protector to be inserted into the ear canal are improved; in addition, the structural arrangement of the outer frame body 403f, the inner frame body 403g and the fourth screw 403h can also improve the stability of the cylinder cover 202 and the cylinder body 201 in relative insertion and fixation, so that a better sealing connection effect is achieved, the contact position between the fourth screw 403h and the outer frame body 403f can be changed by rotating the fourth screw 403h, so that the outer frame body 403f and the inner frame body 403g are driven to move relatively or move away from each other, and the outer frame body 403f and the inner frame body 403g are conveniently tightly connected or the outer frame body 403f and the inner frame body 403g are detached and separated; the bottom end of the vertical shaft 403b is rotatably matched with the outer frame body 403f and is located on the inner side of the lantern ring 403d, so that the vertical shaft 403b can rotate relative to the outer frame body 403f, the vertical shaft 403b is pressed against the vertical shaft 403b through the rotating positioning bolt 403e after rotation to realize limiting and fixing after rotation, and finally the angle position of the ear hook 401 is adjusted to achieve more stable and comfortable hanging.
As shown in fig. 11, the sound insulation measuring system further includes a plunger assembly 404; one end of the ear hook 401 is rotatably matched with one end of the cross rod assembly 402 through a short shaft; the plunger assembly 404 comprises a sliding plunger 404a, a support 404b, an unlocking tension spring 404c and a pull block 404 d; the middle part of the sliding inserted rod 404a is in sliding fit with the support 404b, and the support 404b is fixed on the cross rod assembly 402; one end of the sliding insertion rod 404a is inserted into a transverse insertion hole penetrating through the ear hook 401, and the other end of the sliding insertion rod 404a is fixedly connected with a pull block 404 d; the pulling block 404d is fixedly connected with the support 404b through an unlocking tension spring 404 c. The inserted link assembly 404 is used for limiting and fixing the relative positions of the ear hook 401 and the cross rod assembly 402, and the ear hook 401 can rotate at one end of the cross rod assembly 402, so that the left ear test or the right ear test can be conveniently carried out by wearing the invention; after the ear hook 401 rotates 180 degrees, the ear hook can be limited and fixed by inserting the sliding insertion rod 404a into the transverse insertion hole; when the insertion rod assembly 404 is required to release the limitation on the ear hook 401, the pulling block 404d is pulled outwards to drive the unlocking tension spring 404c to stretch, and the sliding insertion rod 404a is driven to be separated from the transverse insertion hole, so that the ear hook 401 can be rotated to adjust; when the plunger assembly 404 is in use, the overall length of the cross bar assembly 402 cannot be adjusted to be too great to prevent the sliding plunger 404a from being inserted into the transverse receptacle.
The principle of the sound insulation amount measuring system is as follows:
when the sound insulation quantity measuring system is used for measuring, an in-ear type sound protector is installed on a sound guide pipe 1, the in-ear type sound protector is mainly an earplug, a central through hole of the in-ear type sound protector is controlled to be sealed with the sound guide pipe 1 to a certain degree, then an ear hanging support 4 is worn on the ear of a tester, the in-ear type sound protector on the sound guide pipe 1 is controlled to be inserted into the ear canal, after the in-ear type sound protector is blocked in the ear canal, a sound pressure level transmitted from the sound guide pipe 1 is measured through a testing microphone 3 in a sound insulation sleeve 2, and a sound pressure level SPL is obtainedIThe sound pressure level SPLIMeasuring the sound pressure level SPL outside the ear canal with an external microphoneIIAnd carrying out spectrum analysis through a dual-channel handheld spectrum analyzer, calculating an actual protection value and a personal sound attenuation value of the in-ear type hearing protector, and completing the test work of the in-ear type hearing protector.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner in the specification, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several improvements and modifications to the present application without departing from the principle of the present application, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.
It is further noted that, in the present specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Claims (16)
1. A method for measuring sound insulation quantity of an in-ear type hearing protector is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. the method comprises the steps that an in-ear type sound protector to be tested is installed on a sound insulation quantity measuring system, the sound insulation quantity measuring system is worn on ears of a tester, and the in-ear type sound protector is controlled to be inserted into an ear canal of the tester through the sound insulation quantity measuring system;
b. in the test space, the sound source is used for emitting noise, and the sound pressure level SPL in the auditory canal is measured by the sound insulation quantity measuring systemIMeasuring the sound pressure level SPL outside the ear canal by means of an external microphone located outside the earII；
c. Sound pressure level SPL in auditory canal is measured to sound insulation measurement system through spectrum analyzerIAnd an external microphone for measuring the sound pressure level SPL outside the ear canalIIPerforming spectral analysis, sound pressure level SPLIISound pressure level SPLIThe sound insulation amount.
2. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein in step b, the sound source comprises an AHAI2034 sound source, an AHAI2043 power amplifier and a signal generator, and the signal generator controls the AHAI2043 power amplifier and the AHAI2034 sound source to generate sounds to generate various types of noise to provide a sound field.
3. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein in step b, the external microphone is an AHAI14615E microphone.
4. The measurement method according to claim 3, wherein in step c, the spectrum analyzer is an AHAI2001-1 multichannel analyzer, and the AHAI2001-1 multichannel analyzer is connected with the AHAI14615E microphone and the sound insulation amount measurement system through a BNC-SMB extension line.
5. The measuring method according to claim 1, wherein in the step b, the sound source is placed in six directions of up and down, left and right, and front and back of the tester, respectively, and six measurements are performed by the sound insulation amount measuring system and the external microphone, respectively, to obtain the average sound pressure level SPL of the six measurements performed by the sound insulation amount measuring systemIAverage sound pressure level SPL of six measurements with an external microphoneII。
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in step b, the sound source is controlled to emit pink noise.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step b, the noise frequency of pink noise emitted from the sound source is between 100 Hz and 10000 Hz.
8. The measuring method according to claim 1, wherein in step b, the distance between the sound source and the sound insulation measuring system and the external microphone is 1 m, and the sound insulation measuring system and the external microphone are placed side by side.
9. A method of measurement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step b the reverberation time in the test space does not exceed 1.6 seconds for each test signal.
10. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein in step b, the sound pressure level SPL in the ear canal is measured by a sound insulation amount measuring systemIAnd meanwhile, controlling the tester to test for multiple times at different positions in the test space.
11. A measuring method according to claim 1, wherein in step b, the test space is an anechoic chamber or a semi-anechoic chamber.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step b, the air pressure of the test space is 65kPa to 108kPa, the air temperature of the test space is-10 ℃ to 50 ℃, and the relative humidity of the test space is: 25 to 90 percent.
13. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the in-ear hearing protector to be tested is an earplug made of soft rubber or soft plastic.
14. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the sound insulation amount measurement system and the external microphone are placed side by side and the same distance from the sound source is controlled before the in-ear type hearing protector is inserted into the ear canal of the test person by the sound insulation amount measurement system, 1/3OCT frequency spectrums of the two microphones in the range of 100 to 10000kHz are compared, and the difference value is taken as a correction value.
15. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein in step c, the spectrum analyzer is electrically connected with an AWA8522 type 5V external power supply and is connected with a computer through a bidirectional USB cable.
16. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the sound insulation amount measurement system comprises: the device comprises a sound guide pipe (1), a sound insulation sleeve (2), a test microphone (3) and a suspension loop bracket (4);
the sound conduit (1) is used for installing an in-ear type hearing protector to be tested;
the sound guide pipe (1) is connected with the open end of the sound insulation sleeve (2) in a sealing fit mode so as to guide the sound pressure level I in the auditory canal into the sound insulation sleeve (2), and the sound pressure level I is measured through a test microphone (3) installed in the sound insulation sleeve (2);
the sound insulation sleeve (2) is arranged on the hanging lug support (4) and is worn on the ears of the test personnel through the hanging lug support (4).
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