CN113416953A - Alloy powder and application thereof in laser cladding - Google Patents
Alloy powder and application thereof in laser cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN113416953A CN113416953A CN202110697175.2A CN202110697175A CN113416953A CN 113416953 A CN113416953 A CN 113416953A CN 202110697175 A CN202110697175 A CN 202110697175A CN 113416953 A CN113416953 A CN 113416953A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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Abstract
The invention discloses alloy powder and application thereof in laser cladding, and belongs to the technical field of metal materials and laser cladding. The invention is concerned withThe gold powder is composed of C, Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb, N, Mn, V, Si, B, Ce, Fe and Y2O3The compound is prepared. The invention adds alloy matrix strengthening elements (Nb, Mn, N) and grain boundary strengthening elements (Ce, Y) into the designed Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo alloy2O3) And reducing melting point and improving various element materials (V, Si and B), and designing and adjusting the appropriate content of various elements to ensure that the alloy powder forms a coherent and stable intermetallic compound gamma' -Ni after cladding and solidification3Nb, a matrix containing a dispersed phase and a second phase reinforced structure solve the technical problem that a laser cladding layer is easy to crack in a large area and in a multilayer mode under the condition that the hardness of the cladding layer is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials and laser cladding, in particular to alloy powder and application thereof in laser cladding.
Background
As an advanced remanufacturing technology, laser cladding is rapidly popularized and widely applied along with the continuous improvement of the power and the stability of a laser and the deep research of a laser processing technology and a matched powder material. Laser cladding is an advanced remanufacturing technology for preparing a high-performance surface coating which is firmly metallurgically bonded with a matrix on the surface of metal, can clad an alloy material with a high melting point on the surface of a base material with a low melting point, and can also prepare a high-performance coating on the surface of the base material with low performance so as to replace a large amount of high-grade and high-performance integral materials, save precious metals or repair damaged parts, reduce the cost of the parts, improve the service performance of the parts and prolong the service life of the parts.
However, the problems of easy cracking of multiple layers and large area generally exist in the existing laser cladding, because the hardness of the laser cladding layer is generally required to be higher, the toughness of the laser cladding layer is poor, and the contradiction between the hardness and the toughness causes that the multiple layers and large area cladding layers are easy to generate cracks and bubbles, so that the performance of the laser cladding layer is unstable. How to avoid the problem that a multilayer and large-area cladding layer is easy to generate cracks and bubbles under the condition of ensuring the hardness is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide alloy powder and application thereof in laser cladding, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, ensure that a multilayer and large-area cladding layer does not generate cracks and bubbles under the condition of ensuring the hardness of the cladding layer, and improve the performance stability of the cladding layer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
one of the objects of the present invention is to provide an alloy powder consisting of the following elements and compounds in weight percent: c: 0.3-0.6 wt%; cr: 12.0-18.0 wt%; ni: 1.2-3.5 wt%; mo: 1.0-3.0 wt%; nb: 1.2-2.8 wt%; n: 0.2-0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3-1.0 wt%; v: 0.8-1.8 wt%; si: 0.8-2.0 wt%; b: 0.8-2.0 wt%; ce: 1.2-1.6 wt%; y is2O3: 0.4-0.8 wt%; the balance being Fe.
Further, the particle size of the alloy powder is 100-270 meshes.
The invention also aims to provide application of the alloy powder in the field of laser cladding.
Further, the laser clad substrate comprises carbon steel or low alloy steel.
Further, the focal length of laser cladding is 280-400 mm; the diameter of the light spot is 3-6 mm.
Further, the scanning speed of laser cladding is 240-400 mm/min; the thickness of the powder is 0.8-1.2 mm.
Further, the protective gas during laser cladding is argon or high-purity nitrogen.
Further, the alloy powder also comprises a drying step before application, wherein the drying temperature is 120-150 ℃, and the drying time is 1.5-2.0 hours.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows:
(1) adding N, Mn and Nb elements on the basis of iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy to strengthen an alloy matrix, wherein the N element is added through a nitrogenous-iron intermediate alloy, the Mn element is added through metal manganese or low-carbon ferromanganese alloy, and the Nb element is added through metal niobium or ferroniobium alloy;
(2) the invention reduces the melting point of the alloy and refines the grain structure by adding V, Si and B elements; the V element is added through metal vanadium or ferrovanadium, the Si element is added through ferrosilicon, and the B element is added through ferroboron;
(3) the invention adds rare earth element Ce and rare earth oxide Y2O3Strengthening the matrix grain boundary and improving the cladding performance; wherein the rare earth element Ce is added in the form of simple substance or oxide; rare earth oxide powder Y made of yttrium oxide ceramic2O3Adding;
(4) according to the invention, by adjusting the granularity of the alloy powder to be 100-270 meshes, on one hand, the alloy powder is suitable for a pneumatic powder feeder to feed powder at a constant speed, and normal and reasonable cladding is ensured;
(5) the invention improves and optimizes the performance of the powder alloy by adding alloy matrix strengthening elements, crystal boundary strengthening elements, elements for reducing melting point and improving performance (refining crystal grains), strengthening phase materials and the like, and designs and adjusts the proper content of each element. So that the alloy powder forms an intermetallic compound gamma' -Ni with coherent stability after cladding and solidification3Nb, a matrix containing a dispersed phase and a second phase reinforced structure, so that good comprehensive performance is obtained, the alloy has high hardness and strength, the melting point is reduced, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance are increased, the multi-layer and large-area cladding performance is improved, and the cracking tendency is reduced. The problems of poor crack resistance, formability, manufacturability and the like of alloy powder in a laser cladding layer are solved, and the comprehensive performance requirements of repairing failed parts on the cladding layer such as temperature resistance, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, higher strength, easiness in processing and the like are met.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
on the basis of the iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy, an alloy matrix strengthening element, a grain boundary strengthening element, a dispersion particle element, a melting point-reducing refined crystal particle element and a second strengthening phase are added, the content of each element is adjusted, and multiple strengthening means are used together, so that the alloy matrix is strengthened, the quality of the grain boundary is improved, the alloy obtains good comprehensive properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, excellent cladding performance, easiness in machining and the like, the melting point of the alloy is reduced, and the multilayer large-area cladding performance is improved; the problems of poor crack resistance, formability and manufacturability of the alloy powder in the laser cladding layer are solved, and the requirements of the repair part on the comprehensive properties of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and the like of the cladding layer are met. Particularly, the method has the advantages that the method greatly reduces the tendency of multilayer large-area cladding cracking of the alloy powder, is not easy to generate cladding defects such as air holes and inclusions, and obviously reduces the material cost compared with nickel-based alloy powder and cobalt-based alloy powder.
The invention has wider application range, can be used for repairing parts made of various carbon steel and low alloy steel by multilayer and large-area laser cladding, achieves the effects of reusing failed parts and prolonging the service life, can be widely applied to the laser surface cladding repair of parts such as various oil cylinders, piston rods, shafts and the like in the ore machine and metallurgical industry, and has extremely wide application prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a laser cladding layer of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a surface topography of the laser cladding layer of example 1.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
Carrying out laser cladding treatment on the surface (made of low-alloy carbon steel) of the failed hydraulic oil cylinder, wherein the alloy powder for laser cladding comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.45 of; cr: 15.5; ni: 2.0; mo: 1.6; nb: 1.5; n: 0.3; mn: 0.4; v: 1.1; si: 1.2; b: 1.2; ce: 1.3; y is2O3: 0.45 of; the balance being Fe.
Carrying out laser cladding by adopting a 4 kilowatt semiconductor laser, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: power 3000W; the focal length is 280 mm; the diameter of the light spot is 6 mm; the scanning speed is 360 mm/min; the thickness of the powder is 0.8 mm;
the alloy powder is dried for 1.5 hours at 120 ℃ before cladding.
As a result: cladding three layers together, wherein the total cladding thickness is 2.5 mm; the cladding area is 1.2 square meters; the hardness is HRC55-58 by multipoint detection; the non-destructive inspection detection shows that the cladding layer has no cracks and no bubbles; the coal delivery machine company is installed in an underground operation area, the observation effect is good after the coal delivery machine company is used for half a year, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance are greatly improved, the coal delivery machine company can be used for 3 to 5 years, and the replacement period of the oil cylinder is prolonged.
Example 2
Carrying out laser cladding on a structural steel large shaft (made of low-alloy structural steel) which fails in a steel company, wherein alloy powder for laser cladding consists of the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.5; cr: 16.2; ni: 2.4; mo: 1.5; nb: 2.4; n: 0.35; mn: 0.45 of; v: 1.2; si: 1.3; b: 1.1; ce: 1.4; y is2O3: 0.5; the balance being Fe.
Carrying out laser cladding by adopting a 3 kilowatt semiconductor laser, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: power 2600W; the focal length is 280 mm; the diameter of the light spot is 4 mm; the scanning speed is 240 mm/min; the thickness of the powder is 1.1 mm;
the alloy powder is dried for 1.5 hours at 150 ℃ before cladding.
As a result: cladding three layers together, wherein the total cladding thickness is 3 mm; the cladding area is 1.2 square meters; the hardness is HRC52-55 measured by multipoint detection; the non-destructive inspection detection shows that the cladding layer has no cracks and no bubbles; the recovery machine has good use effect, the wear resistance is greatly improved, and the maintenance and replacement period is prolonged.
Example 3
Carrying out laser cladding on the intermediate flange shaft (made of 42CrMo steel), wherein the alloy powder for laser cladding comprises the following elements in percentage by weight (wt%): c: 0.6; cr: 12.0 of the total weight of the mixture; ni: 1.2; mo: 3.0; nb: 2.8 of; n: 0.5; mn: 0.3; v: 0.8; si: 2.0; b: 0.8; ce: 1.6; y is2O3: 0.4; the balance being Fe.
Carrying out on-site laser cladding by adopting a 3 kilowatt semiconductor laser, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: power 3800W; the focal length is 300 mm; the diameter of the light spot is 6 mm; the scanning speed is 400 mm/min; the thickness of the powder is 1.2 mm;
the alloy powder is dried for 1.8 hours at 150 ℃ before cladding.
As a result: cladding four layers together, wherein the total cladding thickness is 4.8 mm; the cladding area is 1.5 square meters; the hardness is HRC47-50 measured by multipoint detection; the nondestructive inspection of the cladding layer shows no crack, no bubble and other defects.
Example 4
Carrying out laser cladding on the wear-resistant belt of the steel rolling connecting shaft, wherein the alloy powder for laser cladding comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.3; cr: 18.0 of; ni: 3.5; mo: 1.0; nb: 1.2; n: 0.2; mn: 1.0; v: 1.8; si: 0.8; b: 2.0; ce: 1.2; y is2O3: 0.8; the balance being Fe.
Carrying out on-site laser cladding by adopting a 3 kilowatt semiconductor laser, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: power 2600W; the focal length is 400 mm; the diameter of the light spot is 3 mm; the scanning speed is 300 mm/min; placing the powder with the thickness of 1 mm;
and drying the alloy powder for 2 hours at 130 ℃ before cladding.
As a result: cladding two layers together, wherein the total cladding thickness is 2 mm; the cladding area is 0.8 square meter; the hardness is HRC58-62 by multipoint detection; the cladding layer is free of cracks and bubbles through magnetic powder inspection.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the addition of Nb and N elements is omitted.
As a result: cladding three layers together, wherein the total cladding thickness is 2.5 mm; the hardness is HRC48 measured by multipoint detection, and the existence of cracks and bubbles in the cladding layer is detected by magnetic powder inspection.
Comparative example 2
The difference from embodiment 1 is that the addition of the V element is omitted.
As a result: cladding three layers together, wherein the total cladding thickness is 2.5 mm; the hardness measured by multipoint detection is HRC 50; and detecting the existence of cracks and a small amount of bubbles in the cladding layer by magnetic powder inspection.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that Ce and Y are omitted2O3Or (2) is added.
As a result: cladding three layers together, wherein the total cladding thickness is 2.5 mm; the hardness measured by multipoint detection is HRC 52; the magnetic powder inspection detects that the cladding layer has cracks and bubbles, and the surface flatness of the cladding layer is not good.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An alloy powder, characterized in that it consists of the following elements and compounds in weight percent: c: 0.3-0.6 wt%; cr: 12.0-18.0 wt%; ni: 1.2-3.5 wt%; mo: 1.0-3.0 wt%; nb: 1.2-2.8 wt%; n: 0.2-0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3-1.0 wt%; v: 0.8-1.8 wt%; si: 0.8-2.0 wt%; b: 0.8-2.0 wt%; ce: 1.2-1.6 wt%; y is2O3: 0.4-0.8 wt%; the balance being Fe.
2. The alloy powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the alloy powder is 100-270 mesh.
3. Use of an alloy powder according to claim 1 or 2 in laser cladding.
4. The use of an alloy powder according to claim 3 in laser cladding, wherein the laser clad substrate comprises carbon steel or low alloy steel.
5. The application of the alloy powder in laser cladding as claimed in claim 3, wherein the focal length of laser cladding is 280-400 mm, and the diameter of a light spot is 3-6 mm.
6. The application of the alloy powder in laser cladding as claimed in claim 3, wherein the scanning speed of laser cladding is 240-400 mm/min, and the powder placing thickness is 0.8-1.2 mm.
7. The use of the alloy powder in laser cladding as claimed in claim 3, wherein the alloy powder further comprises a step of baking before the use, the baking temperature is 120 ℃ and 150 ℃, and the baking time is 1.5-2.0 hours.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114622198A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-06-14 | 上海吴泾第二发电有限责任公司 | Power station generator rotor shaft neck damage laser cladding repair method and application |
| CN117385352A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-01-12 | 龙门实验室 | Zirconium alloy part surface protective coating for nuclear reactor |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN117385352A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-01-12 | 龙门实验室 | Zirconium alloy part surface protective coating for nuclear reactor |
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