CN113416530B - High-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of oilfield exploitation and comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of a surfactant, 15-25 parts of a nano-additive, 12-18 parts of a polymer additive and 16-24 parts of a small molecular polyol; wherein the small molecular polyol is selected from linear chain hydrocarbon polyol of C3-C8, and the nano auxiliary agent is selected from nano CaO, nano ZnO and nano CaCO 3 Or nano SiO 2 At least one of; the polymer auxiliary agent is selected from at least one of polyether polyol, polyester polyol or polyacrylamide. The high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer has excellent emulsifying capacity, strong permeability and large swept volume, obviously reduces the viscosity of thick oil, and greatly improves the recovery ratio of the thick oil.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of oilfield exploitation.
Background
Because most production wells are exploited for many years, the light components in the oil reservoir are continuously exploited, so that the viscosity of underground crude oil is increased, and the proportion of heavy oil is increased. The thickened oil has the characteristics of high density, high viscosity, high content of colloid asphaltene, poor fluidity and the like, so the recovery ratio is lower. At present, the development mode of thickened oil is mainly thermal recovery, and comprises the technologies of steam huff and puff, steam flooding, in-situ combustion, steam assisted gravity drainage and the like. Among them, the steam swallowing and spitting and steam flooding technologies are mature and widely applied to the heavy oil recovery.
However, during the steam injection exploitation process, on one hand, due to the difference of the viscosities of the steam and the crude oil, the steam injection pressure is large, and the steam volume sweep coefficient is low; on the other hand, after the steam injection, the formation temperature is greatly reduced and the viscosity of the thick oil is increased again, so that the thermal recovery period is short and the recovery efficiency is low. The efficient thick oil viscosity reducer injected with steam can reduce the steam injection pressure and the lifting resistance of a shaft, however, the temperature of the steam is higher (up to 350 ℃), so the viscosity reducer injected with steam is required to have higher temperature resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer is excellent in emulsifying capacity, strong in penetrating capacity and large in swept volume, the viscosity of thick oil is remarkably reduced, and the recovery ratio of the thick oil is greatly improved.
According to one aspect of the application, a high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer is provided, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of a surfactant, 15-25 parts of a nano-additive, 12-18 parts of a polymer additive and 16-24 parts of a small molecular polyol;
wherein the small molecular polyol is selected from linear chain hydrocarbon polyol of C3-C8, and the nano auxiliary agent is selected from nano CaO, nano ZnO and nano CaCO 3 Or nano SiO 2 At least one of; the polymer auxiliary agent is selected from at least one of polyether polyol, polyester polyol or polyacrylamide.
Optionally, the feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-48 parts of a surfactant, 17-23 parts of a nano assistant, 13-16 parts of a polymer assistant and 18-22 parts of a small molecular polyol; and/or
The small molecular polyol is pentanediol;
preferably, the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of surfactant, 20 parts of nano-additive, 15 parts of polymer additive and 20 parts of micromolecular polyol.
Optionally, the surfactant comprises at least one of a fluorocarbon surfactant or a hydrogen carbon surfactant;
preferably, the surfactant comprises a fluorocarbon surfactant and a hydrogen-carbon surfactant, wherein the mass ratio of the fluorocarbon surfactant to the hydrogen-carbon surfactant is 1.5-2.5: 1.
more preferably, the surfactant comprises a fluorocarbon surfactant and a hydrogen-carbon surfactant, wherein the mass ratio of the fluorocarbon surfactant to the hydrogen-carbon surfactant is 2: 1.
optionally, the fluorocarbon surfactant is at least one of carboxylate fluorocarbon surfactant, sulfonate fluorocarbon surfactant or quaternary ammonium fluorocarbon surfactant;
preferably, the carboxylate fluorocarbon surfactant is a perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant, and the sulfonate fluorocarbon surfactant is a perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant, wherein the mass ratio of the perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant to the perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant is 0.8-1.5: 1.
more preferably, the carboxylate fluorocarbon surfactant is a perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant, and the sulfonate fluorocarbon surfactant is a perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant, wherein the mass ratio of the perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant to the perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant is 1: 1.
optionally, the hydrogen carbon surfactant is at least one of a polyoxyethylene type surfactant, a polyol surfactant, an alkylolamide type surfactant, or an amine oxide type surfactant;
preferably, the hydrogen carbon surfactant is a polyoxyethylene type surfactant.
Preferably, the hydrogen carbon surfactant is a fatThe structural general formula of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is R-O- (CH) 2 CH 2 O) n H and R are selected from one of C12-C18 alkyl containing straight chain or branched chain.
More preferably, the hydro-carbon surfactant is a linear C14 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
Optionally, the nano additive comprises nano CaO and nano CaCO 3 The nano-CaO and the nano-CaCO 3 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 2-6: 1;
preferably, the nano auxiliary agent comprises nano CaO and nano CaCO 3 The nano-CaO and the nano-CaCO 3 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 4: 1.
Optionally, the polymer aid is a polyether polyol;
preferably, the polymer auxiliary is selected from at least one of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polyether triol.
More preferably, the polymer aid is a polyether triol.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for preparing the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
and mixing the surfactant, the nano additive, the polymer additive and the micromolecular polyol, stirring and uniformly mixing.
According to still another aspect of the present application, there is provided a use of a high-temperature heavy oil viscosity reducer in heavy oil reservoir exploitation, the high-temperature heavy oil viscosity reducer being selected from one of the high-temperature heavy oil viscosity reducer described in any one of the above and the high-temperature heavy oil viscosity reducer prepared by the above preparation method;
the temperature of the heavy oil reservoir is 80-200 ℃, and the viscosity is more than 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 mPa · s, relative density of more than 0.98g/cm 3 。
Optionally, the stratum water salinity of the heavy oil reservoir is not lower than 80000 mg/L.
Optionally, the application of the high-temperature heavy oil viscosity reducer in heavy oil reservoir exploitation comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting a high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer into an oil layer for the first time;
(2) soaking the well for the first time;
(3) injecting steam and a high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer into an oil layer;
(4) injecting a catalyst into the oil layer for the second time;
(5) stewing for the second time;
wherein the catalyst is a transition metal salt of an organic acid.
Optionally, the injection amount of the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer in the step 1) is 0.05-0.1t/m, and the injection speed is 10-15m 3 The time of the first soaking in the step 2) is 16-24h, the injection amount of the steam in the step 3) is 5-10t/m, the injection amount of the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer is 0.1-0.2t/m, and the injection speed is 10-15m 3 H, the injection amount of the catalyst in the step 4) is 0.05 to 0.1t/m, and the injection speed is 10 to 15m 3 The time for the second soaking in the step 4) is 24-36 h.
Preferably, the injection amount of the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer in the step 1) is 0.08t/m, and the injection speed is 12m 3 The time of the first soaking in the step 2) is 18 hours, the injection amount of the steam in the step 3) is 8t/m, the injection amount of the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer is 0.16t/m, and the injection speed is 12m 3 H, the catalyst injection amount in the step 4) is 0.08t/m, and the injection speed is 12m 3 And h, the time for the second soaking in the step 4) is 30 h.
Optionally, the transition metal salt of the organic acid is selected from at least one of iron oleate, cobalt oleate, nickel oleate, iron stearate, cobalt stearate, or nickel stearate;
preferably, the transition metal salt of an organic acid is iron oleate.
Benefits of the present application include, but are not limited to:
1. the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer has excellent emulsifying capacity, strong permeability and large swept volume, obviously reduces the viscosity of thick oil, greatly improves the recovery ratio of the thick oil, and has good popularization prospect.
2. According to the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer, the micromolecular polyhydric alcohol is added, so that the penetrating capacity of molecules of the viscosity reducer to thick oil is improved, an adsorption film formed on an oil-water interface is damaged, and the rapid dispersion of colloid and asphaltene in the thick oil is realized; and secondly, the micromolecular polyalcohol and the polyoxyethylene surfactant are combined for use, and the oil-water interfacial tension can be close to zero, so that the oil layer can form microemulsion more easily, and the viscosity reduction effect is more obvious.
3. According to the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer, the stability of the viscosity reducer is improved by adding the fluorocarbon surfactant with specific types and proportions. The viscosity reducer has strong temperature resistance, has a good viscosity reduction effect within the temperature range of 50-350 ℃, has the viscosity reduction rate of over 80 percent, and is suitable for the steam flooding heavy oil thermal recovery technology; the viscosity reducer has good salt tolerance and is suitable for oil reservoirs with the mineralization degree higher than 80000 mg/L.
4. According to the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer, the nano auxiliary agent is added, so that oil-in-water emulsion particles are smaller and more uniform, the seepage capability is improved, and the swept volume is increased. Furthermore, during the seepage of the viscosity reducer, CaO encounters formation water to form Ca (OH) 2 In one aspect, Ca (OH) 2 The surfactant reacts with organic acid in the thickened oil to generate a surface active substance which can be used as a surfactant to further reduce the viscosity of the thickened oil; on the other hand, Ca (OH) 2 As an alkaline substance, the pH of formation water is improved, and negative charges on the surface of rock are increased, so that the adsorption of a negatively charged surfactant is effectively reduced, and the retention loss of the negatively charged surfactant on the rock is reduced; the anionic surfactants, namely FC-5 and FC-15 are added into the viscosity reducer, so that the temperature resistance and salt resistance of the viscosity reducer are improved, the retention loss of the FC-5 and the FC-15 on rocks is reduced under the action of an alkaline substance, the viscosity reducing effect of the viscosity reducer on thick oil is further ensured, and the recovery efficiency of the thick oil is improved; on the other hand, after steam is injected into the oil layer, the oil layer is heated, organic sulfides such as mercaptan, thioether and the like in the crude oil react at high temperature to generate hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur-containing minerals in the stratum react at high temperature to generate hydrogen sulfide, so that Ca (OH) 2 The hydrogen sulfide can be reduced, and the produced hydrogen sulfide is prevented from producing and damaging an oil extraction device or an oil pipeline; in addition, CaO encounters the formationWater formation Ca (OH) 2 The process of (2) gives off heat, thereby further reducing the viscosity of the thick oil. Furthermore, nano CaCO 3 Added to the formation, the PH of the formation water may be raised, further reducing retention loss of the negatively charged surfactant on the rock.
5. According to the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer, the polymer auxiliary agent with polar groups is added, so that hydrogen bonds can be formed between the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer and asphaltene, colloid and other polar substances in thick oil, the colloid, the asphaltene and other heavy components deposited on the surface of a rock can be diluted and stripped under the action of steam, and a part of the colloid, the asphaltene and other heavy components are partially scattered to form an aggregate which is formed by overlapping and stacking planes, so that flaky molecules are randomly stacked, the structure is loose, and the spatial extension degree is reduced, so that a spatial network structure formed by the asphaltene and the colloid is damaged, and the viscosity of the thick oil is reduced; in addition, the addition of the polymer auxiliary agent can protect the surfactant from Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ High valence cations react, so that the salt resistance of the viscosity reducer is further improved.
6. According to the preparation method of the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer, the preparation method is simple in process, beneficial to operation and low in production cost.
7. According to the application of the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer in the exploitation of the thick oil reservoir, the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer is injected into an oil layer at first, and is stewed for the first time, so that the viscosity of crude oil in a near-wellbore area is greatly reduced, the injection resistance of steam is effectively reduced, and the heat wave and range of the steam are increased; steam and the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer are continuously injected, the steam improves the temperature and the fluidity of the thick oil, so that the swept volume of the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer is further improved, the viscosity reducer is enabled to seep to the edge of the rock, and the colloid and the asphaltene deposited on the surface of the rock are diluted and stripped by other heavy components; after steam is injected, the oil layer is at a higher temperature, the catalyst is continuously injected, the quality of the thick oil is improved on site through the catalytic action, and chemical bonds with lower bond energy in the heavy component are easy to break, so that the heavy component is converted into light components with less carbon number, the viscosity of the thick oil is permanently reduced, and the thick oil after viscosity reduction has good stability and no rebound viscosity.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and catalysts in the examples of the present application were all purchased commercially.
Example 1 viscosity reducer 1#
The viscosity reducer 1# comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15g of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant, 15g of perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant, 15g of straight-chain C14 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 16g of nano CaO, and 4g of nano CaCO 3 15g of polyether triol and 20g of pentanediol.
The preparation method of the viscosity reducer 1# comprises the following steps:
adding the components into a stirring reaction kettle in proportion, stirring for 2 hours, and uniformly mixing to obtain the viscosity reducer No. 1.
Example 2 viscosity reducer 2# -19#
According to the preparation method of the example 1, viscosity reducers 2# -19# with different types and content compositions are provided, and the details are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
Comparative example 1 viscosity reducer D1# -D8#
According to the preparation method of example 1, viscosity reducers D1# -D9# with different types and content compositions are provided, and see Table 2 specifically.
TABLE 2
Experimental example 1
The temperature resistance and salt resistance of the obtained high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer are tested by the following methods, and the test results are shown in table 3:
crude oil for testing: crude oil of a block of the Shengli oil field (viscosity of 16750mPa & S at 50 ℃ C., density of 0.9921 g/cm) 3 )。
And (3) measuring the viscosity reduction rate at different temperatures: firstly, measuring the initial viscosity of the thick oil by using a rotational viscometer, then adding 60g of viscosity reducer into a reaction kettle, standing at the temperature of 50-350 ℃ for 24h, taking out, adding the viscosity reducer cooled to 50 ℃ into 140g of thick oil, stirring and emulsifying for 20min, measuring the viscosity of the thick oil after reaction by using a rotational viscometer, and calculating the viscosity reduction rate of the viscosity reducer on the thick oil.
And (3) measuring the salt resistance: in laboratory for analyzing pure reagent CaCl 2 、MgCl 2 Preparing formation simulation water with the mineralization degree of 100000mg/L by using NaCl, KCl and distilled water; adding 5g of formation simulation water into 135g of thick oil, stirring uniformly, adding 60g of viscosity reducer, stirring and emulsifying for 20min, measuring the viscosity of the thick oil after reaction by using a rotary viscosity meter, and calculating to obtain the viscosity reduction rate of the viscosity reducer on the thick oil.
TABLE 3
The results in table 3 show that the viscosity reducer 1# to 19# obtained in the embodiment of the application has excellent emulsifying capacity and high stability, has a good viscosity reduction effect in a temperature range of 50-350 ℃, has a viscosity reduction rate of more than 80%, and is suitable for a steam flooding heavy oil thermal recovery technology; the viscosity reducer has good salt tolerance and is suitable for oil reservoirs with the mineralization degree higher than 80000 mg/L.
Experimental example 2
The viscosity reducer with the same type and content as those in example 1 was used to perform an on-site viscosity reduction experiment on a certain oil well in a victory oil field, and the oil reservoir conditions of the oil well are as follows: the reservoir temperature was 150 c,the viscosity of the thick oil under the oil layer condition is 15980 mPa.s, and the relative density is 0.99g/cm 3 The field application comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer into the oil layer, wherein the injection amount is 0.08t/m, and the injection speed is 12m 3 /h；
(2) Soaking the oil well for 18 h;
(3) injecting steam into the oil layer with the injection amount of 8t/m, and injecting high temperature thick oil viscosity reducer together with the steam with the injection amount of 0.16t/m and the injection speed of 12m 3 /h；
(4) Injecting iron oleate into the oil layer at an injection rate of 12m and an injection amount of 0.08t/m 3 /h；
(5) Soaking the oil layer for 30 hours; and then opening the well to recover the crude oil.
The method is used for thick oil recovery, the average cycle production time of an oil well is 160 days, the cumulative oil-gas ratio is 1.32, and the average cycle oil recovery is 2520 tons.
The above description is only an example of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by these specific examples, but is defined by the claims of the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the technical idea and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of a surfactant, 15-25 parts of a nano-additive, 12-18 parts of a polymer additive and 16-24 parts of a small molecular polyol;
wherein the small molecular polyol is selected from linear chain hydrocarbon polyols of C3-C8, and the polymer auxiliary agent is polyether triol;
the surfactant comprises a fluorocarbon surfactant and a hydrogen-carbon surfactant, wherein the mass ratio of the fluorocarbon surfactant to the hydrogen-carbon surfactant is 1.5-2.5: 1; the fluorocarbon surfactant comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.5: 1, a perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant and a perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant; the hydrogen-carbon surfactant is a polyoxyethylene surfactant;
the nano assistant comprises nano CaO and nano CaCO 3 The nano-CaO and the nano-CaCO 3 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 2-6: 1.
2. The high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-48 parts of a surfactant, 17-23 parts of a nano assistant, 13-16 parts of a polymer assistant and 18-22 parts of a small molecular polyol; and/or
The small molecular polyol is pentanediol.
3. The high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer according to claim 2, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of surfactant, 20 parts of nano-additive, 15 parts of polymer additive and 20 parts of micromolecular polyol.
4. The high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the fluorocarbon surfactant to the hydrogen-carbon surfactant is 2: 1.
5. the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant to the perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid potassium fluorocarbon surfactant is 1: 1.
6. the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer according to claim 4, wherein the hydrocarbon surfactant is linear C14 fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
7. The high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nano auxiliary agent comprises nano CaO and nano CaCO 3 The nano-CaO and the nano-CaCO 3 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 4: 1.
8. The method for preparing the high-temperature thick oil viscosity reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps:
and mixing the surfactant, the nano additive, the polymer additive and the micromolecular polyol, stirring and uniformly mixing.
9. The application of the high-temperature heavy oil viscosity reducer in heavy oil reservoir exploitation is characterized in that the high-temperature heavy oil viscosity reducer is selected from one of the high-temperature heavy oil viscosity reducer of any one of claims 1-7 and the high-temperature heavy oil viscosity reducer prepared by the method of claim 8;
the temperature of the heavy oil reservoir is 80-200 ℃, and the viscosity is more than 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 mPa · s, relative density of more than 0.98g/cm 3 。
10. The use of claim 9, wherein the heavy oil reservoir has a formation water salinity of not less than 80000 mg/L.
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| US20100096139A1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2010-04-22 | Frac Tech Services, Ltd. | Method for Intervention Operations in Subsurface Hydrocarbon Formations |
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| CN102618239A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-08-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Salt- and temperature-resistant emulsification viscosity reducer for heavy oil |
| CN106398676A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-15 | 大连百奥泰科技有限公司 | Temperature-tolerant salt-tolerant thickened oil emulsifying viscosity reducer, and applications thereof |
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