CN113416362A - Method for preparing recycled plastic by using waste plastic - Google Patents
Method for preparing recycled plastic by using waste plastic Download PDFInfo
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- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing recycled plastic by using waste plastic, which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing composite waste plastic; secondly, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of composite waste plastic, 15-20 parts of low-density polyethylene, 2-6 parts of maleic anhydride graft, 1.7-2.5 parts of modified graphene oxide, 1 part of initiator, 0.01-0.02 part of antioxidant and 1.5-1.8 parts of lubricant; thirdly, mixing the raw materials at 75-90 ℃, transferring the mixture into a double-screw extruder, and carrying out melting, extrusion, vacuumizing, air cooling, grain cutting and drying to obtain the recycled plastic; the composite waste plastic is obtained by mixing, slicing, cleaning and aggregating waste PET, PP and ABS plastics, the advantages and disadvantages of the waste PET, PP and ABS plastics are complementary, and the regenerated plastic is endowed with excellent mechanical property and ageing resistance by adding maleic anhydride graft, modified graphite oxide and other additives.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of recycled plastics, and particularly relates to a method for preparing recycled plastics by using waste plastics.
Background
The main component of the polyester bottle is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which has the characteristics of no odor, no toxicity, light weight, high strength, good air tightness, high transparency and the like, but the utilization rate is low, the polypropylene (PP) and the polyethylene terephthalate macromolecular chain have tertiary carbon atoms, and can be easily aged and degraded by the action of heat, light, oxygen and the like during storage, processing and daily use to generate hydroxyl, carboxyl and other groups, thereby seriously influencing the service life of the product, having certain restriction effect on the reutilization range and field, and the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) has good comprehensive mechanical property, high hardness, low glossiness, poor thermal oxygen stability and the like, The recycled plastic has stable size and toughening effect, and the waste plastics exist in large quantity, so that the environment pollution and the resource waste are caused, and therefore, the recycled plastic with excellent mechanical property and ageing resistance is prepared by recycling and modifying the waste PET, PP and ABS plastics and adding other auxiliary additives.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing recycled plastic by using waste plastic, so as to solve the technical problems in the background.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing recycled plastic by using waste plastic comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting and treating waste plastics to prepare composite waste plastics;
secondly, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of composite waste plastic, 15-20 parts of low-density polyethylene, 2-6 parts of maleic anhydride graft, 1.7-2.5 parts of modified graphene oxide, 1 part of initiator, 0.01-0.02 part of antioxidant and 1.5-1.8 parts of lubricant;
and thirdly, adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to the proportion, mixing for 3-5min at the mixing temperature of 75-90 ℃ and the rotating speed of 400-.
Further, the collection and treatment process of the waste plastics comprises the following steps: waste PET, PP and ABS plastics are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5-0.7: 1: 0.3, crushing the mixture into flaky materials, washing the flaky materials with water to remove impurities, drying the flaky materials at 60 ℃, controlling the water content to be 1-3%, transferring the flaky materials to a granulator for agglomeration, and aggregating the materials into particles with the particle diameter of 0.3-2cm and the material bulk density of 600 plus materials of 800kg/m3Finishing the raw material treatment to obtain composite waste plastic;
further, the initiator is di-tert-butylperoxy diisopropylbenzene.
Further, the antioxidant is prepared by mixing an antioxidant 1010 and an antioxidant 168 according to a mass ratio of 1: 1.
Further, the lubricant is formed by mixing one or more of white mineral oil, Ethylene Bis Stearamide (EBS) and calcium stearate according to any proportion.
Further, the twin-screw extruder temperature in the third step is set to: the temperature of the pre-melting zone is 140-.
Further, the maleic anhydride graft is made by the steps of:
step 1, adding ultraviolet absorbers UV-P and DMF into a reaction kettle, adding potassium permanganate and hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 17%, heating to 65-68 ℃, stirring for reaction for 4-5h, transferring a reaction product into ice water, stirring, precipitating yellow solid, performing suction filtration, washing a filter cake with deionized water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 68-75 ℃ for 24h to obtain an intermediate 1; wherein the dosage ratio of the ultraviolet absorbent UV-P, DMF to the potassium permanganate to the hydrochloric acid solution is 29.8-30.2 g: 88-90 mL: 0.15-0.2 g: 2.5-4.1 mL;
taking UV-P as a substrate, and obtaining an intermediate 1 under the catalytic action of acidic potassium permanganate, wherein the reaction process is as follows:
step 2, adding the intermediate 1, anthranilic alcohol and n-octane into a three-neck flask, uniformly stirring, heating to 90-95 ℃, adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the mixture, carrying out reflux reaction for 3-4h, cooling to 60 ℃, adding deionized water, reacting for 20-30min, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate 2, namely a UV-P graft; wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 1, the anthranilic alcohol, the n-octane, the concentrated sulfuric acid and the deionized water is 0.01 mol: 0.01 mol: 85.6-88.1 mL: 0.5-0.8 mL: 100mL, the mass fraction of concentrated sulfuric acid is 95%;
the intermediate 1 and anthranilic alcohol are subjected to esterification reaction to obtain an intermediate 2, namely a UV-P graft, and the reaction process is as follows:
step 3, adding chlorobenzene into a reaction kettle, introducing phosgene, adding the intermediate 2 under the stirring condition, performing reflux reaction for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 130-140 ℃, continuing introducing phosgene until the molar ratio of the phosgene to the intermediate 2 reaches 6.5:1, finishing the reaction, and introducing nitrogen at the temperature of 80-85 ℃ to remove phosgene and hydrogen chloride gas to obtain an intermediate 3; wherein the dosage ratio of the chlorobenzene to the intermediate 2 is 30-35mL:0.05 mol;
reacting the intermediate 2 with phosgene to form-NH2Conversion to-NCO gave intermediate 3, the reaction was as follows:
and 4, adding the intermediate 3, a potassium hydroxide solution and absolute ethyl alcohol into a reaction kettle, stirring at the rotation speed of 150-200r/min and at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, adding 1,2, 4-trimellitic anhydride acyl chloride, performing reflux reaction for 5-8h, extracting with ethyl acetate after the reaction is finished, and performing reduced pressure distillation to remove the ethyl acetate to obtain a maleic anhydride graft, wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 3, the potassium hydroxide solution, the absolute ethyl alcohol to the 1,2, 4-trimellitic anhydride acyl chloride is 0.01 mol: 5-8 mL: 46.8-54.2 mL: 0.01mol, and the mass fraction of the potassium hydroxide solution is 10 percent;
under the alkaline condition, the intermediate 3 and 1,2, 4-trimellitic anhydride acyl chloride are subjected to elimination of HCl reaction to obtain maleic anhydride graft.
The reaction process is as follows:
further, the modified graphene oxide is prepared by the following steps:
step A1, adding hexadecyl tributyl phosphonium bromide, acetone and deionized water into a three-neck flask, magnetically stirring for 1h at room temperature to obtain an intercalation solution, mixing graphene oxide, acetone and deionized water, magnetically stirring for 0.5h at 70 ℃, then adding the intercalation solution, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 8h, carrying out suction filtration, alternately washing a filter cake for 3-5 times by using ethanol and distilled water, and drying to constant weight at 60 ℃ to obtain an intermediate product;
and A2, adding the intermediate product, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water into a three-neck flask, then dropwise adding a coupling agent KH-560, stirring for 5min, adding an acetic acid solution to adjust the pH value to 6, stirring to react for 4-6h, after the reaction is finished, performing centrifugal treatment, washing the precipitate with distilled water until the washing liquid is neutral, and drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the modified graphene oxide.
Further, in the step A1, the dosage ratio of the hexadecyl tributyl phosphonium bromide to the acetone to the deionized water is 2.1-2.3 g: 50mL of: 50mL, wherein the dosage ratio of the graphene oxide, the acetone, the deionized water and the treatment liquid is 5 g: 100mL of: 100mL of: 100 mL.
Further, the dosage ratio of the intermediate product, the absolute ethyl alcohol, the deionized water and the coupling agent KH-560 in the step A2 is 1.1-1.3 g: 28-32 mL: 20mL of: 0.5-0.7 g.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention takes composite waste plastic, low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride graft, modified graphene oxide, an initiator, an antioxidant and a lubricant as raw materials to prepare the recycled plastic, wherein the composite waste plastic is obtained by mixing, slicing, cleaning and aggregating waste PET, PP and ABS plastics, the quality of the waste PET, PP and ABS plastics is complementary, and the maleic anhydride graft, the modified graphite oxide and other additives are added to endow the recycled plastic with excellent mechanical property and aging resistance;
2) according to the invention, UV-P is used as a substrate, a maleic anhydride graft is obtained through a series of chemical reactions, the maleic anhydride graft contains a benzimidazole structure, an anhydride structure, an ester group and isocyanate, the UV-P has better ultraviolet absorption performance, the anhydride structure can undergo a condensation reaction with amino and hydroxyl in a plastic base material after undergoing a ring opening reaction under heating, the compatibility of the maleic anhydride graft and the plastic base material is improved by introducing the ester group, the isocyanate is used as a more active group and can undergo a chemical reaction with the amino, hydroxyl and epoxy in the plastic base material, the compatibility and a crosslinking type of the plastic base material are improved, and further the mechanical performance and the anti-aging performance of the regenerated plastic are improved;
3) according to the preparation method, hexadecyl tributyl phosphorus bromide is used as an intercalation agent, so that graphene oxide is easier to strip to obtain an intermediate product of a nanosheet layer, the intermediate product is grafted by using a coupling agent KH-560 to obtain modified graphene oxide containing epoxy groups and silica chains, the dispersibility of the graphene oxide in a polymer is improved, the graphene oxide is functionalized, the modified graphene oxide is added into a plastic raw material and can be entangled with a PE molecular chain, the maleic anhydride polar group of a maleic anhydride graft and the modified graphene oxide generate interaction to increase the interaction between the modified graphene oxide and the plastic, and in the stretching process, stress can be effectively transferred to the modified graphene layer to achieve the effect of enhancing and toughening.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The maleic anhydride graft is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, adding 29.8g of ultraviolet absorbent UV-P and 88mL of DMMF into a reaction kettle, adding 0.15g of potassium permanganate and 2.5mL of hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 17%, heating to 65 ℃, stirring for reaction for 4 hours, transferring a reaction product into ice water, stirring to separate out a yellow solid, performing suction filtration, washing a filter cake with deionized water until a washing solution is neutral, and drying at 68 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain an intermediate 1;
step 2, adding 0.01mol of the intermediate 1, 0.01mol of anthranilic alcohol and 85.6mL of n-octane into a three-neck flask, uniformly stirring, heating to 90 ℃, adding 0.5mL of concentrated sulfuric acid into the mixture, carrying out reflux reaction for 3 hours, cooling to 60 ℃, adding 100mL of deionized water, reacting for 20 minutes, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate 2;
step 3, adding 30mL of chlorobenzene into a reaction kettle, introducing phosgene, adding 0.05mol of the intermediate 2 under the stirring condition, performing reflux reaction for 2 hours at the temperature of 130 ℃, continuously introducing phosgene until the molar ratio of the phosgene to the intermediate 2 reaches 6.5:1, finishing the reaction, and introducing nitrogen to remove phosgene and hydrogen chloride gas under the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain an intermediate 3;
and 4, adding 0.01mol of the intermediate 3, 5mL of potassium hydroxide solution and 46.8mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reaction kettle, stirring at the rotation speed of 150r/min and the temperature of 25 ℃ for 20min, adding 0.01mol of 1,2, 4-trimellitic anhydride acyl chloride, carrying out reflux reaction for 5h, extracting with ethyl acetate after the reaction is finished, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove the ethyl acetate to obtain the maleic anhydride graft.
Example 2
The maleic anhydride graft is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, adding 30g of ultraviolet absorbent UV-P and 89mL of DMMF into a reaction kettle, adding 0.17g of potassium permanganate and 3.2mL of hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 17%, heating to 67 ℃, stirring for reaction for 4.5 hours, transferring a reaction product into ice water, stirring to separate out a yellow solid, performing suction filtration, washing a filter cake with deionized water until a washing solution is neutral, and drying at 71 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain an intermediate 1;
step 2, adding 0.01mol of the intermediate 1, 0.01mol of anthranilic alcohol and 87.1mL of n-octane into a three-neck flask, uniformly stirring, heating to 92 ℃, adding 0.7mL of concentrated sulfuric acid into the three-neck flask, carrying out reflux reaction for 3.5h, cooling to 60 ℃, adding 100mL of deionized water, reacting for 25min, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate 2;
step 3, adding 32mL of chlorobenzene into a reaction kettle, introducing phosgene, adding 0.05mol of the intermediate 2 under the stirring condition, performing reflux reaction for 3 hours at the temperature of 135 ℃, continuing introducing phosgene until the molar ratio of the phosgene to the intermediate 2 reaches 6.5:1, finishing the reaction, and introducing nitrogen to remove phosgene and hydrogen chloride gas under the temperature of 82 ℃ to obtain an intermediate 3;
and 4, adding 0.01mol of the intermediate 3, 7mL of potassium hydroxide solution and 52.1mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reaction kettle, stirring at the rotation speed of 180r/min and the temperature of 28 ℃ for 25min, adding 0.01mol of 1,2, 4-trimellitic anhydride acyl chloride, carrying out reflux reaction for 7h, extracting with ethyl acetate after the reaction is finished, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove the ethyl acetate to obtain a maleic anhydride graft.
Example 3
The maleic anhydride graft is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, adding 30.2g of ultraviolet absorbent UV-P and 90mL of DMMF into a reaction kettle, adding 0.2g of potassium permanganate and 4.1mL of hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 17%, heating to 68 ℃, stirring for reaction for 5 hours, transferring a reaction product into ice water, stirring to separate out a yellow solid, performing suction filtration, washing a filter cake with deionized water until a washing solution is neutral, and drying at 75 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain an intermediate 1;
step 2, adding 0.01mol of the intermediate 1, 0.01mol of anthranilic alcohol and 88.1mL of n-octane into a three-neck flask, uniformly stirring, heating to 95 ℃, adding 0.8mL of concentrated sulfuric acid into the mixture, carrying out reflux reaction for 4 hours, cooling to 60 ℃, adding 100mL of deionized water, reacting for 30 minutes, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate 2;
step 3, adding 35mL of chlorobenzene into a reaction kettle, introducing phosgene, adding 0.05mol of the intermediate 2 under the stirring condition, performing reflux reaction for 4 hours at the temperature of 140 ℃, continuously introducing phosgene until the molar ratio of the phosgene to the intermediate 2 reaches 6.5:1, finishing the reaction, and introducing nitrogen to remove phosgene and hydrogen chloride gas under the temperature of 85 ℃ to obtain an intermediate 3;
and 4, adding 0.01mol of the intermediate 3, 8mL of potassium hydroxide solution and 54.2mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reaction kettle, stirring for 30min at the rotation speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 30 ℃, adding 0.01mol of 1,2, 4-trimellitic anhydride acyl chloride, carrying out reflux reaction for 8h, extracting with ethyl acetate after the reaction is finished, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove the ethyl acetate to obtain the maleic anhydride graft.
Example 4
The modified graphene oxide is prepared by the following steps:
step A1, adding 2.1g of hexadecyl tributyl phosphonium bromide, 50mL of acetone and 50mL of deionized water into a three-neck flask, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 1h to obtain an intercalation solution, simultaneously mixing 5g of graphene oxide, 100mL of acetone and 100mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring at 70 ℃ for 0.5h, then adding 100mL of the intercalation solution, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 8h, carrying out suction filtration, alternately washing a filter cake with ethanol and distilled water for 3 times, and drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain an intermediate product;
step A2, adding 1.1g of intermediate product, 28mL of anhydrous ethanol and 20mL of deionized water into a three-neck flask, then dropwise adding 0.5g of coupling agent KH-560, stirring for 5min, adding an acetic acid solution to adjust the pH value to 6, stirring to react for 4h, after the reaction is finished, carrying out centrifugal treatment, washing the precipitate with distilled water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the modified graphene oxide.
Example 5
The modified graphene oxide is prepared by the following steps:
step A1, adding 2.2g of hexadecyl tributyl phosphonium bromide, 50mL of acetone and 50mL of deionized water into a three-neck flask, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 1h to obtain an intercalation solution, simultaneously mixing 5g of graphene oxide, 100mL of acetone and 100mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring at 70 ℃ for 0.5h, then adding 100mL of the intercalation solution, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 8h, carrying out suction filtration, alternately washing a filter cake with ethanol and distilled water for 4 times, and drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain an intermediate product;
and A2, adding 1.2g of intermediate product, 30mL of anhydrous ethanol and 20mL of deionized water into a three-neck flask, then dropwise adding 0.6g of coupling agent KH-560, stirring for 5min, adding an acetic acid solution to adjust the pH value to 6, stirring to react for 5h, after the reaction is finished, carrying out centrifugal treatment, washing the precipitate with distilled water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the modified graphene oxide.
Example 6
The modified graphene oxide is prepared by the following steps:
step A1, adding 2.3g of hexadecyl tributyl phosphonium bromide, 50mL of acetone and 50mL of deionized water into a three-neck flask, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 1h to obtain an intercalation solution, simultaneously mixing 5g of graphene oxide, 100mL of acetone and 100mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring at 70 ℃ for 0.5h, then adding 100mL of the intercalation solution, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 8h, carrying out suction filtration, alternately washing a filter cake with ethanol and distilled water for 5 times, and drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain an intermediate product;
and A2, adding 1.3g of intermediate product, 32mL of anhydrous ethanol and 20mL of deionized water into a three-neck flask, then dropwise adding 0.7g of coupling agent KH-560, stirring for 5min, adding an acetic acid solution to adjust the pH value to 6, stirring to react for 6h, after the reaction is finished, carrying out centrifugal treatment, washing the precipitate with distilled water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the modified graphene oxide.
Example 7
A method for preparing recycled plastic by using waste plastic comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting and treating waste plastics to prepare composite waste plastics;
secondly, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of composite waste plastic, 15 parts of low-density polyethylene, 2 parts of maleic anhydride graft of example 1, 1.7 parts of modified graphene oxide of example 4, 1 part of initiator, 0.01 part of antioxidant and 1.5 parts of white mineral oil;
and thirdly, adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to the proportion, mixing for 3min at the mixing temperature of 75 ℃ at the rotating speed of 400r/min, then transferring the mixture into a double-screw extruder with the L/D (44: 1), preheating for 2min, and then melting, extruding, vacuumizing, air cooling, granulating and drying to obtain the recycled plastic.
Wherein, the collection and treatment process of the waste plastics is as follows: waste PET, PP and ABS plastics are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5: 1: 0.3 mixing, crushing into sheet material, washing with water to remove impurities, oven drying at 60 deg.C, controlling water content at 1%, transferring to granulating machine for granulating, and aggregating into granule with diameter of 0.3cm and bulk density of 600kg/m3Finishing the raw material treatment to prepare the composite waste plastic;
wherein, the temperature of the double-screw extruder in the third step is set as follows: the temperature of the pre-melting zone is 140 ℃, the temperature of the first melting zone is 190 ℃, the temperature of the first high-temperature shearing zone is 200 ℃, the temperature of the second high-temperature shearing zone is 210 ℃, the temperature of the second melting zone is 200 ℃, and the temperature of the discharging port is 190 ℃. The rotating speed of the double-screw extruder in the processing process is 300 r/min.
Example 8
A method for preparing recycled plastic by using waste plastic comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting and treating waste plastics to prepare composite waste plastics;
secondly, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of composite waste plastic, 18 parts of low-density polyethylene, 4 parts of maleic anhydride graft of example 2, 1.9 parts of modified graphene oxide of example 5, 1 part of initiator, 0.01 part of antioxidant and 1.7 parts of white mineral oil;
and thirdly, adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to the proportion, mixing for 4min at the mixing temperature of 80 ℃ at the rotating speed of 600r/min, then transferring the mixture into a double-screw extruder with the L/D (44: 1), preheating for 3min, and then melting, extruding, vacuumizing, air cooling, granulating and drying to obtain the recycled plastic.
Wherein, the collection and treatment process of the waste plastics is as follows: waste PET, PP and ABS plastics are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.6: 1: 0.3, crushing into sheet materials, washing with water to remove impurities, drying at 60 ℃, controlling the water content to be 2%, transferring to a granulator for agglomeration, and aggregating the materials into particles with the particle diameter of 1.0cm and the material bulk density of 700kg/m3Finishing the raw material treatment to prepare the composite waste plastic;
wherein, the temperature of the double-screw extruder in the third step is set as follows: a pre-melting zone of 148 ℃, a first melting zone of 195 ℃, a first high-temperature shearing zone of 205 ℃, a second high-temperature shearing zone of 217 ℃, a second melting temperature zone of 203 ℃ and a discharge port melting temperature zone of 198 ℃. The rotating speed of the double-screw extruder in the processing process is 400 r/min.
Example 9
A method for preparing recycled plastic by using waste plastic comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting and treating waste plastics to prepare composite waste plastics;
secondly, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of composite waste plastic, 20 parts of low-density polyethylene, 6 parts of maleic anhydride graft of example 1, 2.5 parts of modified graphene oxide of example 4, 1 part of initiator, 0.02 part of antioxidant and 1.8 parts of white mineral oil;
and thirdly, adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to the proportion, mixing for 5min at the mixing temperature of 90 ℃ at the rotating speed of 700r/min, then transferring the mixture into a double-screw extruder with the L/D (44: 1), preheating for 4min, and then melting, extruding, vacuumizing, air cooling, granulating and drying to obtain the recycled plastic.
Wherein, the collection and treatment process of the waste plastics is as follows: waste PET, PP and ABS plastics are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.7: 1: 0.3 mixing, crushing into sheet material, washing with water to remove impurities, oven drying at 60 deg.C, controlling water content at 3%, transferring to granulating machine for granulating, and aggregating into granule with diameter of 2cm and bulk density of 800kg/m3Finishing the raw material treatment to prepare the composite waste plastic;
wherein, the temperature of the double-screw extruder in the third step is set as follows: the temperature of the pre-melting zone is 150 ℃, the temperature of the first melting zone is 200 ℃, the temperature of the first high-temperature shearing zone is 210 ℃, the temperature of the second high-temperature shearing zone is 220 ℃, the temperature of the second melting zone is 210 ℃, and the temperature of the discharging port is 200 ℃. The rotating speed of the double-screw extruder in the processing process is 500 r/min.
Comparative example 1
The maleic anhydride grafts from example 5 were removed and the remaining starting materials and preparation were unchanged.
Comparative example 2
The modified graphene in example 6 was removed, and the remaining raw materials and preparation process were unchanged.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is PP recycled plastic granules sold by plastication business of Fengli city of Yuyao.
The recycled plastics of examples 7 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were injection-molded to form test bars, and were subjected to the following performance tests:
the tensile strength and the elongation at break are measured according to GB/T1040.2-2006;
the flexural strength and flexural modulus were measured according to GB/T9341-2008;
the impact strength of the cantilever beam notch is measured according to GB/T1834-2008;
the load deflection temperature was measured according to GB/T1634.2-2004;
the anti-aging performance is tested by carrying out an artificial accelerated aging experiment (90 ℃, 500 hours) according to a thermal-oxidative aging experiment standard GB/T7141-2008 to test the retention rate of tensile strength and the retention rate of impact strength; the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the recycled plastics of examples 7-9 have tensile strength of 44-45MPa, impact strength of 50.2-50.3J/m, bending strength of 66-67MPa, bending modulus of 3649-3657MPa, and compared with comparative examples 1-3, the recycled plastics prepared by the invention have excellent mechanical property and aging resistance, thereby realizing recycling of waste plastics and enhancing the service performance thereof.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing recycled plastic by using waste plastic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, collecting waste PET, PP and ABS plastics to prepare composite waste plastics;
secondly, taking the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of composite waste plastic, 15-20 parts of low-density polyethylene, 2-6 parts of maleic anhydride graft, 1.7-2.5 parts of modified graphene oxide, 1 part of initiator, 0.01-0.02 part of antioxidant and 1.5-1.8 parts of lubricant; mixing at 75-90 ℃, and carrying out melting, extrusion, grain cutting and drying to obtain regenerated plastic;
wherein the maleic anhydride graft is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, adding chlorobenzene into a reaction kettle, introducing phosgene, adding a UV-P graft under the stirring condition, carrying out reflux reaction at the temperature of 130-;
and step S2, mixing the intermediate 3, a potassium hydroxide solution and absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, adding 1,2, 4-trimellitic anhydride acyl chloride, performing reflux reaction for 5-8h, extracting after the reaction is finished, and performing reduced pressure distillation to obtain a maleic anhydride graft.
2. The method for preparing recycled plastic from waste plastic according to claim 1, wherein the UV-P graft is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, mixing an ultraviolet absorbent UV-P and DMF, adding potassium permanganate and hydrochloric acid solution, heating to 65-68 ℃, and reacting for 4-5h to obtain an intermediate 1;
and 2, mixing the intermediate 1, anthranilic alcohol and n-octane, heating to 90-95 ℃, adding concentrated sulfuric acid, reacting for 3-4h, cooling to 60 ℃, adding deionized water, reacting for 20-30min, filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain the UV-P graft.
3. The method for preparing the recycled plastic from the waste plastic according to claim 1, wherein the modified graphene oxide is prepared by the following steps:
step A1, mixing hexadecyl tributyl phosphorus bromide, acetone and deionized water, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 1h to obtain an intercalation solution, mixing graphene oxide, acetone and deionized water, magnetically stirring at 70 ℃ for 0.5h, adding the intercalation solution, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 8h, then carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain an intermediate product;
and A2, mixing the intermediate product, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, dropwise adding a coupling agent KH-560, stirring for 5min, adding an acetic acid solution to adjust the pH value to 6, stirring to react for 4-6h, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, precipitating, washing and drying to obtain the modified graphene oxide.
4. The method for preparing recycled plastic from waste plastic according to claim 3, wherein the amount ratio of cetyl tributyl phosphonium bromide, acetone and deionized water in the step A1 is 2.1-2.3 g: 50mL of: 50mL, wherein the dosage ratio of the graphene oxide, the acetone, the deionized water and the treatment liquid is 5 g: 100mL of: 100mL of: 100 mL.
5. The method for preparing recycled plastics by using waste plastics as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ratio of the intermediate product, the absolute ethyl alcohol, the deionized water and the coupling agent KH-560 in the step A2 is 1.1-1.3 g: 28-32 mL: 20mL of: 0.5-0.7 g.
6. The method for preparing the recycled plastic from the waste plastic as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is prepared by mixing an antioxidant 1010 and an antioxidant 168 according to a mass ratio of 1: 1.
7. The method for preparing recycled plastics by using waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lubricant is one or more of white mineral oil, ethylene bis stearamide and calcium stearate which are mixed according to any proportion.
8. The method for preparing recycled plastic from waste plastic according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion temperature in the third step is set as follows: the pre-melting zone is 140-.
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