CN113410636B - Flexible compact three-notch ultra-wideband antenna - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0053—Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The application relates to a flexible compact three-notch ultra-wideband antenna. Starting from an initial planar ultra-wideband monopole antenna, a compact flexible three-notch ultra-wideband antenna is finally designed. The antenna realizes triple notch characteristics at the frequency band range of the Wimax and WLAN system and at the high frequency of the X band through loading of the slots and the branches without increasing the initial size or even reducing the initial size. Through the use of the flexible material, the antenna is not only suitable for a common ultra-wideband communication system, but also can be compatible with complex structures requiring conformal performance and human body wearing equipment in the wearable field.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a flexible compact three-notch ultra-wideband antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication, research on frequency band resources below 6GHz is becoming more and more frequently used, but it is well known that spectrum resources are non-renewable resources, and in an environment where the data volume demand is continuously rising, the demand for high speed, high capacity and the like is continuously increasing. As an ultra-wideband UWB antenna meeting this demand, it has become a popular research direction for wireless communication antennas by virtue of its advantages of good anti-interference performance, high transmission rate, wide transmission bandwidth, and the like. However, since the ultra-wideband frequency band has an overlapping portion with some existing narrowband communication frequency bands, in order to reduce co-channel interference from this portion, the notch antenna needs no additional filter portion to filter signals of the corresponding narrowband communication frequency band, and it is obvious that it is more integrated for the final composition system, so it is an important link to study the structure of the antenna itself to implement notch. Microstrip antennas have been the antenna form of great interest in these fields because of their thin profile, light weight, easy integration, and the like, and their ability to conform more easily to certain shapes of matter, such as cylinders, cones, etc.
Most of the current research on notch antennas is based on non-conformal non-flexible antennas, and mainly single-notch, double-notch, and less research on flexible multi-notch antennas. In the literature investigation, the main technical route is to realize the design of the ultra-wideband antenna, and in order to realize the signal filtering of the same frequency, the notch function is realized by carrying out proper slotting on a radiation patch and a grounding plate or carrying out the loading of an artificial electromagnetic structure near a feeder line. For example, the Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structure mentioned in the conventional technology, which loads two electromagnetic bandgap structures with different sizes on the left and right sides of the antenna feeder line respectively, realizes the notch characteristics of two places (5.15-5.825 GHz) and (7.9-8.4 GHz), and although the notch of the required frequency band is finally realized, the electromagnetic bandgap structure requires additional metal vias, which additionally increases the complexity in production.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna in view of the above technical problems.
A flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna, comprising:
The antenna comprises a feeder line, a grounding plate, an L-shaped resonance branch knot, a radiation patch and a resonance ring structure; the feeder line, the grounding plate, the L-shaped resonant branches, the radiation patch and the resonant ring structure are coplanar and are arranged on the flexible medium substrate;
The feeder line is connected with the radiation patch, and the grounding plate comprises two right trapezoid grounding plates; the upper left corner of the right trapezoid grounding plate positioned on the left side of the feeder is an obtuse angle, the upper right corner of the right trapezoid grounding plate positioned on the right side of the feeder is an obtuse angle, the two right trapezoid grounding plates are respectively provided with the L-shaped resonance branches, the branches of the L-shaped resonance branches of the right trapezoid grounding plate on the right side of the feeder extend rightwards, and the branches of the L-shaped resonance branches of the right trapezoid grounding plate on the left side of the feeder extend leftwards;
The radiation patch is formed by processing a circular metal plate, the upper half part of the circular metal plate is cut, the distance between the cutting part and the highest point of the circular metal plate is smaller than the radius, the resonance ring structure is a complementary split resonance ring structure, the complementary split resonance ring structure is processed on the lower half part of the circular metal plate, and the distance between the cutting part and the highest point of the circular metal plate plus the diameter of the complementary split resonance ring structure is smaller than the diameter of the circular metal plate; wedge-shaped branches are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the round metal plate;
the radiating patch, the resonant ring structure, and the L-shaped resonant dendrite are used to form a tri-notch characteristic.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: the radiating patch, the resonant ring structure and the L-shaped resonant branches are used for suppressing signals of Wimax, WLAN and X-band high frequencies.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: the Wimax, WLAN and X-band high frequency correspond to notch characteristics formed at three places of 3.30-3.70 GHz, 5.14-6.05 GHz and 9.73-11.38 GHz respectively.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: the L-shaped resonance branch is used for eliminating signal interference at the high frequency band of the X wave band.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: the complementary split-ring resonator structure comprises an inner ring and an outer ring; and adjusting the notch characteristic of the WLAN frequency band by adjusting the radius of the inner ring.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: the size of the flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna is 25mm by 20mm by 0.3mm.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: the dielectric constant of the flexible dielectric substrate is 3.5.
The flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna realizes the triple-notch characteristics at the frequency band range of the Wimax and the WLAN system and at the high frequency of the X-band through the loading of the gaps and the branches under the condition that the initial size is not increased or even reduced. Through the use of the flexible material, the antenna is not only suitable for a common ultra-wideband communication system, but also can be compatible with complex structures requiring conformal performance and human body wearing equipment in the wearable field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view block diagram of a flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional block diagram of a flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conformal processing of a flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the line voltage standing wave ratio with the radius of the bottom surface of the conformal cylinder according to another embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the notch characteristics of an antenna as a function of the radius of a complementary split-ring resonator in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of surface currents at 3.5GHz at the center of three notch frequencies in one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of surface currents at 5.7GHz at the center of three notch frequencies in one embodiment;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of surface currents at 10.5GHz at the center of three notch frequencies in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna is provided, comprising the steps of:
The antenna comprises a feeder line, a grounding plate, an L-shaped resonance branch knot, a radiation patch and a resonance ring structure; the feeder line, the grounding plate, the L-shaped resonant branches, the radiation patch and the resonant ring structure are coplanar and are arranged on the flexible medium substrate; the feeder line is connected with the radiation patch, and the grounding plate comprises two right trapezoid grounding plates; the upper left corner of the right trapezoid grounding plate positioned on the left side of the feeder is an obtuse angle, the upper right corner of the right trapezoid grounding plate positioned on the right side of the feeder is an obtuse angle, the two right trapezoid grounding plates are respectively provided with L-shaped resonance branches, the branches of the L-shaped resonance branches of the right trapezoid grounding plate positioned on the right side of the feeder extend rightwards, and the branches of the L-shaped resonance branches of the right trapezoid grounding plate positioned on the left side of the feeder extend leftwards; the radiation patch is formed by processing a circular metal plate, the upper half part of the circular metal plate is cut, the distance between the cutting part and the highest point of the circular metal plate is smaller than the radius, the resonance ring structure is a complementary split resonance ring structure, the complementary split resonance ring structure is processed on the lower half part of the circular metal plate, and the diameter of the sum of the distance between the cutting part and the highest point of the circular metal plate and the diameter of the complementary split resonance ring structure is smaller than the diameter of the circular metal plate; wedge-shaped branches are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the round metal plate; the radiating patch, the resonant ring structure and the L-shaped resonant stub are used to form a tri-notch characteristic.
In the flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna, the triple-notch characteristics at the frequency band range of the Wimax and the WLAN system and at the high frequency of the X-band are realized through the loading of the gaps and the branches under the condition that the initial size is not increased or even reduced. Through the use of the flexible material, the antenna is not only suitable for a common ultra-wideband communication system, but also can be compatible with complex structures requiring conformal performance and human body wearing equipment in the wearable field.
In one embodiment, the antenna feed of the present invention employs a coplanar waveguide feed, a microstrip feed line is fabricated on one surface of a dielectric substrate, and a trapezoidal ground plate is fabricated on both sides immediately adjacent to the feed line. The antenna structure is shown in fig. 1, and the upper surface metal part consists of a proper red wine glass-shaped radiation patch, a complementary opening resonance ring (CSSR) structure etched on the radiation patch, two rectangular grounding plates with triangular cut angles on the left and right sides of a feeder line and L-shaped resonance branches loaded on the two grounding plates. The dielectric substrate is made of polyimide flexible material, and the dielectric constant is 3.5.
In one embodiment, the antenna is arranged in a plane, and the top view structure is shown in fig. 1, and the metal part is in a symmetrical structure as a whole. The initial radiating patch is square, the floor is also rectangular without cutting corners, the upper part of the radiating patch with the visible design is cut in parallel, and the lower part is correspondingly cut down, so that the lower part is in a semicircular shape, and the floor part is cut at proper corners. The above steps, after improving the current path at the antenna surface and the coupling between the patch and the floor, allow the impedance bandwidth of the antenna to fully cover the UWB standard.
As shown in fig. 2, a three-dimensional structure diagram of a flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna is provided, and in fig. 2, the dielectric substrates are all made of polyimide flexible materials, and the dielectric constant is 3.5. Two rectangular parts with resonance branches are used as the floors for coplanar waveguide feeding. The lower part of the radiation patch is in a circular arc structure, and the upper part of the floor is in a triangular chamfer, so that the surface current path can be improved, and the aim of widening the impedance bandwidth is fulfilled. The three-part notch characteristic is realized by the complementary open resonant ring structure on the radiation patch and the L-shaped branches loaded on the upper part of the floor.
In one embodiment, the slot is shaped like two complementary ring structures, namely complementary split-ring resonators (CSSRs), by slotting on the radiating patch, which achieve signal cancellation for two communication narrowband ranges. Signal interference from the high frequency band of the X wave band is eliminated by loading two L-shaped resonance branches on the upper end of the floor. By this part of the method, good filter characteristics are finally realized in three frequency bands.
In one embodiment, the overall size of the antenna is only 25mm by 20mm by 0.3mm, which not only benefits from the introduction of coplanar waveguide feed, but also is affected by the method of observing a partial area with low overall surface current, and cutting off the partial area with low radiation influence, and the latter is a major contribution. By copper coating on polyimide flexible material, the designed antenna is conformal operated with cylinders of different curvatures in simulation, and the result shows that the antenna performance is still good.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna conformal process is provided, wherein the flexible antenna is conformal to cylinders with different curvatures through simulation software HFSS, so as to focus on the influence of bending on the antenna performance.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the characteristic of the change of the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna along with the bottom radius of the conformal cylinder, in fig. 4, the antenna is subjected to parameter scanning through the selection of different cylinder bottom radii, and the schematic diagram showing the change of the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna along with the frequency under four different cylinder bottom circular radii is obtained. Although the VSWR value at the notch point of 5.7GHz tends to slightly decrease as the curvature becomes larger, the four curves achieve notch characteristics (VSWR. Gtoreq.2) in all three frequency bands.
Meanwhile, the design method of the invention is as follows:
the key to achieving miniaturization of the original ultra-wideband antenna design is that during the design of the radiating patch, the surface current density during the radiating process is closely paid attention to, and a part of the antenna can be properly cut off in a part of the structure with a very low value, because the contribution value of the antenna to the radiation is almost negligible, and the size is effectively reduced without changing the basic performance. The corresponding relation between the initial radiation patch size and the minimum frequency of the design requirement can be determined by using a cylindrical vibrator approximation method, as shown in a formula (1):
Where c is the speed of light (3×10 8m/s),fL is the resonant frequency of the antenna (unit GHz), λ L is the wavelength, L is the height of the equivalent cylinder, r is the radius of the bottom surface of the equivalent cylinder, and the values of L and r are both in mm.
In order to realize the three-notch characteristic, the radiation patch part of the ultra-wideband antenna designed in the previous part is required to be loaded with a complementary open resonator ring (CSSR) structure to realize the generation of the first two notches, and the third notch is completed by loading the resonance branches at the proper position of the floor, so that the size of the antenna is not increased no matter the radiation patch loading opening structure or the floor loading branches adopted in the design, and the miniaturization requirement is ensured. The relationship between CSRR size and notch center frequency can be expressed by equation (2).
Wherein L r、fcsrr in the formula is the length of CSSR and the notch center frequency, and c and epsilon r are the light speed and the effective dielectric constant, respectively.
The coplanar waveguide feed structure mainly refers to a feed mode that a feed line and a floor are arranged on the same side of a dielectric substrate. The width of the feed line and the width of the gap between the feed line and ground may be adjusted in order to obtain the desired characteristic impedance. And at the same time, in order to improve the impedance bandwidth characteristics of the antenna, a proper chamfer can be introduced to the structure of the floor.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the notch characteristics of an antenna as a function of the radius of a complementary split-ring resonator. In fig. 5, the notch characteristics are shown as a function of the inner ring radius of the complementary split-resonant ring at 5.7 GHz. It can be seen that the inner loop radius affects the WLAN characteristics in the tri-notch, and in the case of a decreasing inner loop radius, the circumference of the loop is reduced indirectly, and as shown in equation (2), the center frequency is increased, as shown in fig. 5.
In conclusion, the invention starts from an initial planar ultra-wideband monopole antenna and finally designs a compact flexible triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna. The antenna realizes triple notch characteristics at the frequency band range of the Wimax and WLAN system and at the high frequency of the X band through loading of the slots and the branches without increasing the initial size or even reducing the initial size. Through the use of flexible material for the antenna not only is applicable to among the ordinary ultra wide band communication system, can also promote the harmony of the human wearing equipment in the complex structure and the wearable field that need conformal performance.
The design has the following advantages:
(1) By feeding in a coplanar waveguide feeding mode, all conductive structures are arranged on one side of the substrate, so that the coplanar waveguide feeding type flexible multi-notch antenna is convenient to manufacture and integrate with other components, has the characteristics of low impedance, excellent dispersion performance and the like, and can realize a flexible multi-notch antenna which is slightly influenced by the step after being conformal by being matched with a dielectric substrate and adopting flexible polyimide.
(2) The basic structure of the antenna is composed of a red wine glass radiation patch, a feeder line and two symmetrical rectangular cut-angle floors. The signal suppression of Wimax, WLAN and X wave band high frequency is realized by etching the complementary split resonant ring near the bottom of the red wine glass and the L-shaped branches loaded on the upper end of the floor, and notch characteristics are formed at three positions of 3.30-3.70 GHz, 5.14-6.05 GHz and 9.73-11.38 GHz. Fig. 6,7, 8 are schematic diagrams of surface currents at three notch frequency centers, 3.5GHz, 5.7GHz, and 10.5GHz, respectively. In fig. 6,7, 8 the surface currents of the antenna at three frequencies are gathered among three different loading structures, respectively, exactly corresponding to the three frequency centers of the notch characteristic, because the surface currents around these three frequencies are tied in the three structures, so that the portions of the antenna radiating outwards at this time are very few, and VSWR values at three of 3.5GHz, 5.7GHz, and 10.5GHz are 6.5, 15, and 6, respectively, exhibiting a good notch characteristic.
(3) By cutting away the upper part of the original square radiating patch, the overall size of the antenna is further reduced, making it more advantageous in terms of miniaturization. Meanwhile, triangular corner cutting is carried out on the left and right upper corners of the floor of the antenna, arc corner cutting is carried out on the left and right lower corners of the radiation patch part, the coupling between the floor and the radiation patch is improved, the impedance bandwidth (S11 is less than or equal to-10 dB) of the antenna is 2.69-12 GHz, and the range of UWB standards (3.1 GHz-10.6 GHz) is completely covered.
(4) The antenna uses polyimide as a dielectric substrate, which is a special engineering material and is widely applied to various fields. Due to the outstanding characteristics of the performance and the synthesis, the application prospect is very good. The antenna made of the material has good flexibility, and the performance of the antenna is slightly influenced when the shape of the antenna is changed to perform corresponding conformal treatment. When the material is used for designing the antenna, the ultra-wideband characteristic and the notch characteristic of the antenna are stable, and the conformal requirement and the requirement of a wearable application part can be met.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna, the triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna comprising:
The antenna comprises a feeder line, a grounding plate, an L-shaped resonance branch knot, a radiation patch and a resonance ring structure; the feeder line, the grounding plate, the L-shaped resonant branches, the radiation patch and the resonant ring structure are coplanar and are arranged on the flexible medium substrate;
The feeder line is connected with the radiation patch, and the grounding plate comprises two right trapezoid grounding plates; the upper left corner of the right trapezoid grounding plate positioned on the left side of the feeder is an obtuse angle, the upper right corner of the right trapezoid grounding plate positioned on the right side of the feeder is an obtuse angle, the two right trapezoid grounding plates are respectively provided with the L-shaped resonance branches, the branches of the L-shaped resonance branches of the right trapezoid grounding plate on the right side of the feeder extend rightwards, and the branches of the L-shaped resonance branches of the right trapezoid grounding plate on the left side of the feeder extend leftwards;
The radiation patch is formed by processing a circular metal plate, the upper half part of the circular metal plate is cut, the distance between the cutting part and the highest point of the circular metal plate is smaller than the radius, the resonance ring structure is a complementary split resonance ring structure, the complementary split resonance ring structure is processed on the lower half part of the circular metal plate, and the distance between the cutting part and the highest point of the circular metal plate plus the diameter of the complementary split resonance ring structure is smaller than the diameter of the circular metal plate; wedge-shaped branches are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the round metal plate;
the radiating patch, the resonant ring structure, and the L-shaped resonant dendrite are used to form a tri-notch characteristic.
2. The flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating patch, the resonant ring structure, and the L-shaped resonant stub are used for signal rejection for Wimax, WLAN, and X-band high frequencies.
3. The flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna of claim 2, wherein the Wimax, WLAN and X-band high frequencies correspond to notch characteristics formed at three locations of 3.30-3.70 GHz, 5.14-6.05 GHz and 9.73-11.38 GHz, respectively.
4. The flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna of claim 2, wherein the L-shaped resonant stub is configured to cancel signal interference at the X-band high frequency band.
5. The flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna of claim 2, wherein the complementary split-resonant ring structure comprises an inner ring and an outer ring;
And adjusting the notch characteristic of the WLAN frequency band by adjusting the radius of the inner ring.
6. A flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna has dimensions of 25mm x 20mm x 0.3mm.
7. The flexible compact triple-notch ultra-wideband antenna of any of claims 1-5, wherein the flexible dielectric substrate has a dielectric constant of 3.5.
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